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:
“~*-
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BUREAU OF FISHERIES
GEORGE M. BOWERS, Commissioner
THE FISHES OF ALASKA
om
FROM BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES
Volume XXVI, 1906, Pages 219 to 360, Plates XIV to XLII
a
BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 624
ISSUED DECEMBER 6, 1907
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1907
baa
THE FISHES OF ALASKA.
By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN and EDMUND LEE GOLDSBOROUGH.
BUREAU OF FISHERIES DOCUMENT NO. 624,
219
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. —
By BARTON WARREN EVERMANN anp EDMUND LEE GOLDSBOROUGH.
An investigation of the salmon fisheries of Alaska was made during the summer
and fall of 1903 by a special commission appointed by the Commissioner of Fisheries
at the request of the President, and a report thereon by David Starr Jordan and
Barton Warren Evermann, published January 30, 1904, as House Document
No. 477, Fifty-eighth Congress, second session, considered fully all the phases of the
salmon fisheries concerning which legislation was urgently needed. Large collections
of fishes and other aquatic animals were secured, however, and much information
concerning the habits, abundance, and distribution of the salmon and other fishes.
It is the purpose of the present paper to put on record the more important of these
facts and to discuss more fully some of the chief problems connected with the salmon
fisheries.
In order to represent fully the scope of the investigations of the special commis-
sion, it has been thought advisable to include in this report the species of fishes
obtained during the dredging and other collecting operations in British Columbia
and Puget Sound. All species previously recorded from Alaskan waters have been
listed also, and all Alaskan specimens in the U. S. National Museum have been
examined. Attempt has thus been made to embody in this paper a complete
review of the fishes of Alaska to date. The commercial and statistical phases of
the fisheries have been fully discussed in reports by Mr. John N. Cobb, assistant agent
at the salmon fisheries of Alaska.¢
The following new species are described in this report. The numbers in
parentheses are those of the types as registered in the U. S. National Museum.
Polistotrema deani (57820). Blennicottus clarki (57824).
Sebastodes swifti (57821). Pholis gilli (57827).
Icelinus burchami (57822). Lumpenus longirostris (57828).
Cottus chamberlaini (57823). - Lycodes jordani (57829).
Accompanying this report are 20 colored plates, made from water-color draw-
ings of living fishes. Cuts of all the new species herein described are inserted in the
text, as are also numerous others.?
a The Commercial Fisheries of Alaska in 1905, and The Fisheries of Alaska in 1906, Bureau of Fisheries Documents
Nos. 603 and 618. ;
b The colored drawings and the pen and ink drawings of all but three of the new species were made by Mr. A. H. Baldwin.
Lumpenus longirostris and Polistotrema deani were drawn by Miss Anna 8. Buckelew, Lycodes jordani by Miss Violet
Dandridge.
221
222 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES IN ALASKA AND THE PUGET SOUND REGION.
For the purposes of the present paper we have considered the territory covered
as made up of five divisions, viz:
1. The Puget Sound-British Columbia region, extending northward to Dixon Entrance and Port-
jand Canal.
2. Southeast Alaska, from Dixon Entrance and Portland Canal to Yakutat Bay.
3. Central Alaska, from Yakutat Bay to the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands, including
Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and their connecting waters.
4. Bering Sea, including the Yukon and all other tributary waters in Alaska.
5. Arctic Ocean, including the Mackenzie and all other tributary waters in Alaska.
The geographic distribution of fishes in these regions is represented in the fol-
lowing tabulation, an examination of which shows some interesting facts. The total
number of species recorded is 288. Of these, 7 are found in each of the 5 regions;
40 are known from all of the regions except the Arctic; 16 are known from Bering
Sea, Central Alaska, and Southeast Alaska, but not from either of the other 2
regions. Twenty-two are peculiar to Puget Sound region, 15 to Southeast Alaska,
14 to Central Alaska, 55 to Bering Sea, and only 1 (Argyrosomus lucidus) to the
Arctic. There are 11 anadromous and 18 strictly fresh-water species. |
The great number of species from Bering Sea shows how much more thor-
oughly that region has been studied than have Central and Southeast Alaska; it
does not necessarily indicate a decidedly richer fauna.
ee | Ene ee
oe a fxs of 3 =|
Plelalate wel alalals
2 x uae 4s a > Oo e 3 Roe “4 a ® 3)
Family and species. ola iat fe ee Family and species. Wey ee aes fs (LP
el =A s of ; Oo | pl nA = on o
SP Pi bet Sia ees ia Sal“ | 318] s
Wales eS ls. | Sd ale | S| 8] 2
A lina l/o;A]< G&G |janlo|a|<
HEPTATREMIDZ: | SALMONIDZ—Continued. |
Polistotrema, dear 2.5.22 ae Io God fener es eee ae Stenodus mackenziv eee 3 ee lee x
PETROMYZONIDZ: , | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha........--- SCLC MES OS
Entosphenus tridentatus........----|---- | aT A] Ketase3 ee Gal We, al ss Sed Pos
Laniperra aureae 23265222. aes ee eee $1524 DS ar aa tschawytscha..-..-.-..- Ke OX OK Laan ho
SQUALIDZE: | dG S|TE 6) ¢ Pepeaes age bye os KS Nei
Sqiiaius: sucklis. 522 es. 222 eee Sarl MOXGO eone ae eee Nevin): - she lee ese Slee entioc
DALATIIDZE: | | Salmo elagigh.<. 322. ee Dre ane eee, ee
Somniosus microcephalus.-..-..------ BRR Sas Oe ead ee Sa TAIneT es eee eee | EH exer he ee ee
SQUATINIDE: | iidelins, 21S = Bore KLAR feeett
Squatina squatina-s=.= - 3. {2222 2-2-2 es Wy, Sil (epg eee bese Cristivomer namaycush..--.-----.-.--- Slee eaten x
RAJIDZ: | Salvelintis malma..:.222..4..222-.22 pao ea a
Raja pinectila tas: 22 = ee ee Soll) DK eK as a SAE AT TD A |
parmiiierar 55 ao. apes eee Ee SS eS gas <7 ee Thymallis sienifer:> 4-23) 299s es 2) Se2 epee es Sliex
MIGUTICH SS 3 emcee alee ee eae x | X |.... || ARGENTINIDZE: | | |
trchers 6 oe ee ee 5 oo epee et ae Matloiis willosus occ? et sae ee We ee A ie
aby ssicola Ao else eee ee Tee Diab te a |e MENS oi ee Thaleich thys pachicus = = see nee Hapa eee | | col Ni
CHIMZRIDZ: | Osmerus thaleichthys........-.----- | 2] ae el | eee
Hydrolagus coliei: 2s oe 1 PKGn et) Ste yee Nees dentexus ss5 wig sae Reais al io Saal hi
ACIPENSERIDZ: albatrossisy 022%. - sisesc s2leees bie: fe wo, ey Peta
Acipenser medirostris....-....------- 6 a) SPORE Fie 2d pai SR | Hy pomesus pretiosiss5-—s5-- 222-255 Ke LOX Xa eet
CATOSTOMIDZ: OliGiis Hs5. see eee Pecic eee x
Catostomus catostomus so 3 a2 5 ee) ee eee Ge Val ae Leuroglossus stilbius.--...---------=}---- ake, ORS Sines
SYNAPHOBRANCHIDZ: | MICROSTOMIDZ: - |
Histiobranchus bathybius.......-...'..-- Peis eae S42, SBathylaeds borealis: asec 22 eee tae er eee alta
NEMICHTHYIDZE: | | MYCTOPHIDZ: ! |
Avocetiina eilt: 2.2.5. - = eee ee Silanes Sle eae Lampanyctus semmifer....2..2-. 222! pt ae bE oe ween
CLUPEIDZ: : Nannobrachium leucopsarum....... ---- ee @ eae as
Chipen pallasit: »-226.... 22-8 eeneose pe abe, Ue, Ne Fee | ngunoehses.. ostee Wie fe Vie ae a | ae
Alosa sapidissima ...2----22 pee ee b /aien Naan 9) co Gah wae a IN Diagphusithetas 2 235 Fess ee eae toes Pastels ase eee ae
SALMONIDZE: | | / CHAULIODONTIDE:
Coregonus Kermicottt. 2.25 252sse825--|- <2 Heese eae 1X ex Cyclothone microdon.:- 22222205202 |s2-2 See See (ee eee
quadrilateralis —. 2a32 Wee | soles = x |. Chauliodus:macowmnl .-.22-.52-5-2e22 Hal ints EF ep Ga eee dir St
Relsoni. 2 eee eee eee ee |....| X | X || PLAGYODONTIDA: :
Argyrosomus pusillus 2 - 53252532 22s)s0- ee eee x1 || Plagyodus zesculapius. .....-.-------|.--- Loe alos
IRAIT ETS 2 2 See ee Fe ihe he DOLCAIIS 22 - sae ee eee ya a4
lncidus. .°s:) Seas eee |....|-..-|----| X. |) NOTACANTHID ze: |
HMASCUNUS). 2 be Se eee aia aie. (ae Macdonaldia challengeri........-..-.-l.--- eee xX see
THE FISHES OF ALASKA,
e
“4 ? ;
SR e 3 g
: : do :/4181o0] 8
Family and species. mo|/ 2/41/2106
pO| a oes Mb a t agee
eel (e181 8
ayee) ® =
le la lola <
DALLIID2Z:
Maia PSCLOLalise. 5-6) 22 -j- see ss BSS cineca ees x
ESOCIDE:
IDS lip OUR SES AS ee cer! Peete se alee x
GASTEROSTEIDZ:
Pygosteus pungitius.............--- nll eo ca oc [ee
Gasterosteus cataphractus.....-..-- SS, eae Sal lesa Siac
AULORHYNCHID2E: ;
Aulorhynchus flavidus.............- hat KX
SYNGNATHID2:
Siphostoma griseolineatum.-.....-.- le xeall o<
AMMODYTIDZ:
Ammodytes personatus..........--- ea Xa ox :
BERYCID2E:
Pleetromuswusubris. 255... 6Ks.: Bas | Catia Se ce sé
CLISHICe PSAs ce eee See x i oa
ZAPRORIDZE:
AAPLOCH, SMOMUS So ese ee yee Xx 4
EMBIOTOCIDE:
Cymatogaster aggregatus........-.- alll oN ‘
Meeniotoea lateralis... 3.2.2.2... x lee
Damalichthys argyrosomus......--- Scales <
SCORPENIDZ:
Sebastolobus alasecanus.............|-.-.- SGA Sue eee
ULGIVGMIS® fo. 22S aes BEEP eal eee Deane
Sebastodes paucispinis...........--- Sa SS Bese ea lee
melaMOpS senses ess Jes e- =: SCH CRS GOI a al ee ae
CHUAGUSIG= 5 Roan cian eo eee aene| Sok Ne HASee ee
TMLYSLUMUSeys eee ee Se cualls <ille Call < lies
bDTeviSpINISee =e ntsc cas cee e Sollee Sa etic (aes Eee
AULUGUSiern ele cee tte mas DRE a Gill OX? 2 =
PINNIi Pere ess Sle hase Sal eeeys ane ate :
AICULIANUIS 2 so6 seca 68535 > Gniecee eee
SamicOlars 5.53 5c ae SW a eo ee
SWabIo ys atte oA eee if oyai| Ie set see
GiplOprOd==e sass eee NG Weeden wee wee é
introniger., 2 hss! ee YET Gl eS i ea iBaee
FUDerNIMUSE oe eee SCG art Neewtees een dh
FOSHCOUS Es eee cease SG eal | tees | Sean Nee E
TUDESUNISate sos eee cee x< |] SK :
CUT hoes = AN San ale pera SCR ae ee ae
CAUMIMUSS 3555 sho caus <x
TMA erse wees ee eters SCP Cues
MED MLOSUSaa ee ete sees SLL OX
TIPTOCINCEUS 2 s55. 2 2225- x | X
ANOPLOPOMATIDZ:
Ano plopoma TmibTia. 2.2 522-2.-....- Sex
HEXAGRAMMIDZ:
Pleurogrammus monopterygius. ---- Be Aneel Pea co. IS
Hexagrammos decagrammus........ SAN || 2G SANE
octogrammus.......- Scale Italie OX, le
SUGIIGrie satatiee s facte os NGI Sal eal] DMS
superciliosus........- OS 2 ee Ne
lagocephalus......-.-- By ede ALO yee
Ophiodon elongatus.2:.....2.4.---5- Cle CUES Gall sesh
Zaniolepis latipinnis................. SOs, Sai Mie eee et mae CO dE
Oxmleblys MIETUS. - 22.2 ss 8s ac ose sf Sil ere ales ailiar=ie aire
CoTrip#:
Chitonotus pugetensis....:.......-.- Sol ee ese || ones a
Tarandichthys filamentosus ......-.. Ss aan Sito te Baie
(POMTULIS ee ee eee SCN Te ee |e een
Keelinusipurchaml. 2) 2202-5. .c yee eS Se he BE
ONES eres sees SLT Siac Ceili Galle
Astrolybes fenestralis: ............- ASE SG CUES
Stelgidinotus latifrons.............- GN eae eee eeeae|
Arpediell is pacihcus.... 22.5.2... -<.- Le iiss Ali ollie ||
HASETINIS SCULISeCr S252 50 5 2s. hss-s - Vem | Stee eel tenes al
RECMISMICOUMISIHE 6. 5522520 22. aise Ss ee Cale ale
SPOUSE Se pees he ee eee KES el
AUG VOPS se ae oe oe wale ce tee SGAieenaie
VACHE IIS po Ge Oe ae eae Beeler Seal eels
Gamanhiemlatlise o- $.2222- 2-2 =-!-.: 5 a el (see Cals
Radulimis aspreilus...-.--...--.-~-- pO hy. (eae Cara
MMoLOPS PCAMlit. 22 25-5-025-02--2 2-2 a all exalt ees |(
SCEMDICTIGM so scc osc oe Sass else Seo] es el tea bs
Sternias xenostethus...........-.--- Upset epee ee alee a eee
Reonmsbips macellus -2..---.+.5--5.-|-<.- Sorel Saal
BA MirarOnileatan s- 02. s2-.-2e2seecl/-= = Ele ilia ee
RECN EGESHO DUO ce cnet a citn = oles a <)--a'ni-| « 3) oped Wo. a eee
Hemilepidotus jordani-.-.....-.-.----- (ale Co ee |
hemilepidotus...-.-- Se ee IOS ack
223
ley |
jac |g <
oj2/313/¢3
Family and species. eo) Sha 216
pl | eT a | »
gh Mh ad Pe a
yale | 8 | S| 2
Ain |ol|Al=
CoTtTipz—Continued.
MO PG Vis DUS OM ss ac nstre ee uo were on « Peel, Pally. pee tsetse ee
ClONIP Oras ne pte co se ia on Me al See oe
Ceratocottus diceraus..............-. PC ea eon) Ie
COLLUS SSPE testes a eesee ere wes > oll cam Ue fe el | fe
SULOSUSe. Seis seat ee eee ots te ay Ae eed |e Para
CORNGTUSHS 4: .-5 Botte c heel sdlacenleem sis eh ie
HlCUTICUSek sas 224-8 eee ce SEU TES <a live hele, ci | a
Chamiberlyintic.=.esee ees alee | eae cee eles i
Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus| x | X | X | X | X
THOM te tries oe eee sh aah dole eel Behe
VCLNUCOSUS HL S222 a} ee lees Pav PSU ues
Er Yp: alll ap P=} Soe Ea hs, Me ee, he PS | Balt’ Ga
Stelleniass sce aerate ee ea ieee Be
MPO oto eee oa oe echoes Dea SRL oe are
Megalocottus platycephalus.........|....|..-.|...- Deislioe see
TEV Hele) Eat ee mee tae toe ey el Peele alex
Zesticelus) protumcdonumlss ses: sees os|eene pete ceed eal BE
Theeopterus aleuticus.-..........-..|...- Seeaeres (Sera I
Dasyeottus|setipers2. 25... 22-2 aS eS
Malacocottus zonurus..........-..-- cEeAOOSRE bi Beo Tae I
Porocotvusisellanise ssc 2 ee. sas eeee =p | ena a eee
Gioerolabms, ose a ch agea eas tall ea este Ne
braGionrdis: 2. ssereeaces fai aly Fa
Oncocotius quadneornisss-s2-2-) sos \eeee Nee eee |p < SZ
MexACOnniSee ss] a eaee eee eects | eco hee < Bla.
Gymnocanthus pistilliger...........|....]. EP re | San |
PMledtlises eer ae See I RIE AEE AZ
Leptocottus armatus=---..--..----- il OX wom: leetes leeias
Oligocottusmaculosuss.s-225s-.-- 5. SHE SGal a Gu eerie. 3
SISMUSTeS eC auilia Smee: sane eee sre eae ale Na ieee af secs
Blennicottus acuticeps.............- See eee alte <
Slobicepstses.. ss seeeee ESA Galo all
Cid eee secon Wes eer cle Bae | Gal Been (Pears
Clarks AeA ee eee ie, ae
UShacatEis DUlobiss4s5..esees . tee SPE Sle ea ae
De PSiaSiCIEEMOSUS Heese eee eee oe [POS the
NAUGISGHS pEDIOWdUS = soe sees ee Halle A Ale al eae Me
Nautichthys oculofasciatus......-.-- SGP SE hea es te eae
Wlca marnmonataeeer sees eee ee ree te ae-<eall aes ea | abe
Hemitripterus cavifrons........--.. Wee celle eeliige Cal |
Svan laubeiGes abt ese saeococeooeosooee eso Bae temas see
Psychrolutes paradoxus.........-.- SAWS, lool OX,
Gilbertidia sigolutes.-.......-.....- Hie Nhat GINS os a fe ta
RHAMPHOCOTTIDE: |
Rhamphocottus richardsoni-.-..-.-.- > aa ened alle
AGONIDZE:
Hypsagonus quadricornis..........- a Oe cal Sas
Occa dodecaedronlys cee ae eae e ees Neos eee fered we oll eta
IPallasinarpanbabale oes cee ence acne | Gael ves <> Gan ee
£715 ee Sree ey gt RI UD ce cee 66 lh ele Ss Sle
Podothecus acipenserinus.......---- SCH Xe oO
Averruncus emmelane........-.....- Ge a Sato. sl ae
Sannivor tema GUS ase sae see. See oe [ceed pean Oca | tid
lepbroriynehnwsnes-seseh ese Sees ae OE
Bathyagonus nigripinnis.........-.. val ce haul atl
Xenochirus pentacanthus........-.- a WO hon Pee bea)
DIASCAMMS Se Scoot ee (eee ee le cal law
ibSh eri 70) dks Pees ee ee ea SIN sell ee ree ee
Odontopyxis trispinosus.......-.--- Meh ae eee ler, ce
Aspidophoroides guntheri......-.-.- eg e ae e e Bo | me
bamtkOMi esas a2 se Wee | aI an
Halevi caUGSI hte eh Se 3 Sree li Geel anh cat ee
CYCLOPTERIDZE:
HEumicrotremus orbis..........-..-.- SOU eel tom os
MS UHNOGIEMUUS MNCUS) 22 ane ee eles lan ae 26
Cyclopteroides gyrinops......-------|.--- ee ee
Cyclopterichthys ventricosus....-.-..|.-.- ie WOR Oe
LIPARIDIDZ:
INGCOlipPanis) MtOLIe Sse. eee ses ce] e)|S =~ brea’ | se Me
Colimouui te ee ee colon] KL ee
MIPMMISi@yClOPUS as wee ecco. aon arora |i ~ a] ara Ke
TICENISIS aieeeteayee eee ce eee = He Dr ee | eee | et
CVERICISIVAN SA ee ere! Pen fe alex
MOTNCHEMMNIS ho. 2 oes, ooo e ee eee ooleete Eee ahi <
CVCIOSHEMA= = Sess. selon an oaialotes Teg) Sark (PP ese
AMS legate os oo oa [ee leseot Seb SS
Crystallichthys mirabilis.........-..|---- (eA 83 x
Ca TOOTOCHUSISIMIUS sat isco << 5s sae HES eee ie Si 8
COlleGhie oe 36 << ce eee fee sl eee pa eae a
DEANS. os. 1.35 oe cage ae [es ~
994 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Ee oe eee Bee
= we = = & | ; | <
|.fisi4iai-s “21 3|& | 3 E
= vw} 2 ~ > n Sioe
- 5 x Sa Osis | Sia Ss) C e o_-| 44 ai2i{o
Family and species. oe (eat Family and species. mo| 2/4)/2)0
sO} So) Be le pola “| | 9
Soe) - | & E13 a} ee = & 3
SA & o|2 a solagits|2]| 4
S&S |nmI!o}R < an mio | Aid
en " Pa ee ee een ee
} ;
Liparipip£—Continued. | ZoaRcID=—Continued.
Careproctus spectrum... .------------777)7777 pe Pees (eed | Lyeodes brevipes -- ----------------- x Laem) xX -
Gakenbaih. 6. 252 5-5-2522 A ae Seas Lycodalepis tumneri - - -.-------------|-<5- ey eee a
patened 2 2.622222 263s xX |.._. || Fureimanus diaptera---------------- SCN See ue =
Prognurus cypselurus...------------)5077)0777)/0777 ee eee Bothrocara pusilla..-.-.-------------- lhe he | wale a ee
Gyrinichthys minytremus-..-------- BN (Bois ino ag eS mollis. 6202-22 othe eee |. <2 ip ed eae
Paraliparis holomelas--------------- x |x|xX| xX |---- |] Gymmelis Wridis 2s ee Sas Eee rxixlx
cephalus... 2! -----252244o ee x ca SHENHA <-35=-—2-55295-- == EE oe =) so Kp
wlochit . |; 0222-5 easing eee ae alte Melanostigma pammelas. --.-------- es Be ee eS.
Rhinoliparis barbulifer------------------ 7777 x |... || LYCODAPODID2: ;
BATHYMASTERIDE: || Lycodapus fierasfer-.--------------- 1 SS eee) aes
Bathymaster signatus. ------------- eer Oa Ol Ue Ge Sa era parviceps..-------------- Ma Reet) 2 LN 5 a rs
Ronquilus jordani------------------- > de Se eg A eee extensuS..-------+------- bosee eee ieee K ieses
TRICHODONITID2E: : | MERLUCCID2: |
Trichodon trichodon- --------------- .. X |X| X |---- || . Merluceius productus. .-------------- i>, @e ener eek Somes Cae
Arctoscopus japonicus. .--------------7" -7"" > eee ee || GADIDE: ae
BATRACHOIDIE: || Boreogadus saida...---------------- oot eH EN
Porichthys notatus. .--------------- sal Dare Mase 5 as Wega Theragra chaleogramma..----------- io ae es 22 at ae
GOBIESOCIDE: facensises 250+ 22 -22-=—=== pape wae a) ees) 2 bane
Caularchus mzeandricus- ------------ SCANS Seah Chee tae Eleginus navaga: -------------------- ae GB. a ee, eS
BLENNIDZE: Microgadus proximus. -------------- rx|x|xXj|Xi/--
Bryostemma polyactocephalus - -- -- ye a Gl |e ek eed | Gadus macrocephalus.- -------------- bE ae ee
Apodichthys favidus.25.2 2 22--2=---— G4, hci eg aes ee ae | Antimora microlepis- -- -- -----------}----|---- cast epee
Pholis dolichogaster- ------------------7\777" Se ae Lota-maenlosa: . 25-2. <= 222> 2° Soe PREY Sa So 5 2
Ra een ee Se So Xx | XK i... |) MACROURID2: Bee ae) ae
piso eck eee oa ee Sen pace | Albatrossia pectoralis- ..------------ geen Se a3 bea dha Santbes Mears
OMmaAHIS =. =-<2.--- = -==--=--= SP Oe tae = Bogoslovius clarki..--.-------------- (RS Bot Raed 2!
Anoplarchus atropurpureus- -------- dl Yass feo fee eee | firmisquamis. ----------|---- poee Bed oe EE
Xiphistes chirus. -.------------------ yey ye as Be eee | Chalinura serrula-.------------------ aie oh Cc ee, ec
Xiphidion mucosum ....------------- Se yo eee se l Macrourus acrolepis. .--------------- ees ees Rees PNG) eee
rupestre-..-------------+-j---- es Ses tees Bre | cinereuS ----------------- b ice De Le peas
Opisthocentrus ocellatus..-----------79-)777 X |_... || PLEURONECTID2: res ey t
Leptoclinus maculatus. .---------------- rx] x tL. || Atheresthes stomias--..------------- | X | xX | X | X |[----
Poroclinus rothrocki-. -------------------|"y- Dn hap: Gal seg) | Hippoglossus hippoglossus.- --------- eee eae ee oe oo
Lumpenus medius. -..--------------35- Fa be eee, Care || Lyopsetta exilis...-.---------------- eo tay bee ene a
anguillaris. -------------- 7a Va bis aa Os eee | Eopsetta jordani-.----.------------- Be os ees Bae Sere
sitadicnyt. fies 2 ae ee a eee | Hippoglossoides elassodon: --------- ee i a ie, tee ee
Sahriel es kos eee ea | kee Psettichthys melanostictus. -------- pag Nae eee, ee
longirostris...--------------- Se | ok: tose || Parophrys VELiUs oo ec see eee ES) bee Oy = a are
Stichzeus punctatus. -------------------- SEN fee gel (oO GaN fc ec) Inopsetta ischyTa- ------------------ LX Jose] XK f--=-]a2=5
CRYPTACANTHODIDE: ) | Tsopsetta isolepis---.---------------- Ea OE ae ee | eB
Delolepis virgatus. --.--------------- Soha Ul Creat | Lepidopsetta bilineata-------------- vile Ox 1 oS oo
Lyconectes aleutensis...------------)--7-}----)-77- |X 121 |] Limanda aspera. ..---------------77- PRE WET, ag eS ae
ANARHICHADIDE: | proboscidea - --------------|---- fivtel (eae Mule see
Anarhichas lepturus. ---------------|----|7-7" bed % |... || Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus. ---|----)---- 54a) Bey a Uae
PTILICHTHYIDZ: { Liopsetta glacialis-----.------------- Bete RE aN ae eS
Ptilichthys goodei -.-----------------|---- 3 OS || Platichthys stellatus..-------------- ee en ea) ol
ZOARCIDE: | Microstomus pacificus. -------------- ae i eal I> 8 > Ge SAE
Lyciscus crotalinus. -----------------\-73-)" yy" ae) heen Be | Glyptocephalus ZaCMiTUS..- -------=-- LO XL alee= =
Lycodopsis pacificus. --------------- eae) > a Ge Bet ee | Citharichthys sordidus- .------------- WSS) PARE Pip el FD? |"
Lycodes concolor-.-.--------------- peed Bee Eee ex cteeee stigmeeus. ------------ Bee eee a eee ese aes
digitatus-.-..------------;-|---- pRioc ab coats fe | eee oe
palearis...---------------"-|-<:- | ra ESS Eo ae| Pipa u 60 2 eee 119 1134 149 189 | 36
jordani.....-------------- a Pe ee Eee =e | | barat
| i | | |
)
ee ‘
cae oe
RL cos ce Wer ages
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 995
Family 1; HEPTATREMIDA. The Borers, or Hagfishes.
1. Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head to first gill-opening 6.5 in total length; depth 13.6; tail 7; branchial distance 7.3; gill-open-
ings 11 or 12; teeth 11 + 11 and 10 + 10; base of tongue under third gill-opening.
Body long and slender, little compressed; head somewhat depressed; nostril broad, slit-like, termi-
nal; mouth a longitudinal slit with wrinkled edges; 8 barbels, 4 above and 4 below; apparently no ante-
rior rudimentary gill-slits. Fin-fold well pronounced on ventral surface of body, gradually disappear-
ing in front of middle of length; caudal rounded, showing ray-like marks.
Color purplish-blue or that of the Santa Clara prune, becoming blacker in alcohol, and uniform over
the whole body; ventral fold or anal fin not bordered by white; no white border about gill-openings.
This species differs from Polistotrema stouti in a number of important respects, chief of which are
the much shorter head (6.5 instead of 4.5 in body), the longer tail (7 instead of 8), the more numerous
Fig. 1.—Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
teeth, and the color. In P. stouti the ground color of fresh specimens was brown plus a little pink,
which changes to a bluish tint in preserved specimens; ventral fold or anal fin bordered by white, which
oiten encircles the caudal fin; gill-openings bordered by white ring; old examples often mottled or
blotched about the head with white; a few specimens had in addition 1 or 2 black blotches on the side
of the body.
In the following table are given certain comparative measurements of 97 examples of P. stowti,4 and
corresponding measurements of our 4 specimens of P. deani. All measurements, etc., were taken from
the right side of fresh hags that had just died. The specimens were laid flat on a board, but none was
stretched. In two of the specimens of P. deani the left side was used, as being more satisfactory. All
measurements are in millimeters, from which proportional measurements can be readily computed.
a From Monterey Bay and examined for us by Mr. William F. Allen, at the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory.
B. B. F. 1906—15
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
bo
bo
oO
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF POLISTOTREMA STOUTI AND P. DEANI.
Polistotrema stoutt.
Tip of Center Tip of | Center
Num- | um-
. snout of first : snout | of first
No. of bes tocen- gill- Nectar | No. of parce tocen-| gill- eae
speci- | ; oti ter of opening enn speci- ti ter of |jopening aia
men. |. tail.a first gillto cen- Baa men. | of eat first gill) to cen- ee
~~" | open- | ter of He sal “| open- | ter of = %
ing. | last. 8s. ing. last.. eS
ee BS
mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. || mm. mm. mm. mm.
1 550 130 | 64 | 12 || 50 430 106 54 11
2 | 415 115 | 60 | 12 | 51 481 124 60 12
eee er ee 53 | 12° ||. 52 475 115 63 12
4 | 555 127 7 12 53 464 114 60 12
5 582 135 73 | 13 54 503 122 64 | 12
| 6 | 540 122 68 12 55 426 94 60 12
7 490 lil 63 12 56 442 104 58 il
8 482 112 68 12 57 490 118 61 12
9 512 116 70 12 58 355 89 42 il
10 475 111 65 12 59 480 125 57 11
11 453 113 61 12: | 60 472 110 65 12
12 415 92 57 133 61 386 92 53 uu
13 dll 114 72 12 62 390 93 48 12
14 412 91 56 11 63 410 111 57 12
15 477 112 67 12 64 510 122 68 12
} 16 | 494 116 65 12 65 503 120 72 12
17 503 118 65 11 66 485 113 60 12
18 468 116 60 12 67 412 105 51 il
19 512 130 61 il 68 486 116 70 13
} 20 458 112 53 11 69 465 114 68 12
21. | 460 109 63 12 70 460 112 64 12
22 | 488 117 64 12 il 467 114 61 12
23 | 482 115 63 12 72 440 110 66 12
24 473 118 59 12 73 512 125 65 12
25 | 470 118 63 12 74 378 95 46 12
26 490 123 64 12 75 438 103 66 12
27 | 422 117 53 11 76 460 127 57 12
28 470 118 61 11 77 436 110 53 11
29 410 97 53 12 78 370 90 48 11
30 47 117 63 11 79 383 95 50 1
31 486 120 54 11 80 438 110 59 11
32 470 110 62 il 81 550 131 74 12
33 403 91 49 12 82 473 109 66 12
34 462 110 58 13 83 478 114 63 11
35 440 115 58 12 84 427 100 57 11
36 433 112 57 13 85 492 119 72 12
37 458 | lil 61 12 86 430 105 58 12
38 485 122 65 12 87 486 116 67 11
39 482 | 120 58 12 88 545 125 74 11
40 463 116 55 12 89 510 116 66 12
41 492 120 68 12 90 488 123 69 12
42 510 129 63 il 91 476 112 60 11
43 473 109 60 12 92 482 118 64 12
44 458 | 108 55 12 93 440 109 54 11
45 519 124 62 12 94 444 112 68 12
46 473 | 116 63 12 95 413 98 56 12
AT oN Dh a AST 71 11 96 412 98 57 12
48 | 480 110 Hesse: 75 12 || 97 463 120 68 12
49 434 108 | 58 11
e,
Polistotrema deani.
| | | | !
oscs | 485 | 83 | 79 { 11 || og77 | 640 97 ga is cae
| | : are aoe.
pst} 1
2867 -| 520 | 86 73 i a oh BRO. es a0 87 67 | sight
a Not including tentacles.
Polistotrema deani is known from 4 specimens, all in rather poor condition: Two, no. 2866 and 2867,
19 and 21 inches long, respectively, dredged by the Albatross in 1903, in 130 to 193 fathoms at station
4235, in Spacious Bay, Cleveland Peninsula, Alaska; and two, no. 2877 and 2880, 24.5 and 18.5 inches
long, dredged on same date in 229 to 231 fathoms at station 4238, in Behm Canal off Nose Point.
Type no. 57820 U. S. National Museum (field no. 2880), Albatross station 4238 in Behm Canal off
Nose Point, in 229 to 231 fathoms. The three other specimens are cotypes, of which two are deposited
in the U. S. National Museum and one in the Museum of Stanford University.
We take great pleasure in naming this interesting species for Prof. Bashford Dean, of Columbia
University, in recognition of his excellent work ‘‘On the Embryology of Bdellostoma stouti.”’
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. Oe
Family 2. PETROMYZONIDA. The Lampreys.
2. Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner). ;
Four specimens 16 to 18 inches long, collected by Mr. Chamberlain in Naha River near Loring,
June 23, 1903, and a 6-inch specimen seined by him in McDonald Lake, August 24, 1905. Mr. Cham-
berlain reports that lampreys were quite abundant June 22 at the foot of Dorr Falls in Naha stream.
More than 50 were observed attached to the rocks. They were first noticed June 20 and all had dis-
Fig. 2.—Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner).
appeared in a week or ten days. Five males and 5 females were examined. Of the latter all but one
appeared to have done spawning, and it is believed they were there for spawning purposes.
At the Yes Bay hatchery a number of young were caught in the flume which brings water to the
hatchery from a point on the creek below the falls. It is believed that the lamprey spawns among
the rocks at the foot of that falls.
This species was recorded at Unalaska, by Gilbert in 1895.
3. Lampetra aurea (Bean). Lamprey Eel.
This species, originally described from Anvik, Yukon River, and recorded from Fort Yukon by
Bean in 1882 as Ammocetus aureus, was not seen by us. Recorded from Mission, Yukon River (Nelson
1887), as Ammocetus aureus.
Fic. 3.—Lampetra aurea (Bean).
Mr. V. L. Derby, formerly a school-teacher at St. Michael and Point Barrow, in a letter dated
January 19, 1907, furnishes the following interesting note on this species:
In the spring—I believe during the month of April—the eels start up the river in one large school,
presumably to spawn. Iam not enlightened upon this point, but suspect they live in the salt water
through the greater portion of the year and as spawning season draws near they enter the fresh water
streams. Iam in the dark whether they are found in other streams in Alaska besides the Yukon.
As the time approaches for the arrival of the ‘‘snaky” forms, the Indians keep close watch for the
first arrivals. Remember that the great river is covered with ice from 4 to 5 feet in thickness at this
time of the year, and it is no small task for the young boys to keep a number of large holes open and
occasionally dipping with their large dip nets. These nets are also used by the natives to catch salmon
during the running season. Saw several Indians in their kyaks using their dip nets, but during the
ae time I was in sight of them aboard the United States transport did not have the pleasure of seeing
a fish caught.
When the eels are reported as having come, the whole village—men, women, and children—go out
quickly and gather in a harvest of these fish while the school is passing, and when the rear guard has
228 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
safely eluded the last net an Indian boy, swiit on foot, is sent to apprise the villagers above of the coming
eels, and so on, all the way up the river.
In the ‘“‘cut” there looks to be some 15 or 20 bushels of frozen eels. I understand these eels are
exceedingly oily, and if the oil were clarified would make a good oil for painting purposes.
The Indians catch these eels mostly for dog food, but do eat them only when there is a scarcity
of other foods, as they are much stronger flavored than the eels we have in the fresh water streams in
the States.
Family 3. SQUALIDE. The Dogfishes.
4. Squalus sucklii (Girard). Dogjish.
Specimens were secured in gill nets or seine at Nanaimo, Fort Rupert, Union Bay, and Diamond
Point; others were taken on hook and line at Loring, Cleveland Passage, and a single specimen (field no.
3018), 29 inches long, was taken over the rail of the ship at Klawock. A female taken on hook and line in
Cleveland Passage was 44 inches long, weighed 17 pounds, and contained 14 very active young. Each
was about 7.5 inches long, and the yolk sac was very large. Another specimen was taken on hook and
line at Shakan and one at Port McArthur.
Those taken at Nanaimo were secured June 20 in a 54-inch mesh gill net set at the surface on the
south side of the outer harbor. They were four in number, each about 3 feet long, all females with 4, 6,
9, and 9 embryos, respectively. The embryos in those having 9 were each about 9 inches long, those in
the other two were only about 1.5 inches long. Spots on the larger embryos were very plain; no
pigment developed in the smaller ones, except in the eyes.
The dogfish is apparently common throughout Southeast Alaska, where, as elsewhere, it is regarded
with disiavor. At Loring considerable numbers are caught for the oil that is tried out of the liver.
They are taken by means of a gaff hook as they come about the cannery to feed upon the offal.
This species has been recorded (as Squalus acanthias) by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Althorp;
Marmot Island; and Red Bay.
Family 4. SOMNIOSID#. The Sleeper Sharks.
5. Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch). Sleeper Shark.
Two dead examples were seen July 13, 1903, on a mud flat at the Point Highfield cannery, where
they had been leit by the tide. One lying near shore was a female 11 feet long. Skin covered with
short, stiff, hair-like prickles. Examined ior its icetuses, but none found. On the evening of July 14, at
Sunny Bay, Taku Inlet, 2 examples were caught over the rail of the steamer. One took the bait, the
other was accidentaliy hooked in the tail. The latter was a female and gave the following measurements:
Total length 8 feet 2 inches; length of snout to middle of eye 10 inches, to first gill opening 20
inches, to last gill opening 25 inches, to base of pectoral 28 inches, to origin of first dorsal 50 inches,
to spiracle 13.5 inches, diameter of eye 1.5 inches; distance irom front of first dorsal to second dorsal
24 inches, from front of second dorsal to base of caudal 16 inches; length of upper caudal lobe 17.5
inches, lower caudal lobe 13 inches; length of gill slit 3.75 inches; posterior height of second dorsal
6 inches, base 4.5 inches; posterior height of first dorsal 5 inches, base 5 inches; length of pectoral
11 inches, base 13.5 inches; height of ventral 5 inches, base 5.5 inches; girth at base of pectoral 51
inches; greatest girth at upper base of pectoral 52 inches; greatest girth of tail 16 inches, least girth
12.25 inches. Total weight 381 pounds, liver 48 pounds. Ovaries very immature; gall 24 ounces.
Axil to axil over back 28 inches. Color sooty black, a little mottled.
Also recorded from Hassler Harbor (Bean 1884) and St. Michael (Turner 1886). Mr. A. B. Alexander
informs us that the Albatross has taken examples on trawls at various places in Alaska.
Family 5. SQUATINID. The Angel Sharks.
6. Squatina squatina (Linnzus).
One specimen, a female 14 inches long. The locality label has been lost.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 299
Family 6. RAJIDA. The Rays and Skates.
7. Raja binoculata Girard. Big California Skate.
Common. The collection contains the following specimens: No. 2896, a male 10 inches long, from
station 4248, in Eastern Passage near Wrangell; no. 2748, a small male seined at Klawock; no. 2837; no.
2839, a female; no. 2841, a female 21 inches long, from Puget Sound near Port Townsend; no. 2871,
a Pile: six specimens 6 to 13 inches long collected in Puget Sound by Mr. Todd; one (no. 1272) 15.5
inches SAE dredged by the Albatross August 28, 1891, at station 3450, off SWachinetan. Other speci-
mens were dredged at stations 4211, 4214, 4219, 4233, 4192, and in Kilisut Harbor; examples were seen
also at Port Townsend, Nanaimo, Karta Bay, Yes Bay, and Dundas Bay. Two very large examples
were examined at a salmon trap. Both were females, on which the following notes were made:
First Second
| example. | example.
ANTRAL eTa eg Fl = na Ord OS oN Sey ee ee ee ae ee inches. -| 56. 0 51. 00
Wencthrondisks, eyewear ec Ch eee dose 36.5 33. 25
BVVriclith@ be chisce oy Stee) 8 ee oe ee ee eee ee tei GOss-4| 39.5 35.00
MpiotL snout toanmeleor pectoral:: +. 222 -22-- =.= =f 22=2 dose 30. 0 24. 00
Rip ompeccoral Lowbascrortall. 22-2 oe aS 2 eee Sos be OVO Se 24.5 23. 00
WEISh Gs eee re ec ts ck ee PARE eae Soca ae pounds. -| 48.0 32. 00
Mr. Bell, superintendent of the Dundas Bay cannery, says rays are often taken in the salmon
traps, some much larger than these.
At Kilisut Harbor, July 1, two egg capsules were dredged. One was empty, but the other
contained 4 eggs, each about the size of a hen’s egg. The attached embryos were long (each about
3 inches), slender and very squirmy.
No. 2896 is described as follows: Length of disk 1.4 in width; tail 1.3 in length of disk; anterior edge
of pectoral scarcely less than length of disk, one-half greater Eee posterior edge; snout 3 in length of
disk; interorbital width 2.5 in snout; width of mouth equalling interorbital width; disk much broader
than long; anterior margin of pectoral nearly straight, scarcely or not at all convex, the 2 margins form-
ing an angle of 95 to 98 degrees; tip of snout not produced, nor differentiated from general outline;
posterior margin of pectoral gently convex, forming an angle of about 90 degrees with the anterior
margin. Three sharp spines about the eye, 2 in front, the third above and posterior; one strong spine on
median line of back, midway between nostrils and humeral region; tail witha series of 14 stout prickles
beginning at base and extending to first dorsal fin; one small spine between the 2 dorsals; upper part
otherwise entirely smooth and without prickles of any kind; under parts entirely smooth.
Color light brown; a large black spot equal to twice longest diameter of eye at base of pectoral,
surrounded bya broad ring of reddish brown, which in turn is surrounded by a nearly equally broad
black ring; the total diameter of the ocellated spot slightly exceeding the inter-spiracle width; an
obscure brownish spot behind the large ocellated spot slightly greater than eye in diameter; back
protusely covered with small irregularly placed paler spots, those on posterior margin of pectoral oblong.
From typical R. binoculata this specimen differs in the less projecting snout, the coloration, and the
spines. The large spot at the base of the pectoral is that of R. stellulata, but the prickles are less evident.
An examination of our material shows that the males differ from the females in having the snout
blunter and less produced and the pectoral ocellus much larger and. more distinct. It is also evident
that the prickles become more numerous with age. As these variations cover all the differences in
characters assigned to the 3 nominal species R. binoculata Girard, R. rhina Jordan & Gilbert, and R. stellu-
lata Jordan & Gilbert, we are compelled to regard the three as one species. We have compared our
specimens with the types of R. rhina and R. stellulata.
- Recorded by Bean (1882), as Raja binoculata, from the fllowsen localities: Sitka; Port Althorp;
St. Paul, Kodiak Island; and Wrangell. By Gilbert (1895) as Raja stellulata, from Unimak Pass,
Bristol Bay, and along the northern shores of Unalaska Island at stations 3217, 3255, 3258, 3310, and 3312.
Raja binoculata Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 196, San Francisco.
Raja cooperi Girard, Pac. R. R. Surv., 372, 1858, Shoalwater Bay, Washington.
Raja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 133, Monterey.
Raja rhina Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Mat. Mus. 1880, 251, Monterey and San Francisco.
230 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
8. Raja parmifera Bean.
One specimen (no. 2904) 7 inches long, and 4 eggs, dredged at station 4252, in Frederick Sound,
another (no. 3001) 23 inches long, at station 4291, in Shelikof Strait; one (no. 3005) 21 inches long, at
station 4295, in Shelikof Strait; two from station 4280, in Chignik Bay; and two from Alitak Bay. The
latter were both males, and furnished the following notes: First example, length of disk 21 inches; width
24; length of tail 20; snout to angle of pectoral 18; tip of snout to eye 7.5; weight 14 pounds. Second
example, length of disk 28 inches; width 31; tail 24; snout to angle of pectoral 22; tip of snout to eye
9.5; weight 25 pounds. Thirty to 33 spines on median line of back and tail; no marginal row of larger
spines on tail in female; spines on back more numerous and smaller in female; male with two large
humeral spines, female with one; supraoccipital crest more developed in the male.
Originally described by Bean (1882) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Gilbert (1895) records it from Alba-
tross stations 3252, 3259, 3267, 3270, 3272, 3281, 3282, 3292, 3293, 3310, and 3313, all in Bristol Bay.
9. Raja aleutica Gilbert.
No. 1775 (1726), a specimen 33 inches long, collected at station 3602.
Dorsal and caudal fins covered with small prickles; 4 large spines in shoulder region on median line;
after a slight interspace 32 additional spines on median line of back and tail, 2 of the latter being between
the dorsals. The spines are large anteriorly, becoming smaller to the root of the tail, thence larger, as
large as the anterior ones for halflength of tail, whence they grow gradually smaller to tip of tail. Teeth
quite sharp, conical; lateral edges of upper lip fringed; back with small prickles everywhere, except
an area below and behind eyes to below shoulder region, and the edges of pectoral laterally and pos-
teriorly; a row of pores, with short tubes, on each side and just below the first median spine, these
diverging toward each eye, running half the distance from spine to eye, the area about them being free
from prickles; a similar row of pores around the entire margin of the disk and also on each side of the
nasal cartilage; lateral and posterior angles of disk broadly rounded, margin between these angles
gently rounded.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3257, north of Sannak Pass, Aleutian Islands.
10. Raja trachura Gilbert.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of the Shumagin Islands. Not seen by us.
11. Raja abyssicola Gilbert.
Originally described from Albatross station 3342, off Queen Charlotte Island, in 1,588 fathoms.
Family 7. CHIMARIDE. ~ The Chimeras.
12. Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett). Ratfish.
Common. Specimens were caught in gillnet at Nanaimo; one was seined at Port Alexander, and
others were dredged at stations 4191, 4197, 4201, 4215, 4216, 4218, 4219, 4221, 4223, and 4246. Seven
a
Fic. 4.—Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett).
specimens examined are 4.5 to 12 inches long. We have examined another example (no. 2442) 13.5
inches long, dredged by the Albatross April 30, 1901, at station 3790, off Tatoosh Island Light, in 122
fathoms. In this specimen the caudal is produced into a decided filament.
Recorded from Alaska and Alexander Archipelago as Chimera colliei (Bean 1882).
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 931
Family 8. ACIPENSERIDA&. The Sturgeons.
13. Acipenser medirostris Ayres. Green Sturgeon.
According to Mr. J. F. Williams, of Chignik Bay, 2 green sturgeon were caught some years ago
(1897) in the Copper River. Each was about 4 feet long. We were told of one seen in the Columbia
River which weighed 900 pounds.
It is said that years ago San Francisco restaurants served sturgeon steaks as sea bass or sole.
Family 9. CATOSTOMIDA.. The Suckers.
14. Catostomus catostomus (Forster). Long-nosed Sucker; Northern Sucker.
Very abundant in Watson River, near Caribou, Yukon Territory, where 76 specimens 4 to 10.5
inches long were seined July 18 and 19.
Head 4.2; depth 5.5; eye 6; snout 2.2; dorsal 10; anal 7; scales 20-110 to 120-15 to 17, 60 to 65
in front of dorsal; length of pectoral 1.25 in head; ventral 1.6; height of dorsal 1.5. Color in life,
mottled olive; belly somewhat silvery; head brassy; fins all dull orange, the dorsal darker at tip.
oon
me
Ses
ce : :
borkonn) eran yy
Boa
: pee :
Fic. 5.—Catostomus catostomus (Forster).
Compared with specimens from Clear Creek, near Clearmont, Wyo., the Caribou specimens have
considerably smaller scales (the Wyoming specimens having only 90 to 100 in course of lateral line),
and more pointed head, with longer snout.
This species has a wider distribution than any other member of the family. It was described origi-
nally from the Hudson Bay region, and has since been recorded from various localities from New England
westward to the headwaters of the Missouri and the Columbia and northward to Alaska. -It is doubtless
abundant in all suitable waters from the Hudson Bay region west and northwestward. At Great Slave
Lake, on the Yukon, and elsewhere, it is a food fish of considerable importance, especially to the Indians.
An examination of numerous specimens in the present collection indicates that the spawning season at
Caribou is entirely over by July 19.
Recorded from Nulato, Yukon River, as Catostomus longirostris (Bean 1882). Upper Kobuk River
(Townsend 1887). Nulato and Andreafski, Yukon River, and streams flowing into Kotzebue Sound
(Turner 1886).
Cyprinus castostomus Forster, Philos. Trans. for 1773, 155, streams about Hudson Bay.
Catostomus longirostrum Le Sueur, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1817, 102, Vermont.
Catostomus hudsonius Le Sueur, Jour, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1817, 107, Vermont. Gtinther, Cat., vil, 13, 1868.
Catostomus forsterianus Richardson, Franklin’s Journal 1823, 720, Lake Huron and Great Slave Lake.
Catostomus aurora Agassiz, Lake Superior, 360, figs. 3 and 4, 1850, The Pic, Lake Superior.
Catostomus longirostris, Jordan, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xu, 175, 1878 (Nulato, Yukon River; St. Michael’s, Alaska).
Catostomus nanomyzon Mather, Twelfth Rept. N. Y. Fish Comm. 1884, 36, Big Moose Lake, Northern New York.
Family 10. SYNAPHOBRANCHID.
15. Histiobranchus bathybius (Giinther).
One specimen reported by Dr. Gilbert from Bering Sea in 1895 at Albatross station, 3308.
2352) BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Family un. NEMICHTHYID#. The Snipe Eels.
16. Avocettina gilli (Bean).
Originally described from Albatross station 2859, east of Prince of Wales Island, in 1,569 fathoms.
Only the type known.
Fig. 6—Avocettina gilli (Bean).
Family 12. CLUPEID2. The Herrings.
17. Clupea pallasii Cuvier & Valenciennes. California Herring.
The collection contains 64 specimens 2 to 12.5 inches long, from Loring, Marrowstone Point, Kilisut
Harbor, Admiralty Head, Pablof Harbor, Litnik Bay, Cleveland Passage, Port Alexander, and Karluk;
Sitka, collected by Mr. Luttrell in September, 1893; Unalaska, July 2, 1900; Killisnoo, August 21, 1900;
Pyramid Harbor, August 23, 1900; Utsalady, Washington, October 2, 1895; Cordova Bay, Prince of
Wales Island, in 1897; Litnik Bay, August 15, 1900, and Petropaulski, June 20, 1900.
Fic. 7.—Clupea pallasii Cuvier & Valenciennes.
In the seining operations this species was found in abundance at Port Alexander, Kilisut Harbor,
Marrowstone Point (the examples all young), Uyak Bay (adults), Litnik Bay (adults), and Cleveland
Passage (many young, 5 inches long).
It is said to be abundant in Chilkoot Inlet in April and May. Seventy-one examples taken at Uyak
Bay weighed 47.75 pounds, the average weight being therefore 10.76 ounces. The average length was
11.67 inches. The individual weights and lengths are given in the following table:
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, Dae
InpivipuAL LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF SEVENTY-ONE Paciric HERRING (CLUPEA PALLASI), TAKEN
AT Uyak Bay; ALAska, Aucust 4, 1903.
Specimen. | Length. | Weight. Specimen. Length. | Weight. | Specimen. Length. | Weight.
|
|
Inches. | Ounces. Inches. | Ounces. | Inches. | Ounces
pm tie the Ser oe 13.5 12.0 / AD) esse eee 13.0 WZ Oye i amno ease See Lek 12.0 9.0
ae ae ee 12.0 12.0 7d ae ee 12.0 GRoaal|e dO Sone ce 2 3 12.0 9.0
ge Pee Se ee 13.0 12.0 7 (es Se ee eae 12.5 11.0 ees ee 12.0 8.5
CAE ee ee 12.0 AQvom |} B28en 2 ote oes 13.0 13.0 Gy ease: Ee 12.5 10.5
a ene 12.0 TOESS || 295 a= eee 13.5 TASC) otI") so pete pie cee 11.0 7.0
Gere Le |} 125 Pe |= | ee ees 13:5 1S Sead Sees 12.5 12.0
to Ree ee 1355 TES MIE oii le ies Bat 14.0 14.0 Oe is eee 12.0 9.0
OS eae 10.5 Dead tee ee Oeeee | 14.0 14.0 5 amt ae eR 13.5 13.0
Ob ee eee 14.0 LE ie | es > ee ee 13.5 Tals aay ema Ss Reet TT) 7.0
102 22 See Se 12.5 zed ||) GaN ee SE a2 | 13.5 Eee As eee ee 13.0 TES:
Ae oe Se Ee 13.0 One tao seee ee a 12.5 LOAD ea | es Bee ae ee 12.0 8.5
12 u2e sain 13.0 TEEN Pee, ana see 12'5 LOSO 3) RGOE SS Ses 5 | 13.5 OAS
ee ee ds 13.5 16 Soh | ey ee 13.5 Op a Keds oe 1950 9.5
4s 13:5 13.5 Sia teen BE: DO 8 OZ ee ee | 12.5 9.5
TUS). ea areca 1355 DOO A esos osha 1325 13.5 OSHS tees Mal 11.0 io
WG ere 5 2s ee Re 13.5 TAS ati | Pema s oer 22 12.5 10.0 Ty le ae 12.0 9.0
Mfr ee ee 13.0 TCU | pee (ore le 14.0 13.5 GOs 225 See 12.0 8.0
ihc apn ete 13.0 11.5 OL ee arn | 13.0 LON Se HE AGG2 ot 28 502 13.0 13.5
ee cee se 13.0 Arpad AS. 8 es ir «A200 OiGe Wee G7 eu. ee 12.5 8.5
|) See ee 13.0 12.5 2S eeeeea 13.0 iG Gia Re eee 12.0 8.5
De eee 13.5 SSO Nad eae ae 11.5 10.0 O0e- 5.5 ee 10.0 5.0
Does Sek See 12.5 LOS aah AGeee oS PAS 11.0 (Ue ase oe 10.0 6.0
Doe tk SAS 13.5 15.0 Beene cine se 12.5 10.5
DARE pee 11.5 8.0 AS BETS 6 11.5 8.0 ||
The herring is now a fish of considerable and growing importance in Southeast Alaska. It is salted
to some extent at certain of the salmon canneries, and when so prepared is an excellent article of food.
For a number of years great quantities have been used for oil and fertilizer at Killisnoo. Recently it has
come to be in great demand as bait in the halibut fisheries.
According to Mr. Cobb 4, this fish is said to spawn in southeast Alaskain May to July. The grounds are
widely distributed from Howkan to Skagway and through Icy Straits to Cross Sound. After spawning
the fish are said to school out in the deeper water of Frederick Sound and Stephens Passage, and later
reenter the bays to feed. During July and August they are filled with.‘‘red feed,’’ and are then very
difficult to cure. In September and October their food seems to change and they are then in prime condi-
tion. Therunsare usually composed of mixed sizes, although in early summer the sizes are said to be
uniformly small in some places.
The herring is one of the chief articles of food of the king salmon in the winter and spring in certain
parts of Alaska, particularly about Killisnoo, Chilkoot Inlet, and Ketchikan. This was observed during
an unusual run of king slamon, which began about the middle of January, 1905, and continued until May
18. There is usually a large run of herring in Chilkoot Inlet-early in the spring.
Recorded by Bean (1884) from Sitka; Old Sitka; Port Althorp; Port Mulgrave; Chugachik Bay,
Cook Inlet; [liuliuk, Unalaska; St. Michael; and Port Clarence; and (1882) Wrangell. Unalaska and
Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). St. Michael; Unalaska Harbor, and Norton Sound (Nelson 1887). Port
Clarence (Scofield 1899).
a Fisheries of Alaska in 1906, Bureau of Fisheries Document 618, p. 52, 1907. _
234 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
18. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Atlantic Shad.
The shad has extended itsrange far northward. Thecannery at Fairhaven took one about J uly 1,
1903, and the fishermen at Birch Point got about 3,000 in one day. The species has been reported from
Stikine River and in 1904 it was taken at Kasilof, on Cook Inlet.
Fig. 8.—Alosa sapidissima (Wilson).
Family 13. SALMONIDE. The Salmons, Trouts, and Whitefishes.
19. Coregonus kennicotti Milner. Kennicott’s Whitefish.
Two specimens, 6 and 6.25 inches long, were secured at Lake Bennett.
Scales 13-76 to 82-8; gillrakers 5+14 (right), 7+12 (left), rather long and slender, somewhat
blunt tipped, but firmer than in C. quadrilateralis, their length about diameter of pupil.
This species may be readily distinguished from the round whitefish found in the same waters by
the somewhat larger mouth, longer and more numerous gillrakers, larger and much more caducous
scales, and more elevated back.
This species of whitefish is probably common in Lake Bennett, Tagish Arm, Lake Atlin, and other
headwaters of the Yukon. It has been previously recorded from Alaskan localities as follows: Yukon
River at Nulato and St. Michael (Bean 1882), Middle Kobuk River (Townsend 1887), rivers about
Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885), St. Michael (Nelson 1887), and Barter Island near the mouth of the
Mackenzie River (Scofield 1899).
20. Coregonus quadrilateralis Richardson. Round Whitefish.
Twenty-five specimens, 3.75 to 11.5inches long, seined in Lake Bennett, and 4 at Caribou Crossing.
Scales 10-95 to 100-8; gillrakers very short and weak, about 7++10.
This is apparently the most abundant species of whitefish in the headwaters of the Yukon. The
young were very abundant in Lake Bennett, where many examples were seined in shallow water. It
appeared to be less common at Caribou Crossing.
One large example was obtained, August 5, by Dr. Gilbert in Wood River at the upper trap.
Gillrakers 6+8 and 8+10, short, blunt, and weak; scales 10-101-8.
Color in life, light olive; scales darker edged, sides silvery; 13 diffuse, roundish, dusky blue spots
along lateral line and 2 or 3 above it posteriorly; vestiges of parr-marks; upper fins very slightly red-
dish olive, lower bright creamy orange; opercle and shoulder bar creamy orange. |
At Caribou Crossing this whitefish is of considerable importance as a food fish. The principal
supply is said to come from Lake Atlin, where it is caught in winter as well as at other seasons. It
is doubtless common in all suitable waters in the Yukon Basin.
This species has previously been recorded from the following Alaskan localities: Yukon River at
Nulato and Fort Yukon (Bean 1882); Yukon River at Nulato and Unalakleet River (Nelson 1887); and
Yukon River at Fort Yukon (Turner 1886).
Bull. U.S. B F. 1906.
ARGYROSOMUS ALASCANUS SCOFIELD. TYPE.
ile
PLATE XIV.
TWYAPI a
2. OSMERUS ALBATROSSIS JORDAN & GILBERT.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 935
21. Coregonus nelsoni Bean. Nelson’s Whitejish.
We have a single specimen, no. 2927, 12 inches long, collected in Lake Bennett, British Columbia,
July 20, 1903.
Originally described by Bean (1884) from Nulato, and since recorded from Middle Kobuk River
(Townsend 1887), Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885), Nulato and Andreafski, Yukon River (Nelson 1887),
and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899).
22. Argyrosomus pusillus (Bean). Least Whitefish.
Six specimens, 9.75 to 10.5 inches long, obtained at Caribou Crossing, and 8 specimens, 4.5 to 10
inches long, seined in Lake Bennett. The 4.5-inch Lake Bennett specimen is described as follows:
Head 4.67 in body; depth 5.5; eye 3.75 in head; dorsal 10; anal 12; ventral 11; scales 10-90-8.
Body rather elongate, compressed; mouth oblique, gape rather small, extending back about half
the length of the maxillaries; lower jaw considerably projecting; maxillary broad, somewhat curved,
not extending much beyond the anterior margin of orbit, its length 3.13 in head; mandible long, reach-
ing to below middle of pupil, 2.3 in head; teeth almost microscopic, in both jaws, none on tongue; gill-
rakers long, slender, and numerous, 10+26 and 13+28; dorsal high, its longest ray (about the third)
about 1.3 in head and about twice length of base; base of dorsal 2.5 in head; dorsal rays shortening
rapidly after third and fourth, leaving the margin of the fin very slightly concave; insertion of dorsal
midway between tip of snout and a point about half way between adipose and caudal fins; caudal large,
equally forked, both lobes and indentation acutish; anal low, its longest ray 2.25 in head, its base 2 in
head, its posterior margin slightly concave; ventrals inserted somewhat behind origin of dorsal, reach-
ing about two-thirds distance to origin of anal, the length of their longest rays about 1.3 in head; pectoral
equaling ventral. .
Bluish above, with minute black punctulations; sides below lateral line and a short distance above,
silvery, belly white; dorsal and caudal almost imperceptibly dusky; other fins wholly plain; iris sil-
very, a narrow blackish ring about the orbit, plainest above and below.
This little fresh-water herring is probably not so abundant ia the Yukon basin as the two preceding
species.
The species was originally described by Bean (1889) as Coregonus pusillus from Kuwuk (Kobuk)
River. He had previously recorded it in Cruise of the Corwin (1889) as Coregonus merckii var., from
Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound. It has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from St. Michael and
northern Alaska; by Nelson (1887) from Andreafski, Yukon River, and by Scofield (1899) from Grantley
Harbor and Barter Island near the mouth of the Mackenzie River.
23. Argyrosomus laurettz (Bean).
Originally described by Bean (1882) as Coregonus laurette from Point Barrow and Port Clarence,
and recorded by him also from the Yukon River at Nulato. Other records are as follows: Yukon River
at Nulato (Nelson 1887); Meade and Kuaru rivers and Elson Bay (Murdoch 1885); and Nushagak and
Naknek rivers (Gilbert 1895).
24. Argyrosomus lucidus (Richardson).
The only record for this species is Hershel Island (Scofield 1899).
25. Argyrosomus alascanus Scofield. (Pl. xtv, fig. 1.)
Originally described from Point Hope and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899); not yet known from
any other place.
236 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
26. Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson). Jnconnuw.
Although no specimens were obtained by us, this species is known to occur in the headwaters of
the Yukon. It has been reported to us by Messrs. Osgood and Maddren, who saw it in the Yukon in
1900. Mr. Presnell, of Chignik Bay, says that he saw an example 10 inches long at Eagle City in 1898
which had been taken through an air hole in the ice, and he thinks he saw another, weighing 3 or 4
pounds, on Forty-mile Creek.
SS
SS
SS
SS
SS
2S
sas
SS
Fic. 9.—Stenodus mackenzii (Richardson).
Townsend (1887) records one specimen taken in the Middle Klawak (Kobuk) in August, 1885;
Nelson (1887) records it from the Yukon at Nulato, Kotlik, and Andreafski; Turner (1886), from St.
Michaels; and Scofield (1899) from the Mackenzie River.
27. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Humpback Salmon; Pink Salmon. (Pl. xx1mI—xxvI.)
The humpback salmon is the most abundant salmon in Alaskan waters. It exists in millions,
swarming everywhere along the shores and in waters near the sea, in streams, brooks, lakes, swamps,
and brackish lagoons—in fact, in all places where fresh water, however little, may be found. It is
ordinarily not found far from shore, and does not run up the streams for great distances. It does not
frequent the larger rivers, and is therefore almost unknown in the Sacramento and Columbia, and even
in the Fraser; but in the smaller streams it is found practically everywhere from California to Bering
Sea, wherever a stream of fresh water, however small, enters the sea. Dr. Bean records it from
Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island; also from Colville River. Townsend (July 2
to August 25, 1885) found it in the Middle Kobuk River; not more than a half dozen individuals were
seen, however, among the large numbers of fishes examined at every village of natives. Scofield (1899)
found this species at Port Clarence about the middle of July, at which time it was beginning to run up
the river back of the inner harbor. Gilbert (1895) says:
The humpback salmon was seen by us at Port Moller on the northern side of the Alaskan Peninsula,
during two visits, which included the first two weeks and the last week of July, 1890. During the first
part of this month they were running in small numbers, and, as a few scattered ones only had been taken
at Unalaska up to June 16, 1890, it is safe to indicate the first of July as the beginning of their appearance
on that part of the coast. In the early part of their run they proved a very acceptable fish, but later
they rapidly deteriorated. On our return to Unalaska, July 31, 1890, we learned that they had been
running for several weeks, and during several visits in the month of August they were found in incredible
numbers crowding into the mouths of the small streams which flow into Captains Harbor. Both pools
and shallows seemed full of them and large numbers were dying within a few hundred yards of the
beach. The spawning season appeared to begin early in August. ,
According to Murdoch (1885), humpback salmon occur sparingly at Perignak, Elson Bay. Nelson
(1887) states that the run at St. Michael begins about the middle of June and that the fish continue
rather numerous until the end of July. They were seen in abundance at all places visited by us in
July and August. On July 8 some were taken in a gillnet in Yes Bay. At Klawak they are plentiful
and unusually large, running about 14 to the case in canning. Usually 20 to the case is a fair average,
though they often run as small as 25 to 30 to the case.
At Afognak Falls, August 3, humpback salmon were found running in great numbers; they were
seen in all parts of the stream below the falls, some jumping, others in the water often with their fins
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 937
sticking out. The falls are in several parts, three being of considerable height, and with quieter water
between. The upper or main fall is far more serious, and the salmon make many unsuccessful attempts
to ascend it. The lip of the fall is very irregular and broken in many places, and at different levels
are found pools or corners with less turbulent water where the fish can rest on their way up.
Just below this fall is a large relatively quiet pool extending the full width of the stream and perhaps
100 feet down the stream. This pool was literally packed with salmon; they seemed to be lying nearly
as Close together as possible and there must have been many thousands cf them. Nearly or quite all of
them, unless disturbed, lay with their heads upstream. They were all restless and seemed to be moving
about more or less, usually trying to get nearer the fall—some pushing upward to the edge of rough water,
then jumping wildly, sometimes gaining a little, but more often hitting the bank or some projecting rock
or swift water and gaining nothing. Immediately under the fall they were jumping all the time. During
the hour of observation there was scarcely a moment when one or more salmon could not be seen in the
air or making their way against the nearly vertical current. The vantage ground from which they
started was not good and the jumping appeared to be aimless and at random. Often they would jump
straight up when some distance below the fall, frequently the wrong way, sometimes even downstream;
sometimes striking the bank or a projecting rock, to be thrown back into the water, only to try the leap
again. Occasionally a salmon which had reached the foot of a descending sheet of water would, with
better judgment, jump toward the sheet and perhaps strike part of the way up, where it would maintain
itself for a moment, perhaps advancing a short distance, but finally losing, to be carried or dashed, some-
times sidewise, sometimes headforemost, back into the pool below. During all the time of observation
by the authors not a single salmon was seen to make the fall, but others of the party saw some succeed,
and in the stream above the falls were seen several salmon that of course had gotten over. Into one pool
easy of access, at the foot of the fall and containing as many salmon as it could possibly hold, one of
us put his hand to lift a salmon out. By closing the hand over the gills it was possible to hold on to the
fish without any difficulty, and so long as this succeeded the other fish took no alarm, but when one
escaped it and all the others scurried down the falls in the most reckless way.
The entire stream from the falls to its mouth was well filled with salmon. Nearly all appeared to
be humpbacks, although there were evidently a few sockeyes among them. Nearly all of both species
were fresh from the sea and apparently in excellent condition.
In many places humpback salmon were seen jumping, in bays, passages and river mouths. At
Sitka (August 20) boys were seen gaffing them in Indian River near its mouth. The males were greatly
humped. All reports were to the effect that the run in the streams near Sitka was unusually large in
1903. The same was true at Killisnoo. We often saw humpback salmon along the shore where the only
fresh water was seepage through the sand and gravel. They would often throw themselves out on the
beach in their efforts to reach fresh water. Humpbacks are said to occur in the Yukon in July and
August, though in limited numbers. We seined large numbers on July 25 at Pablof Bay, southeast
Alaska; also at Sitkoh Bay, July 26. The species was noted also in Silver Creek near Sitka, July 29.
Fry 1.3 inches long were taken May 22 with a lot of coho fry in sloughs or little pools along the Karluk
River near its source.
The run of humpbacks extends, perhaps, through a longer period than that of any other species. In
Southeast Alaska it begins in June and continues until September or even later in some places. North-
ward the period is somewhat shorter. On Puget Sound and southward it is more prolonged and
continues late in the fall. As already stated, the humpback salmon as a rule do not ascend streams to
great distances. If they enter large rivers at all they are apt to run into the first small tributary stream
which they reach. They prefer, however, the smaller coastal streams, and are therefore not often seen
in numbers at any distance from the sea.
They are quite persistent, and, in a measure, successful in their efforts to ascend streams in which
considerable falls occur. Observations similar to those on their attempts to ascend Afognak Falls were
made at Pablof Falls July 25, and at Dorr Falls, Naha Stream, August 30, and indicate that the hump-
back jumps quite as well as any of the other species of salmon. Where the water conditions—depth,
current, width, etc.—are favorable it can probably make a vertical jump of 10 feet, but to ascend a fall
with that vertical height frequent attempts would probably be made before success was attained, as the
jumping appears to be more or lessat random. It is perfectly evident that the salmon does not select a
particular point on or near the lip of the falls where it proposes to strike; it simply jumps aimlessly,
and sooner or later strikes the fall at a place where it is able to maintain itself and from which it can
ascend into more quiet water above the falls.
238 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Unlike the sockeye, this salmon does not refuse to enter streams which have no lakes in their head-
waters. It seems to be entirely indifferent as regards this stream character; it selects its spawning beds
in streams with or without lakes in their course. If in a stream with lakes, the beds may be in the stream
above the lake, below the lake, or even in the lake itself. If there be one essential feature, aside from
temperature, it is probably that the stream must be a relatively small one.
The humpback is the smallest of the 5 species of Pacific coast salmon. The results of a large number
of measurements and weights are shown in the table which follows:
LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS oF HuMPBACK SALMON.
Num-— Length. | Weight. Average for all.
SS SEPT OE exam: || maxi | Mima) aver Me au eee : a
ined. | mum. |} mum.| age. | mum. | mum. | age. ength. | Weight.
Inches.| Inches.| Inches.| Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. | Inches. | Pounds.
Shipley Bay (Aug. 24)..-.-------2----. { 30/ $ | 2375| 195 |2220 | ae] 200| 55 |b 224 | 3.77
Bear Eeeber 2s { %| § | 3423) isas| ser | Er 300) 3ir3 if 28-25 | 4.00
Port Ellis, Home Stearn (Aug. 22)....-f ee g een a ag ae ted Sen a \ 22.33 4.06
Sukkwan (AUg. 28) ..------------ ooo { 59| $ | 2375| tool are | £s)| 3:50| Sas ff 2213 | 3.93
Hunter Bay (Ang. 28)...-.-.-.-.-.-.-.. { 6 | $ | 25:00) 19:5 | 9243 | 600| 25 | aos [ft 209 | 462
Funter Bay (July 28)....-------2------ ‘Gxt a en ened eee eee PUL a PALES Rie nicl
DO.-2 2.0 2ee-cecececececeeeceseenees ieee ee eonuiee ieee Slsac e oa | earns
Yakutat (Aug. 18)...------0- 2-2-2. { 7] $ | 35:00} 21:00] 22:3 | 5:00] 3.00] 414 |} 2800) 4.64
Litnik Bay (Aug. 8).-.0--20-2---2--- eee Mae ewan nme ye eon
Rlawak... 222.2222 eeececececes coon 1 9f| $ | 3500] 20:00] 23:01 | 6:00| 200| 439 |f 2878 | 4.84
Cleveland Passage (July 13)-.....-...-- { FES Gao | Sbcuo ae Re ees ea ant lea cee eet | gece
Yes Bay (July 17)...-..--.2--------- Nea Wiss ee eerie ea 6.9
Kegan (Aug. 16)...--2--2-2-2-22-2-2-- eer eames (e tt) Coc | eo 47
Nowiskay (Aug. 19) .-.----------20----5 Ne eee ee ee pe 47
Quadra (Aug. 6)... 2-2. eens Namrata Puaied ee ecuaeeay Uc ie yc eeene 5.2
Karta (July 26)... -.-----.ee-- een (esti ree resem eho ies) 47
Karta (Aug. 2, 1904)... ---.---------, Were ice ct seteccea pe re race rivet eee 4.55
Scowl Arm (AUg.2)-.-----2-2-2-2-2---1 ier ha ene eee emiage Persie | ele 47
Wicd iver (ruy 10) i... a eee { 4) g [REBB719007"B1-068") 25] 200) 2.375) so or] o.5as
Nushagak River (July 22).............. { Ma g a oe roe on a ee ae xa 21.004 3. 809
}
Three dozen humpback salmon (both sexes) were weighed at the cannery at Wrangell, July 13.
The average weight was 5.8 pounds, the average length 24 inches. At the cannery of the Thlinket
Packing and Trading Company, July 23, 30 fish (both sexes) gave an average weight of 4.2 pounds
and an average length of 24.46 inches.
_A male humpback taken in a gillnet in Yes Bay, July 9, was 25 inches long and weighed 7 pounds.
From the above (omitting those weighed in 1903 and 1904 by Mr. Chamberlain, for which the
lengths are not given) it appears that the largest male humpback examined was 27 inches in total length
and that the maximum weight was 8 pounds. The smallest male was 19 inches long and the minimum
weight 2 pounds. The largest female was 25 inches long and the heaviest weighed 5.5 pounds. The
smallest female was 17 inches long and the minimum weight was 2 pounds. The average of 341 males
was in length, 23.19 inches, in weight 4.3 pounds; of 441 females, length 22.59 inches, weight 4 pounds.
The average length of the 782 fish (both sexes) was 22.64 inches, and the average weight 4.13 pounds.
The examples weighed by Mr. Chamberlain at various places in 1903 and 1904 appear to be somewhat
heavier than those examined by us. The 11.5-pound male weighed by him at Yes Bay, July 17, is 3.5
pounds heavier than any examined by us. And the heaviest female (7.5 pounds) examined by him
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 239
was 2.5 pounds heavier than the heaviest weighed by us. The average weight of 1,597 fish (782 weighed
by us, 815 by Mr. Chamberlain) was 5.25 pounds. The Yes Bay humpbacks appear to be heavier
than any others.
An examination of these figures and the detailed data on which they are based does not, however,
indicate that any geographic races can be recognized. While the averages for the different streams
show considerable differences in some instances, the individuals from any one stream lack homogeneity
and show a range of variation in length and weight great enough to include that of the different streams.
The humpback salmon is known to the Russians as gorbuscha and to the trade as pink salmon.
Not until recently in the history of the salmon-canning industry has it been utilized. Its flesh is pale
or pink in color, less firm in texture, and with less of the salmon fiavor characteristic of the sockeye
and chinook. For these reasons canners were slow to utilize it. A few years ago, however, a number
of enterprising canners began putting up this species under the name of pink salmon and during the
last five or six years the industry has developed enormously. The pack of many canneries which
originally put up nothing but reds consists now largely, in some cases almost wholly, of pinks. Many
canneries which at first utilized the humpbacks only at the end of the season in order to make up their
guaranty are now canning them whenever they can get them.
Although as a canned product not ranking as high as the red, the king, or the coho, pink salmon
is a delicious article, palatable, very nutritious, and thoroughly wholesome in every way. As a food
product its place is now established and in the future it will only increase in popularity. When fresh
and directly from the sea it is, next to the king, generally regarded as the best of all the salmons as
a fresh fish. Asa salted fish also it ranks high, and salted humpback bellies are esteemed a great
delicacy. This fish, however, does not keep well in the fresh state, the flesh becoming soft soon after
the fish is taken out of the water and becoming tainted in forty-eight hours or less, even in the cool
climate of Alaska. By the time the fish has reached the spawning beds or even the mouths of the
rivers, its flesh has lost most of the oil it had and is then almost worthless as food. Only when caught
some time before it would have entered the streams is it fit for food.
The catch of humpbacks in 1906 was second in value only to the red salmon. In that year the
total number of humpback salmon utilized in the Alaskan fisheries, as given by the Alaska salmon
agents, was 7,707,999. The bulk of these were canned, though many were utilized in other ways,
as fresh, salted, etc. Reducing the entire catch to the basis of canned salmon, the total. product
for 1906 equaled 357,428 cases which, at average current prices, was valued at $1,061,463.
THe BEGINNING AND ENDING OF CoMMERCIAL FISHING FoR HumMPpBACK SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
STATIONS IN ALAsKA, 1900 anp 1904-1906.
Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself;
in many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in order more clearly to
locate the streams. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the
fish may have been running for some time before the cannery men were able to fish the stream, and the pack may have
been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run.
|
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
Waters. ’ Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
_ began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
Bering Sea. |
INS 2 alls Aye ee ere ree ee See SS a ees lee June 8} Aug. 6/ June 19 | June 30 | June 16; Aug. 4
WOO EU IV.C Tiers tore see Oo Maire Re ae a Gate Neocon cee a Oe eS eet meen ne ea ane eh |e erga July —
IRS yICH ABR eTe: ae soe te ieee ee July 15} July 25 | June 21 | Aug. 5/ June 26} July 26 | June 20 | Aug. 7
INaikeiekehInviererc ees Sh oc aia aoe 3 See 3 July 23 | July 28 | July 1} Aug. 2/ June 14} July 30 | June 21! July 31
Central Alaska. | |
Chignik Lagoon and River..............--- lehtikyieg 2a) Ne 19. hme nt Onl Auger $4 ate ey | |
Koga kelislia cise Kecprl lene 20 oo oa eee sale bins es <isellncesess soe Talkhy Ag) dial; Ade ts eas allbseake doer sateeeeees |
Copksinilet (easiloh) 2 22 oe es Sess ese ese ak SG easel ree epee cree |e ut [a I a Ee AUS: Sih Alone
Prince Waltiam Sound: Cordova. Bay . .. 02-|-2-h<-.4s-|-<. 054-002 Seihiye ee2i | nithye Sale eee [seen case Sta oe os
Southeast Alaska.
Mokubtate bay; Ebumppaek Creek 2.25.2. -2|o.2222. ee) 02. ones oe Aone Anos 20) roulby 260)" Alo. °S 2s. 22 oes.
SU GUIS VEEP ER BRS SE eee es a mi a ee ee et cea \ereeietn ve July 15 | July 30| July 14| Aug. 10) July 5/| Aug. 11
Jil SEN eas eee ee ee eS ee om pyre nlgee2O, Numee | Ue sie eee ee J edOssn| suly ot
240
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Tyr BEGINNING AND ENDING oF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR HuMPBACK SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
StratTions In AxtasKa, 1900 anp 1904-1906—Continued.
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
Waters. See ae. ree ee are Be Ae ae
Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
Amkaslougp® 55. 2 os Poe a3 Use Wi ee A pel ae cd he Pee July 13 | July 27 | July 26| Aug. 8|....do...) Aug. 9
A DEW RTGOT. cae oo eee ie Pea Be colo eee Se a Fdow ss Aion 17 [No |run.] July 10 Do.
Sure Bay. Yakobi tslandis 232 2 Sasso fs sap ae a | Oe Se oo ere ree July 25} Aug. 20} July 25| Aug. 11
Takams Bay, Yakobi (sland. 25.1 2325 Se Ieee sce sale See eos he ecotuse | cee eee ese July 20} Aug. 27| Aug. 3] Aug. 3
Cape- Edward, off Chichagon Uslamdis 2 25-2 |S as pee | ee eer se aa ee ATI AN Ao el ase
Portiock Harbor, Chichagof Islamd -...-¢ 25 ea. see Se ee ee Aug. 10 | Aug. 10} Aug. 25 | Aug. 25
Cross Sound:
Soapstone Point, Yakobi Island’! Po. jsp tes | ee See See el ee Ajwils, ah lig ee ore alee ee
jaganske Siaatte: oes Me oS ee oe Fe me bene ene Pr ee ne ie ge July 28| Aug. 3] July 25/| Aug. 7
Port Althorpe; Chichagsot Istard 2 soe 2 2\ ees ere ay ee ee eee Aad he CVG 4 soap eee | seeeee eae
James Bay .C@))\4% <3 Sos 2 Le gs eee | ep takes ASEH 1S ror UReee es oh hen | ater re ae Fe =COe Sel soialiyne 2a a he oe
Keehtakeene (2) =o 52-292 ee fic he clea Sal wie ee ore cert ge a Aug. 4] Aug. 13] July 25) Aug. 13
Icy Strait:
Ppa Bayo. oo 8 oe So Pe ee eg PE Se ee pg a ge Silly: 24) Sly C2 Ae ee
Glacier Bay—
BE CLOD GB yi hac 5 SS 2 eer etre al ee eT el eee SW oe leet eee a ie pees July 29] July 29} July 17 | July 28
Pleasant, Uslimd <: 3.)- 2 S-25 2a Dae ee oa a July 1) Aug. 24} June 22} Sept.14] July 12} Sept. 6
bynn Canale &. 255.20 2. bt Es Se ere te ee Abbas teat are\s] OTN Wave! ee aN eet Ale | June 26 | Sept. 22
Chilkoet Thiet: and Ribyer Seles seed eee cee JUNCv— | SSOP Ee | aes ee =e ee [eee eae
Briple Rivers. 25.2202 ee net Serenata etiam = el ee ee earn ee eee eee July 15 | Sept.15 | June 21 | Aug. 22
PeOMPATDOLE S22 22s. hed Se Weenies eae ee (ed Ren aU ee Daliyae Ua SO PGS pais [eyes ee aa ae I are
Sens COve® 2 22 22 23 sa ne sae ee ae ee etree arr a a| se -cP aee eeae e Jilly Sepia dots
Point Vowisa 2. os $52 F222 tee eos See ee es Se SEE Le eek ee | eae do. Rd Oss Aes eee
Ang Bayo ce 2 Sos See es eae = Es ee iene ee A GSS June 25 | Sept. 7 |....do- 1 Oa nla Bern ee 8
Chatham Strait:
Funter Bay, Admiralty Island..-..-..-- EMS ate oll Oe. ees June 1/] Sept.15| July 3) Sept.16| June 21 Do.
Basket Bay, Chicarzoilsland: Geass eine. pont Aer ee Pull aL Drea A eRe rs eel ee sie nia | ees eee
Wat. bay Chicagoristand:: Wes sree ema ens Sone a ea italy: B25 | Ase) | ea oe Wen eee 2 Eee Rie Rat ae
Wintevock; Chicago aisha Gis: a 5 cee tee ene 5 eel ae ae eee sel do. LO gor el Saige ss acl A ira a eckere I
SitkohuBay, Chicazor Islander se ease | eee ees |e eee eSetallig 2 1) Avr: SOA py hcl cea OC pak mate van ARE
Peril Strait, Rodman Bay, Baranof
sland 26 222 Boor Baas: Deere Sens | Rees epee BD a and Oy Pe 0 LO eearpal ean ewe ee Apr 2 Ee eee
Bay or Pillars. J 263 js2c 2. estes oe a ees Bee | ee sere cre] ae eons | eee ee itil; 256) Ane 20 eee
North: Arm.) Kad dsland zis. 4 Sol shee eral ate Seep = Speen teagan eae Fa July 25 | Aug. 30
South Arm, Kuiu Island......_.... Jraliy 5) AMIS OST NV Ace Loo se Ele Scie es are ee an een en leo dow. Do.
St. Michael Bay: Kuin Bay, Kanw Island |i loos ee 2 eS July 20) Aug. 1} July 25] Aug. 15| July 20 Do.
Stephens Passages oss Lote ee omen ee poe hee cel eee cee a FUME 25) | SOL pve all liypee la eel Oyen eee cena
Rakudvlet se Sse steee eee 52 ees Pee SOUS ales Be ae Jay A alos ecdow WEAO fete eee e eee
Port Snetbisham 22 eke pst eae sees July 25| Aug. 16) July 4] Aug. e-doz GOS ele meee ee
Seymour Canals] 2 fo. 0. ae eee eae cse | cies || sete ee ae Ui sitpes Se |Raen 00 teas ea eerie | aaa eee os June — | Aug. —
Pleasant: Bay, Admiralty Usland2: 23 222 ato ale ee TY ZO SINS Sp Gales eset ease ee ines ee eet og
Frederick Sound:
Saginaw bay, Kt dslaaid se. ii een a oe ey ei eV ee ee Ik on ag July 23 | Aug. 27
Portage Bay, Kupreanof Island...-.... | epee Meena scene oe 2 aie ART POM ARTO ii Ree ate oe. | fel es eae | eee ee
Cleveland Passage. 222.525 22. S252 eee 8 eee ee |e mee Seen See aL el gees he Ne Ae ea CSE oes July 17 Do.
Wrangell Strait: '
Petersburg Creek, Mitkot Island. 22.200) 05222 Sh oe| eer: 22 July 23.4 Aug. 22) July 15| Aug. 31] July 10} Aug. 28
Blind Pom; Mitkor Uslamds (2s 22 528" en EE ce Al ee ys ee | (eee July 1) Oct. 1| Aug. 14 Do.
Duncan Canal toupreanot Usland: 22s) 26| 3 sa. ee ees 2 July 26| Aug. 25 | July 16] Sept. 6| July 23 | Aug. 25
Sea Otter Sound: Fokhini Stream, Kosci- |
UISKO “SLAM ese emcee ge ee Pay Se ae oe erent ee eet BR = Pinch Sn) KAS oR de Me AP | Be he Aug. 4] Sept. 9
Tohigenis Bay Warm Chuck) Meceta islands; Smee Ale tes ok pe ak peace ee ee re Sept. 3] Sept. 5
Tonowek Bay: |
Sarkar, prince: ol Wales Usbar die © sles ol ee yee pec ice |i es ns Uh a Te ee eae Appi kyaalisy |} Lubes Skee So eee
Nahakay, Prince of Wales Island-.....- inna, Nera amare! (Oe tac el ou meal nd Wma dia as | hae Avice 5 Aug. 8 | Aug. 24
Gulf of Esquibel: Shineha Creek, Prince of |
WtlesiNelair’s sofa cones aie Bist eee een ace en ee ees a AEE Bel ACTOR pay ee ae ee Es ete ; Aug. 1} Aug. 9
San Alberto Bay:
Klawak Inlet, Prince of Wales Island..| July 16| Aug. 27} Aug. 1] Aug. 26| July 29/] Aug. 29 | July 24] Sept. 1
Big arbor, Princeiot Wales Island. Soe io aan. eh os tear [eens Skee eater eae pal ogee Aas eee eee ee Ed One. Do.
Tlevak Strait: Skookum Chuck............ ENN (Re eins ee Js a reg eh LE fe oe Mie ee ls eee ee eee Soe Aug. 8| Sept. 3
Cordova Bay: Hetta, Prince of Wales |
Asiande 355 ae see ee ee eS a a. BAN ihc retain re em an Tc teem eras SCS July 24] Sept. 1
Sumner Strait:
Shipley Bay) Ioestrusko leland ot cee ee inchs re ee or ee Ns erat eh ye tae July 27 | Aug. 31
Shakan Bay, Prince of Wales Island : ..|.3. sc :cca-fess- Soe Sak eee ee RL ed cece eae eee em) eer
Caider and Elcopdam Bay, Prince of
Wealeseisland: 5 5 2327 ook re ee Shc aa see | eee ee ape ene a carr ae ne nea July 27 Do.
Hole-in-the-Wall, Prince of Wales |
Vealarad soe ee eos Foo aida ale tcc aoe PPS Loe oe et Soe Tear Ce |e eae eee ae July 30 | Aug. 23
Seclusion Harbor, wan island 235 2) seis ceels aes oe oe Sept... 1¢| Sept." (8/22 02-.33 see eee ees
Point Barrie Stream, Kupreanof Island.|..........|.-...-.--- July 19} Aug. 24] July 14] Aug. 28| July 15 Do.
Totem Bay, KWuprednon tslaude e252) 5e.ce ee loki sa ele |) Aug. 12| Sept. 6) Aug. 25] Aug. 25| Aug. 17| Aug. 24
Red Bay, Piuce ot Wisies isisind.. 32 Pan. late ee So July 23 | Aug. 28| July 2)| Sept. 3) July 25] Aug. 31
Blind Slough, Kupreanof Island.......|..-.-.2-.-|...-....-- Sept. 1.) Septs 4u). 0.250... seen so ee
Stikine iver o.222 eee soa ete a ee al als eee sees Seo le ne eee July 23 | Aug. 25| July 9) Aug. 4
Zimovia Strait:
Olive Bay, Efolin Wslande soe seese oe - al ose see ee ae July 25} Aug. 1/ July 12) July 28) July 20] Aug. 1
Thoms (Old Village) Stream, Wrangell
Telatide oy. t eee ee eee oe Ag. JAMES 18 ols cols oe mek aie ater nen area oe ance Sept. 1
Sept. 3
THE FISHES
OF ALASKA,
STATIONS IN ALASKA, 1900 anv 1904—1906—Continued.
241
THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF CoMMERCIAL FisHING FoR HumpBAck SALMON at VARIOUS FISHING
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
Waters ae Bisa ae Bias Aah ERS, | pessoa 7 eis
Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
Clarence Strait:
Salmon, Bay, Prince of WalesIsland)..\2:1-. 22 -)222..-4..- July 25} Aug. 13 | July 9] Sept. 6| June 15| Sept. 4
Eagle Creek, Prince of Wales Island....|......---.|--.---.----|---- do. SCDia aa Glivyemalal Seb laleee don. Do.
WihalesPassare Prince ot Walesmislamd: Se. a7 sette lean cre ero cess = Se oa clinwee eee coc] ao. do. Septen so) |-s2-dor Sept. 10
Make Bag viernes on Wales lslyme mts alen ss eee Alle | as Bod) iaes i'r. qe eee aif se doze Sept. i322. sdo-..|\ Sept. 4
CoftmaniCove yenince ol WWialesplis leapt |e peyert ay yep sie re alate ete ee ealolafere| stare) siolicye enim anys cieteis alee Se sce ee sels = do. Do.
Valdemar Bay, Prineeof Walesisland. |): 2). 2....|).2.2. 2... PAIS U2 Al PASE RAY Eee 2 EE pees see ee a 2
Steamer (Bay. mbolum sland 55.2. 22-22 [eens lesen ects = Oe Ale CANES. oO ls te eek Ns ie eat ly Imei ks
Rocky an. Puolmellslamdl a jo. cece et wane eto ks ne wn July 27 | Sept.10| July 19| Aug. 8] June 15| Sept. 4
Rieter ponwernece or Walesiislandec|c anes s2s|e 20s. ease |e... Js2- 22] see aeee see July Scepter is |e adoz Do.
Ernest Sound—
Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula. --|...---..--|.--------- Aug. 1] Aug. 8| Sept. 2| Sept. 4| July 17/ Aug. 14
Wixenmzoimntselevelandwikenins tilajse| 5555. ellis wee bere | te Me) cicicllsmeeanerese| des cee emse| oe eeined July 8/ Aug. 26
rollin Cove, IiOlin US eaimnel() Roe él Seeoeesded | Sranesess.] Sasa onoese | Saeeasea ss Seekers eases nise Aug. 25 | Aug. 30
Menieicerinilerr Ee ouummlslatidige ts: SPM abe Serta Smee Nes Ie ek sels ede eeslised secon alee steeds: July 25| Aug. 5
Santa Anna Bay, Cleveland Penin-
SU) epee ee epee er Sere fen nice rash ro Mare nila a lena, sla ararsia,al|lsetaiaie ete lame eee dale Sse ls a2 dyleldaaide See Aug. 27 | Aug. 27
Romp Warde, Cleveland Reninsulay | 2020 .i2)-|2 ee eee ce oe |b wa sfane se sc aia ec June 27 | July 28
AmaniCreclk Clovelandseninsilasselcncecacee olen stoae cole cee cece cle cesmetce | ceset sce cilsciesese oc June 15] Sept. 4
Michie COVEN Glee orien ei prema ae al selare, ea lete alll teeveietait satan a ate steulllelenist2 eles |eie baw eke aete| Seach s Sood July 14 ug. 30
Meversiotream Cleveland renminsilans 2 isi Set ei cle ce cleee SNecin eae e clots Sew wie fecie ee owe nn Sept.. 1 | Sept. 3
borne bon tne Olav alesvislamds tise Sonne a) nose edb ek ek se nln ne aces [ieee cece ccen wees Aug. 1] Sept. 4
Kasaan Bay—
Kortasp ave enince on wwales slams ily Sn) Aue 20) eae eee eee e eee cine s sce aecleee se a5e July 28] Sept. 3
Twelve Mile Arm, Kina Stream,
Prince valesmisl ara dese me oe Sere ase ee rl ene es eee gait oo) Sins Sek mccls ac cced = selene stccios ete s do. Do.
Skowl Armrserinceor Walesiislands|s2 4 aea..2- hee ee eleote-cckecle eset eee - Aug. — | Sept. — |...-.do-~ Sept. 5
Behm Canal—
Naha Stream, Revillagigedo Island .|..........|.........- Viti OU SCP bee elena oe Salles eae 5 eel Wemcotae
Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula...... Valve om eSepta Ae eoialiva LON Ame) |e ee ele yeleeeee lee le eeces..
Wate EGIVie Tus 5 see ser oe cere ae eee eres Sie oem se wo a ails mine a cele alls saverwiee cite oa alele aim ie 2 Aug. 2] Aug. 29
Chickamipn givers ans aece es 35 oe Sac ae eae cee canes UO VAIS 2251S of Sore eR es are eel tae ce
@hecatsSiream wee. Sas eae Sully 1S |) Aros WG) dil | AN I Weecseeeeeo|seceaagene July 17) Aug. 3
SmMCabOMels Byres ae tee ae cle carne eae | sis 5 Sees |e ooeieraee se SKE] OL 3 ANSTO) OL Fetal hat ies Rise eiog leet e retell chee ae
Tongass Narrows—
Ward Cove, Revillagigedo Island...| Aug. 3} Sept. 7| Aug. 5] Aug. 11 |.---......].-......-. July 23} Sept. 6
Ketchikan Creek, Revillagigedo Is-
JONG L ais OG Sho NR AIO BG cee OTIS eect ane ete | ee es cel Ise), er ee |e a Aug. 20 | Sept. 5
CholmondeleysSound aes jets ese sche sles tacscedlcces ces Se Aug. 1] Aug. 28 | Aug. 5] Sept. 1/} July 30] Sept. 15
ora Bay, Prince of Wales Island-..|.......--.|.-.------- July 9] Aug. 20| July 29 | Aug. 29 | July 28} Sept. 6
Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince
Ol Wiatlesuisland: 2 cao a5 ee oe July 23} Sept. 1) Aug. 5] Sept. 8| Aug. 1] Aug. 28 | June 30| Sept. 6
Moira Sound—
North Arm, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|........-- July 14} Aug. 22) July 29 | Aug. 29 | July 13] Sept. 8
Shalelaivebrince: ofiwWalesmisland ails ee -2s- se) 24222 5o- 5] e425 22 eee alee. cee: AUIS 285 eed OS a eee ea co
Browse tiMce Of Wialessiusland-. loo 022 =|. c2 ok sce snc cose sh len cee ce eee llence Clonal se we CCR. Sa eep
South Arm—
Kegan Stream, Prince of Wales
UGS) LaNyiCG leh pe Ase ene NG, Ch! RSE Sa A le aa Aug. 2] Sept. 1] July 29 | Aug. 29} July 11] Sept. 6
Nowiskay Stream, Prince of
VV DIES MEST ara Glare ert res Pn een ey tle ee ieee CATO Pears ON OAT ORD ie [suse pera wee Say SPS ay ace dhe
Old Johnson Stream, Prince of
Valle Sits asia ie eens ss tare ys IL cece: MilPe peg octane An Cape rAniAaT py rBilh enka es otal July 13] Sept. 3
Nichols Passage—
BlamMikspunl eG CravilTa ses Gers: s\n sia <0 )s|2 aaa eae ze eet VIN ewe a oles hoe nce e|asemee sila Aug. 2) Aug. 29
Bostwick Inlet, Gravina Island.|..........|.......--- PANT RS 22 AS CPO beeen NPE cise te roe I ee
Hemlock Island, off Annette
MGV depres ce te yo a ate sein ae eee ake Sauce eeectes AUC Ee On AUSa oil Auies = fol eAmie ns 14s |e ere See
Maing Anmette) Uslanda si) 266. Sele oes Sel. Seed oer July 27 |....do...| Aug. 2] Sept. 1 | July 26 | Sept. 13
Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island...| July 24| Sept. 1| Aug. 3 !....do...| July 29 |....do. July 24) Aug. 29
Nadzacen Anne tteudislamdess ss... ee We ened ATIes NGG mAUICR 230 PATIOS Ya) VANS 21 i525
Revillagigedo Channel:
George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island. .... Sulya-2On Sept ws) | ilivae (ills eibsee oN | a-ha salsa es = 5s July 6) Sept. 1
Carroll Inlet Revillagigedo Island .....|..........|.......... CUT AS, UNCUT eral cela: Seah ae le se
pihrorn eeAumars ve vallaei ee doy isla Gis ys 5a ee ee ie a ES ee ie a ee te ol Aug. 24} Aug. 24
Hassler Harbor, Revillagigedo Island..).........-|.......--- NOIR AS all SEO Gal Sy dle ere ol (age a eeu Reser
RRO ISIBTINCS (Dy mads SER ae aad a Seo eae oe hee ERE (eS | ERG orcae see ets cess anes nel Sept. 14 | Sept. 19
IDyot ey UM OTAG loeb SSS SSS SAAS Soe SOE Se eee sels ea a Fa SS Re ea TS Bp a | Aug. 8 | Aug. 31
iBoca, GeiQuadiray cee tees = css ase sees eo dele Ws | oes WA ulhy |) Abies De Neca seoaceslsasdsadeats July 21 | Aug. 26
1kaaa, SISGIKOS COW: nd3 4 SESE SAS ee hese lle need Otis Se Sen oe Ieee te aeleyege leh cy Soe en a. en (Caine A eeu Ie er July 24] Aug. 23
LORE BOP aE, Cepia Se Nt nie is al eta Bs | ei Sj olb - 1) SEOs Sie ae eae (eee t/a eeee es eee
INVERN IMIG Sha S84 ak eRe BeBe ase Bese ere Ie A ere eget hee Sees sane ce Me Se a ee ee Aug. 7 | Aug. 10
B. B. F. 1906—16
249 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
28. Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum). Dog Salmon; Chum; Calico Salmon. (Pl. xxvm and xxvm.)
The dog salmon is a species of wide distribution. On the American coast it occurs from San Francisco
northward at least to Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound, and Bering Strait (Bean 1882). It is found also
on the Asiatic coast and is the principal salmon in Japanese waters, where it is known as saké. It is
not abundant on the coast of California, but increases in numbers northward, being most abundant in
Southeast Alaska. Dr. Bean records it from Old Sitka, from Alexandrovsk, Cook Inlet, and from
St. Paul, Kodiak Island. Mr. Hess reports its occurrence at Teller in a stream flowing into Port Clarence.
In the streams of Seward Peninsula it runs from July 15 to August 31; then comes a mixture of dog
salmon and silver salmon. The species was found by Mr. Hess on July 1, 1900, near Council, in the
lower Fish River, which flows into Golofinin Bay.
It is said that the run of salmon in the Tanana is not great enough for canning purposes; but in
the Yukon at the mouth of the Tanana the run of salmon (all species) is probably enough to justify
commercial fishing. Mr. Townsend (1885) records it as the principal salmon of the Kobuk River.
According to Mr. E. W. Nelson (1880) the dog salmon is abundant at St. Michael. The run begins
at the end of June and is over by the last of July. On account of its great abundance, this is to the
Eskimo the most valuable food fish about the shores of Bering Sea and the lower Yukon and Kuskoquim
rivers. On the lower Yukon the main run occurs between the last of June and the end of July. The
fish is rarely taken at St. Michael before June 12.
Dog salmon are said to go through Chilkoot Lake and spawn in its inlets, but we have no positive
knowledge to this effect. At Sitka on August 20, where boys were seen gaffing salmon at the bridge
across Indian River, several dog salmon were noted.
Dog salmon were seen by us at most of the canneries visited, especially in August. We saw them
at Taku Inlet (July 14), Killiisnoo and Sitkoh Bay (July 26), Chignik (August 9 and 10), Kell Bay
(August 23), Dundas Bay, Point Ellis (August 21), Funter Bay (July 23), see Bay (August 28),
Cleveland Passage (July 13), Pillar Bay and Loring.
The run of dog salmon in Alaska seems to come later than that of any other species except the coho.
In Southeast Alaska the season is not at its height until late in August or September. Spawning fish
have been taken in the vicinity of Fort Yukon in August and September. Like the humpback, the
dog salmon seems to prefer the smaller, coastal streams. Although it runs to some extent in the larger
rivers, such as the Columbia, Copper, and Yukon, it ordinarily does not ascend them to great distances.
It is unknown in the headwaters of the Columbia; the records of ‘‘dog salmon” there and in the head-
waters of other large rivers probably refer in most cases to spawning males of the chinook salmon, which
are, in many places, popularly known-as ‘‘dog salmon.’’ This species is most abundant in small
streams near the sea and in the small lower-course tributaries of the larger streams.
The dog salmon is second in size only to the chinook, as is shown by the following table. A total of
202 samples wereexamined. The average weight of these was 8.33 pounds, the average length, 29 inches.
The largest male examined was 35 inches long and weighed 16 pounds; the smallest was 25.5 inches long
and weighed 5 pounds. The largest female was 33 inches long and weighed 15 pounds, the smallest female
was 25 inches long and weighed 7 pounds.
MEASUREMENTS AND WEIGHTS oF DoG SALMON.
| _Num- | Leneth: Vee Average | Average
Locality. ber x =. a aS Gort MT CsY ot ESET Goa 1 eres prem eRe | nase SrsENE.
amined.| Maximum.) Minimum. Average. |Maximum. | Minimum. | Average.
i
Inches. | Inches. | Inches. Pounds. | Pounds. | Pounds.| Inches. | Pounds.
ue tla BS Girl a tee sia Reet cha Paes Cait eee utente.
Chignik.....-------- { Oe at 27. 87 26.13 | 27.08 8. 13 7.24 7.57 \ 29.37 9.34
Ba” Solis 14a co An peed egies DU Ai: 10:00 4.03 cose en tae
SUkKWanl o.oo cose { 1 fe) IOV OO Me he eee ee aE 10500) : ic Wo het anaes \ 30. 87 10.00
; ' 2| 35.00 35.00 | 35.00 16.00 15.00 | 15.5 y
Funter Bay...---.-. ates 33.00 25.00 | 29.25 15.00 8.00 | 10.5 \ ole Ef 12.17
Point Ellis......... a eee SL, SO 1, 04 sche Sel oe eek le a ee eee ee 16,00 | 31.50 16.00
Dundas Bay... 3) 9] rag ee | oer ee
J i 16| 32. 50 26.25 | 29.80 12.00 6.00 8. 44 |
Kell Bay = eed 4| 9 30.50 97.50 | 28.45 9.00 7.00| 8.11 } 29.17 8.29
Cleveland Passage .. deca ae 20 OD Ns soe ae aoe esas pre ae Lye Se rare 29. 50 12.00
. At Dea 15 of 32.00 25. 50 28. : : ‘
Nushagak River... 4 |) % 29. 13 25.50 | 27.102 9.00 6.00 | 7.045 \ 28.001 7.596
KOpsiiiei ss. sostses 1 oh ZU si AD GN sree stereos nile pee e “ite Be Sea ecrlines ae 27.50 7.50
Pee MEE 3 s9| go 32.00 98.25 | 30. 6
Ugashik River...... { 68| 9 30.75 25.00 28.158 12.00 6.5 7. 459 \ 29.015 See
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. B43
As a food fish this species is inferior to all the other salmon. The inferiority, however, is more
marked when the fish is canned than when otherwise utilized. The flesh is soft and spongy and does not
lend itself readily to canning processes. It is pale in color and therefore not so attractive in appearance
as that of the other species. When utilized fresh the fish takes a higher rank. It is coming more and
more to be frozen and shipped east or abroad, and is meeting with much favor in that form. Consider-
able quantities are being dry-salted for the Japanese market. In Japan this species is highly prized and
isa valuable product of the fisheries. It is the most abundant salmon in that country.
When fresh run from the sea the dog salmon is a handsome fish, plump and silvery, very attractive
in appearance, and closely resembling the silver salmon. Later the dark of the back tends to form
vertical bars which extend down on the sides. In the breeding season the body becomes largely dirty
black, obscurely barred with dirty red, the jaws become greatly elongated and distorted, and the teeth
show prominently. Frequently the flesh is dirty red and soiled white alternately in broad bands which,
together with the banding on the surface, doubtless suggested the name calico salmon. The Russians
call this salmon hayko or lekai, while to the Japanese it is saké. The trade name on our coast is chum.
Although the dog salmon does not yet rank high in popular favor, and while it is commercially the
least valuable of the several species of salmon except the coho, it is nevertheless a valuable fish, one
destined to become more and more appreciated as we learn better methods for its utilization. The flesh,
though not so red nor so firm and flaky as in other species, is no less nutritious and no less wholesome. At
present it is probably better to utilize it either fresh or by dry-salting rather than by canning.
During the season of 1906 the dog salmon fishery increased enormously over previous years. The
total number of fish utilized was 3,259,384. Reducing the entire catch to a canned salmon basis it is
equivalent to 273,459 cases, valued at $755,374.
THE BEGINNING AND ENDING oF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR DoG SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
Stations IN ALasKa, 1904-1906.
Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in fact,
the fish are nearly always caught before they enter the streams. In many instances the fishing station is in the vicinity
of the stream and its name has merely been used to locate the station more clearly. The dates given do not necessarily
mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may have been running for sometime before the
cannery men were abe to fish the stream and the pack may have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run.
19940 1905. 1906.
vg
Waters. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
Bering Sea.
STS Gard ee BT eae oe GN ee Sy EO Oe Re ee ee June 25} July 5| June 1/| July 28} June 11/ Aug. 4
Gus eC RY Oe ok ce ee Se ce i Se os ed ee July 1/] July 31 | June 24 | July 22 | June 25| Aug. 7
TENE SLES gp a ee Pe ee ee ea el eS ae ree [eons sacs oeieeare= =| SHE 25 | Saly 30
DSO SITE TRIN Gir 2S Oe ee oy eins Geet erhume, See Sie nel eeereteee Se es Meili ee ge) oe ee eine | Pere OA we | June 23 | July 25 | June 15 | July 25
(0 ES Ee LETT DS 0 See a cs eae a ge July 4} Aug. 1) June 13 | July 28 | June 18} July 31
INGO WESC sek HESS SS = RSet Ue re [anges Sole Rr aR ee ere a eS eee June — | July —
Southeast Alaska
Icy Strait:
POAT NS SIS Nga acre ee Ree te get eee ie eh bar ra |e ele * Aug. 26 | Aug. 31
Glavicm Bay ba toleGue by Ayes tee 5 a see toon oe ees dle bese ekbacedecuas : Sept. 5/| Sept. 18
LE EST 0 ST a a re ee oer nore June 15 Aug. 15 | Sept. 5
Salisade ESM RDPB Cay ps oe Pann eS fn ees os ee ee Lest oe Sate Sept. 8 | Sept. 18
ROFL Brederiekx, Chichazor island: <4 545-2 242422 o5-2- 2452 s| Se 5-k2e em: ate eee
Mayet Otten km ary teas Pe sae hae wa SG a te Da det. June 25 | June 26 | Sept. 22
ShalkeripiletandviVvere sesso. eee sash oe cee aA June 24 | June 29 Oo
SOS EP ES 2g - Cee ek ERR ee Ee eee ee ae sepia eee Biers, rt June 21; Sept. 5
DROP 18 OT OC SS ae Be tera ee ear ee Re eae ee JST Nice Us S12) 1S a7 ig aera NS OO | |
MRT Aen Crm ere ere ras ce ee ye a el Di oad eo a Aen oS amare tse Ji wilie Va ASTe Eee a8 eee es ep) |e
SLU TUS bce ae ee see See ee eae eee as ey Ol a ee mee ner ee age 0 OSs ERGO ee ee ee
jE BOIS 23 | Oe ae ene oe ei ee ee en Rs ee MOE 2s i Sepicerculeumer fo |--sGours (2.6 2f. 22 |lercelce.
Chatham Strait: |
Bunter bay,-vamiralgy [sland << 2.52 522202: Phsd.sc s25eesen | June — | Sept. 15 | June 19} Sept. 16 | June 21 | Sept. 5
RPE nels eo ee er a re pe ee AI rn se et tee is Dye Mee OUI Caleta ae DlyeONeOeteu2h |. 5s... -o~[2 . steno ee
Bay of Pillars—
INO TU lig Acme et itd pls len Gis oo a cee ist an Pe oe (EY Sec ewlloctes occied July — | Oct. — | July 20} Aug. 1
SOBER De Taree J ROE SEG Ee a a a ee ee [teva Stars, csc fim ee eee
Sie Michel pay Kun Bay, oun: Esland: = 2.2 se 4. Se eS! ol ee ose knees July —]} Oct. — | July 20} Aug. 1
SUPE. SSG Ra ee ee eee ee eS ae ee Ea Jme Zo |) sept. ¢ psune 25 | Sept.15 |.--....-.-|2-cs-----
Tare: Thal PS We oc Oe ee ee es Se a es ee eee ee eee ttl yal a ee One| a= GOS Bes ed Ose eee ee eee eee
Gti one bi shanty see eee Sees 2 oe ees Sees be July 4} Aug. 4 dose as-56 Om 21268 coatasaleeeee tas
DEPT DIS G22 Bie Ce ee el oe eee ea ae th tee le ee Pe June —! Aug. —
a 1900, June 19 to July 1. ¢ 1900, August 15 to September 25.
6 1906, July 15 to August 31. d 1900, July 9 to September 24.
244 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Tue BEGINNING AND Enpine oF ComMmercrat FIsHinc For Doc Satmon at VaRIovus FiIsHine
Stations 1x AtasKa, 1904-1906—Continued.
1904. _ 1905. | 1906.
Waters. a — {eae Waa Es | Sone Cit
Fishing Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing Fishing
began— ended— | began— | ended— | began— ended—
Southeast Alaska—Continued. | )
Frederick Sound:
secunty Bay, Kuin island: ..< 220.0... 0222 Sie Cae ee ee ee Jay 20) Oe 27 eee
papinaw by, Kuu Ustamd = oo) a eee ees Sept. 1 | Sept. 20 |._--do___|_-.-do..-| July 23 | Aug. 27
Port Camien: Kurd Island . 24 oo 6 es oe Se eee ee ee eee |----do_..|_--.do...} Aug. 30 | Sept. 14
Cleveland Paseagse.. 2. 2.3 ae a ee eee be es Bi at AL Pe el July 17) Aug. 27
Wrangell Strait: i j '
Petersburg Creek, Mitkal Island): ° 200-02. J52 0-38 Se ee eee [ise oes pei oe | July 5, Aug. 22
Blind Point, Mitkof Island... 2.0 2-22 232562 2635-2 a ee ee ee | eee ree
Duncan Canal, Kupreanof Island - -_--.-----_-_..--+---+----2-5 aL Se ee ee ee eee ee oe | July 9 Aug. 31
Sumner Sirait: | . |
Calder and Eleopdam Bay, Prince of Wales Islaad. 2s.) 2-2) 2- 5 ee ee ee ee pee | July 27 Aug. 30
Rocky Pass, Kom Island(?).....2..- 231222. 25 2S Se ee ee Rs Uh ees 12, oc Mcgee oe (emer a eqmeee, (aad oe af
Pant Barne Stream, Kupreanol Island). ee ee ee ee aly a) Avie oe
Totem Bay, Kupreanoi Island. _ 223022. ee eee eee [ae we aos ee _ Aug. 17 Do.
Red Bay, Kupreanof island |. < 2.00325). Sha ee ee Eee eee | eee ee | July 1) Aug. 31
Strkene tisver: 020228222 ee ie es ee eee [ares a et oe Sea eel Be oe | July 4) Aug. 4
Zimovia Strait: Thoms (Old Village) Stream, Wrangell Island. _-----__--|_-.---_----|---------- pee Re ar | Aug. 1 Sept. 3
Clarence Strait: '
Salmon. Bay, Prince of Wales Inland) - 20-202 -- 282 52 o 2 Pee ee PS Seis SN ee eee PRE ee | June 15 Sept. 4
Basie Creek, Prince of Wales Island. 260 2 Se ee ee eee Sept. 14 | Sept. 27 |...-do..-| Sept. 6
Whale Passare, Prince of. Wales Usland ._ 2-2 - 2-22. 822-6 2 eee July i} Sept. 1 |....do_.-| Sept. 10
jake Bay, Pouee of Wales Island ees 2 eee Aug. 15: Sept i5.i 2255-23 Fe |..--do_.-.| Sept. 4
Cofiman Cove, Prince of Wales Island. - 2. 22. 22-3 el cee ec eae eee ee eae es Le OI Do.
Rocky Bay, Kiolin Island: .._°- 32023 oe ee ee eee 5 Se RBs CE he c [Sacks feds t ge
Bais Barber, Pree of. Walesssiand 22s 2 ee eee fects oe ee eee eee ea do. - -| Do.
Ernest Sound— | !
Union Bay, Cleveland Pentnsiilas 32 2: 2.2). he ee ee eee eee ee ee ee July 17 Aug. 14
Vines Point, Cleveland Perna ee ae ae ee eee Se Seale | Aug. 8 | Aug. 26
Menefee Tnlet, Miolis Udsaard: 30 oe ee Bl Oe ee ee le NS ee
Pomt Warde, Ceveland Pentnsula 2.) 2235.3 2 eS ie aes ae eee [eee oe ee | June 27 July 28
Anon Creek, Cleveland Penruaiba 05205 30.5502 fee em ee [sos June 15 Sept. 4
Dons Bay (2) 2 252 oa = eS es a re ae ee oe pestsee see | Sept. 6/| Sept. 8
Middle Arm: (2) 220252 s ee a ee ee ee eee es aa (i s3 Sense | Sept.11 | Sept. 16
Sunny Point (7) = 225-2342 25 3 eee re ee eee eee irae tee | Sept. 10 | Do.
Meyers Stream, Cleveland Peninsula. --..._--.....-----------|---------- eset sn ee Skee (wk See Aug. 1) Sept. 3
Thorne Bay, Price of Wales tslaniheo. <0 2252s Pes 3 eee ee ee sae eee (Se saa |....do_.-| Sept. 4
Kasaan Bay— | | |
Karia Bay, Prince of Wales Island --__ - = .2222------2==- ese Bee eee seca snulees lose Soak Aug. 28 | Sept. 3
Twelvemile Arm— Kina Stream, Prince of Wales Island |.-.-~-----|.---------|---------- esses? pee fee Do.
Skowl Arm. Pance ef Wales dsiind = 2222 = 2222 e ee ie a eee eee eeeee ee | Aug. 1) Sept. 5
Behm Canal— | |
Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula 4... _ =. 2.22. ---2_42-2--- [=e eee oe eee rcteee Pee ce [hs Gere toes
Dnuk iver os ES eee ee a eee Eee aee ig See Aug. 4/| Aug. 29
Cheeats Stream Boise. oboe ete ee ee ee RE ore Ware fae nae 2,
Tongass Narrows— l | .
Ward Cove, Revillapigedo Island 2. . 22 2022222. 2 a ee ee ee etna! eee aye , July 23 Sept. 6
Ketchikan Creek, Revillagigedo Island_--.-.........--.--]----------|-=-+------ Pr Peseta Poe! foie ener | Aug. 20) Sept. 5
Cholinamidley Sawnd 23 503 oie es Pe ee ee Aug. 1 Nov. 1 Aug. 5 Nov. 7/ July 30 Oct. 30
Dorm Bay, Ponee of Wales Island 2: _-.. 22 ee ee Dee ane ie As Vee ee eer | Aug. 3/| Oct. 24
Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince of Wales Island. -- --.------- Gidea hee Yana +-|----------| June 30 Sept. 14
Moira Sound— | | . | >
North Arm, Prince of Wales Island: - ------..-.----------|----------|---------- ae Eedevics See July 13 Sept. 8
Seat Agi: : 2 se. 2 Se nn ese eas Ste ee ae a ee ree eee ae
Keegan Stream, Prince of Wales Island-..---.------- ee Pee pores eaase eect PSS July 11) Sept. 6
Oid Johuson Stream, Prince of Wales Island... - -- .|:---------]------- ---]--=--+-22-|-==2----=- | July 13) Sept. 3
Nichols Passage— |
Blank inlet, Gravina Island. ...—..----=-+--------.-+---|=-=-=-----|--==2- -- bn na Aug. 2) Aug. 29
Tam, Annette isiand,<.--...-.--22---2 262-222 525-2-25-- |.---------|----------]----------|--=------- _Aug. 7 Sept. 3
Tamgass Harbor, Annette Island ---------.--- ee piers Pena Ree Pate Sere ee ets lop ee aoe Aug. 4/ Aug. 29
Nadzaeer, Annette Island......-.....-----------------------|---------+ ----------/----- 22-22-2227 --+-- Sept. 7 | Sept. 12
Revillagigedo Channel:
Gesne Inlet, Revillagigedo Island ---..-.-.--- Ue POR AL SOMERS ee AS Rees bees Sima pape te i July 6) Sept. 1
Nancy Haines (7) ..__-. --_--------- SEN oe ee se ks ee ah ee ee ete ee ere a ete ee Sept. 14 Sept. 19
Binks Walshtad o o ad ae er Aug. 11 | Aug. 18
a 1897, July 17 to August 7; 1899, July 14 to September 13; 1900, July 21 to September 17. 5 1897, July 23 to August 2.
29. Oncorhynchus tschawytscha (Walbaum). Chinook Salmon; King Salmon; Quinnat Salmon.
(Pl. xx1x and xxx.)
~
The chinook salmon is called king salmon or spring salmon in Alaska; spring or chinook salmon on
Fraser River and Puget Sound; chinook, royal chinook, quinnat, or Columbia River salmon on the Colum-
bia River. and Sacramento salmon in California. Where the Chinook jargon is spoken it is the tyee,
which meansking. Among the Russians it is called tschavitche or tschawytscha.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 945
This is a salmon of wide distribution. It occurson both coasts of the Pacific from Monterey Bay and
China north into the Arctic Ocean, ascending all large streams. The most southern point on the Califor-
nia coast for which we have definite records is Monterey Bay, but its southern range doubtless extends
somewhat farther down the coast. There isa record, on what authority we do not know, of its occurrence
in the Ventura River, 300 miles south of San Francisco. However that may be, this important salmon is
not uncommon in Monterey Bay, where considerable numbers are caught in spring and summer by
trolling. In the Sacramento and Columbia rivers it is the principal salmon, far outnumbering all
other species. It occurs in some numbers in other streams of Oregon and Washington, and is not uncom-
mon in Puget Sound. It runs somewhat sparingly in the larger streams of British Columbia and
Southeast Alaska, particularly the Fraser, Skena, Nass, Stikine, and Taku.
Throughout Southeast Alaska the king salmon is probably not uncommon, although the catch has not
been considerable until recently. It is said that this fish can be taken by trolling any month in the year
about Admiralty Island, particularly in the vicinity of Killisnoo. In 1905 and again in 1906 it was par-
ticularly common about Ketchikan and in Tongass Narrows, where it was taken inseines. It isalso taken
near Chilkat and Chilkoot. Usually the king salmon make their appearance at the time of the run of the
herring, upon which they largely feed, and they follow up the smelt also, being found wherever that
species occursin numbers. The principal river in Southeast Alaska into which the king salmon run is the
Taku, and the salmon taken in the various places mentioned above probably enter that stream for spawn-
ing purposes.
In 1906, from July 15 to 20, 100 king salmon were taken in gill-nets operated by an Indian in the
vicinity of Burroughs Bay. They were all very large, some of them reaching a weight of 89 pounds. It
is said they can be taken in that locality as early as May 15. Usually the Wrangell cannery counts on
getting 4,000 to 8,000 king salmon from the Stikine River each year.
In 1897, 350 king salmon averaging 16 pounds each were salted at Killisnoo.
In Copper River, which flows into Prince William Sound, and the larger streams tributary to Cook
Inlet, there is a considerable run of king salmon. They are said not to run in Alitak Bay, on Kodiak
Island. They are, however, taken at Karluk. and other places on Kodiak Island and also on Afognak
Island and the islands of the Alaskan Peninsula, though at no place in any abundance. In Nelson
Lagoon, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 15. They continued torun until July 18, July 1 to 18
being the height oftheseason. The fish caught there ran 15 to the barrel.
In the Ugashik River, in 1906, those first caught were taken June 4. The king, red, and dog usually
come together. The run of that season, as for five seasons past, was poor.
The king salmon occurs, though not abundantly, in the Nushagak River. In 1906 it was first seen
on June 7, and the run for the year was greater than usual and the fish were larger. Small king salmon
are here sometimes put up under coho labels. They also occur in considerable numbers in the Yukon.
Important fisheries supplying the local demand are operated at Dawson, Eagle City, and Rampart.
Rampart is 900 miles above the mouth of the Yukon, and the run was on at that place September 10.
Several were taken, each weighing 20 poundsor more. They were full of spawn.
Late in July king salmon have become common in the upper Yukon beyond the boundary, being
found in the middle and lower watersa month earlier. During the summer of 1897 a number of fishermen
employed gill-nets at Dawson, Northwest Territory, readily taking king salmon of large size. Many
fish were found weighing 40 pounds and over, and the prices received for them were so high as to make
the business quite profitable. This point is 1,300 miles from the sea. They are said to run up the
river at least as far as Caribou Crossing, 2,000 miles from the sea. Mr. Hess found them in China Slough
of the Tanana for seven to nine days toward the end of July and in the Tanana itself for three weeks.
On July 14, 1904, he observed the first king salmon at the Central Telegraph Station on Goodpaster
River, 63 miles below its head. They are said to go 25 miles farther up this stream and to be very
abundant later in the season. Nelson says (1887):
This species is taken along the shores of Norton Sound immediately after the ice disappears in
spring, my earliest date being June 6, 1877. On the lower Yukon, up, at least, to Anvik, the largest
of these salmon run during the few days just preceding and following the breaking up of the ice and
thence on to the end of the season they decrease gradually in size and quality. * * * At Anvik
they begin running about the 12th of June and the season is virtually over by the middle of July. 1 was
told that one example was taken at Anvik that weighed 140 pounds and that they sometimes weigh a
third more than that.
246 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
M.. Nelson does not regard this information as reliable. Mr. V. L. Derby in a letter dated
January 19, 1907, reports that “a few king salmon rounded Point Barrow and entered the lagoons at
Pargneck, the shooting station, in the spring of 1906. The natives caught a few in the fall of 1905
and summer of 1906.”’
One was seen by us at the cannery at Wrangell July 13, among many hundred humpbacks. A few
were seen in the Taku Inlet cannery July 14. Two (1 male and 1 female) were examined at Pyramid
Harbor, July 15. The male was 28 inches long and weighed 8 pounds; the female was 40.5 inches
long and weighed 28 pounds.
A female seen at the Dundas Bay cannery July 24.was 34 inches long and weighed 17 pounds.
The eggs of this fish were very immature. King salmon weighing 35 to 40 pounds were caught in
sea-otter nets off Montague Island in December, 1894, and January, 1895.
Mr. Rutter saw one at Karluk that was 50 inches long and weighed 60.5 pounds. A female 2 feet
9 inches long, weighing 13 pounds and nearly ripe, was seined at Karluk August 4. Mr. A. B. Alexander
saw one in 1888 in Nushagak that weighed 85 pounds. On July 18, 1900, Mr. Kutchin saw one at
Kasilof which weighed 77 pounds.
Dr. Tarleton H. Bean says in “The Alaskan Salmon and Their Allies:”’
Individuals weighing over 100 pounds are on record. At St. Paul, Kodiak, Mr. B. G. McIntyre
weighed one which registered 87.5 pounds without its vicera, and the entire fish must have exceeded 100
pounds. Capt. William Kohl has recently told me that he once obtained reliable information in
Cook Inlet of a salmon weighing about 140 pounds, and individuals of equal size are reported in the
Yukon.
Mr. John N. Cobb has a record of one weighing 77 and two others each of 75 pounds, taken by trolling
near Ketchikan in 1905, and one of 47 pounds taken at Juneau in 1906. He gives also the following
information regarding fish from Bristol Bay:
WEIGHT AND MEASUREMENTS OF 51 KinGc SALMON EXAMINED AT THREE Bristot Bay LOCALITIES
IN 1906.
ae Length. Weight. | Total
Locality and date. ber ex- Sex. | : Sra / ae el a ee ee
5 : | Maxi- Mini- Maxi- | Mini- | ber ex-| length. | weight.
amined. ‘mum. mum. pAversee ee “Average. ber © i & &
“a aoe > ae Lae Bat oe ce” ee | | i
| inches Inches. Inches. | Lbs | Lbs | Pounds | | Inches. | Pounds.
ae i8| ¢ | 43 33.00 | 39.722 | 34| 14.0] 25.516 | | i
agen me hoedes ee { 38 $ | 4 26.50) 38508) 39| 75| 25.985 4 48) 39-260) 25.369
Nushagak River (July 19)..- 2 oh 38 = 34.00 36.000 | 21 14.0 17.500 2 36.000 17.500
Wood River (July 19)---.-.-- 2S ea fo: ' 34 29.75 31.666 | 15 10.0 12.333) |' 3| 31.666 12.333
Bean (1882) records this salmon from Kasilof River, Cook Inlet, and from the Yukon.
Gilbert says (1895) that at Departure Bay, May 10-18, 1890, young individuals were feeding on
the herring (C. pallasii) and a number were taken on the trolling line. He says further:
At Unalaska, May 24-27, 1890, the run had hardly begun, though a few individuals were seen. A
small pond near the stream which flows into the head of Captains Harbor was full of young salmon of
this species, from 2 to 5 inches long, which took the fly greedily. June 3, at the mounth of the Nushagak
River, Bristol Bay, an occasional individual was taken. A small run had come into the river a short
time before our visit. On June 16 they were running abundantly at Unalaska, but they were not seen
on later visits at this point or at Port Méller. It is worthy of note that their period of greatest abun-
dance coincided in time with that of the herring, and their approach to the coast may be determined by
the movements of the latter. Their annual appearance in large numbers in Monterey Bay, California,
seems to be dependent on the run of anchovies.
The following notes have been furnished by Mr. John N. Cobb:
Considerable numbers are taken on hand-lines bated with herring on the herring grounds on the
northern side of Kuiu Island. It is said that young king salmon 10 to 12 inches long can be taken in
October on hand-lines from the wharves at Killisnoo. The Indians take large numbers of small kings
in Florence Bay. A few are taken in gill-nets (9.5 inch mesh) at Orca, where they are packed with
ae red salmon. A few are obtained each year in the Copper River delta, where the run begins about
May 6.
King salmon are found in many of the rivers of Alaska during the breeding season, being most abun-
dant, so far as known, in the Unuk, Stikine, Taku, Nushagak, Kvichak, and Ugashik. The rest of the
year they are found scattered pretty much all over the straits, sounds, and bays of Southeast Alaska,
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 247
and it is possible they might be found in other portions of Alaska at this season were they to be fished
for. At this time they are feeding upon the herring, and, in Southeast Alaska, are especially abundant
in the vicinity of Point Comano on Cleveland Peninsula, and in Seymour Canal, Taku Inlet, and Gas-
tineau Channel. It is said that there was a run of king salmon in Snug Harbor, Tenakee Inlet, in the
fall of 1905 and the spring of 1906, which was the first seen there for several years.
The season of 1905 witnessed the inception of a new branch of the salmon industry. About the
middle of January king salmon were observed in the vicinity of Ketchikan, but it was not until January
23 that the first fish was brought to that place. News of a large run of fish having spread, there were
soon a number of whites and Indians out in canoes catching the kings, which they located by watching
the gulls, which would gather over the herring schools upon which the kings were feeding. As the
herring were in shoal water, nets could be used in but few places, so trolling lines were brought into
use. At first herring bait was employed, but it was soon discovered that a nickel trolling spoon would
answer the purpose just as well. The vicinity of Point Comano and Point Stewart seemed to be favorite
resorts for the fish, but they were to be found almost everywhere within a radius of 50 miles from
Ketchikan. Several firms in Ketchikan early saw the possibilities of the business and soon had out
steamers and launches collecting the fish from the fishing boats. Upon reaching Ketchikan they were
packed in ice and shipped to Puget Sound ports. The fish averaged 25 pounds in weight. One was
caught which weighed 77 pounds, while several were brought in which weighed 75 pounds each.
About 25 per cent of the catch consisted of white-meated fish and 75 per cent of red-meated. For the
former the fishermen were paid 25 cents each and for the latter 50 cents each. During the run, which
lasted until May 18th, 271,644 pounds, valued at $15,600, were shipped. A considerable quantity was
also cured by the Indians for their own use, while some were consumed locally by the whites.
The Ketchikan dealers state that the king salmon were very delicate and would not stand such
handling as a red salmon will, and at first many of them had to be classed as second-grade fish on
account of being bruised in killing by the Indians.
For years the Indians have been catching kings in winter for their own consumption. In 1905
the run was unusually large. It was much smaller in 1906, in the vicinity of Ketchikan, at least.
The preparation of mild-cured king salmon in Alaska has been carried on for some years. Up to
the year 1906 only spawning fish were so treated, but the big run in the neighborhood of Ketchikan
during the winter of 1905 attracted the attention of Puget Sound salters, and this year there were a
number of plants in operation, some of which handled the feeding fish. In May and June the Juneau
and Douglas dealers paid 75 cents each for all red-meated kings weighing over 17 pounds, 35 cents for
all under 17 pounds, and 20-cents for white-meated kings of any weight. These dealers estimated
that there were about 7 white-meated kings to every 100 red-meated fish. The largest king handled
at Juneau weighed 47 pounds, while by far the greater part ran over 17 pounds in weight. Tierces
holding 800 pounds were used and about 50 fish were required to fill a tierce. In curing, the head
was taken off and the entrails removed. The fish was then split down the middle and the backbone
taken out, thus leaving the fish in two halves. After the blood vessels were scraped out the fish were
put into ice water for about thirty minutes and then salted down in the tierces with fine (dairy) salt.
The number of king salmon required to the case (of 48 one-pound cans) varies somewhat, as shown
by the following figures: Orca, 4.2 fish to the case; Dundas Bay, 4.5; Pyramid Harbor, 3.5; Taku, 2.8;
Nushagak, 3; Kvichak River, 2.7; Naknek River, 5; Yes Bay, 2.5; Cook Inlet, 3.5; Kenai, 2.7; Kas-
ilof, 3; Odiak, 4.5. Of the places mentioned, the largest fish appear to come to the Yes Bay cannery
and the smallest to Naknek River. Too much credence, however, should not be given these figures.
A very curious and interesting fact has been noticed regarding the color of the flesh of the king
salmon. In some individuals the flesh is red, in others white. In Columbia River fish it is usually
that rich red or salmon color which is so highly prized, although even in that river a certain percent-
age of the fish are white-meated. In Alaska apparently a somewhat larger percentage are white-
meated. Of 3,232 cases put up at Pyramid Harbor, 977 were white; of 4,375 cases at Taku, 1,225 were
white or pink. These figures indicate that about 42 per cent of Alaska king.salmon are white-meated.
This, of course, keeps the commercial value of the fish from being what it otherwise would be.
As already stated, the king salmon of Southeast Alaska are taken chiefly by trolling. Considerable
numbers, however, are taken in gillnets at Port Snettisham, Wrangell Narrows, Point Highfield, Pyramid
Harbor, Taku, Kenai, Kasilof, and elsewhere. The gillnets used in this fishery are usually 9.5-inch
mesh. In some places it is 8.5, 9, or 9.25. The nets vary from 50 to 250 fathoms long and from 20
to 30 meshes deep.
The king salmon is the least abundant of the five species found in Alaska. Commercially it ranks
as the least important. The catch of 1906 was 267,387 fish, and the pack 60,357 cases valued at about
$223 ,286.
The future development of the king salmon fishery in Alaska will be in the large streams to the north-
ward, particularly in those tributary to Bering Sea. It is probable that methods of conducting the
fishery will be developed which will, in spite of the short season and other unfavorable conditions, per-
mit large catches to be made in such streams as the Yukon and Kuskokwim.
248
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF
FISHERIES.
Tue BEGINNING AND ENDING or ComMERCIAL FisHING FoR Kine SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
STATIONS IN ALASKA, 1904-1906.
Note.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself; in many
instances the fishing station is in the vicinity of the stream and its name has been employed in order more clearly to
identify the stream. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the
fish may have been running for sometime before the cannery men were able to fish the stream and the pack may have
been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the run.
| 1904.
Waters. Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended—
Bering Sea.
Nushapak Bay @.. 222-2222 422920 2225. oe ee eee June 8} Aug. 3
ipushik River.) 205. 5.25255 ee ee on oe ee June 12 | June 27
K yiehak River 0. <2: 6 ee ee ee eee June 21} Aug. 3
Naknek Biyer ¢: 22250022002 oe ee ee eo ee ee June 22 | Aug. 2
Upanintk: River@ <2 s 305226 seo se Pa. co = cee = 2h Shoe eee eee June 26| Aug. 1
Ugaguk Rivet ss2 2.2222 5.0226 4 etek nbs 52s 2 2 Sees ee eee eee
Nelsons Dagoon. = .-- 50252. 2.2 2s 25 ee ee a ee eee
Central Alaska.
Chisnik iaeoon and Rivers: 5225552 2s ee ee ee June 8 | Aug. 8
Rogink toning? Kerli! 2. oc aco Se ee ee ee ee June 6| July 15
Cok tlet PRaSUBT) Foo Eee Le er ee May 27| Aug. 4
Prince William Sound:
Ghemese Sarena ies ke oe ee eee ee ee July 2 | July 30
Bally Hole. 2 ss oe ee Se eee ps | ceed erty ¢ eh
Miners Rivet. s. 2.6225) ee ee ae ee agaeres (Cc ees eee (| ee
Byak lake and Rivers. <2 252 ibe. Ses a ee EE ee ee
Copper River 6: . 2. 2S <523 ete eee ee er nel ee eee
Peie Dahil Slowest 2c. oi ae ee a ee ee eee ae May 6] July 15
Gus Wailson Sloueiiss Jes ho Ae Soe ee eee ee ee ae a ee Se eee
Castle Sloughhic = .34h 32 252 ass See ce tees Soe SR eae eee eee
Peter Wathaila Slonph: = oo 2 eee ee eee ee ee May 6 | June 30
G. Stevens Sloupit. 2: 2 22 eee ee ae ee eee Use ee do
Martin River 2535284 ht 52 a ee eee eee (.2.2d02-.1- July. 0
Littie River: =. Se 2052 cee 5. eee a es ee es re ed ae ae nate
ian Wats. oot see6s 3 oc Soe ee eee May 6] July 25
[5 | 2a 3771 gape Ronee Ne OER, Sih gl Sey STs a Ne ed spel ¢ [i er [et do -
pnd POMIE: -5 2 3355.5 - see see eee ee ee eee ane eel ee eee
Ghulkad River - $2. 220. 222 e sees 2 a a Se ee eee June 1/| July 10
Southeast Alaska. |
dey: Strait: Pleasant Island's: «9: 4.4.2 of jscehecesass Pee 2 el Sens ee eee
Wy nam Ceara es ee OS a ee ee eee ne June 15 | Sept. 15
Critkoot, inlet and Rivers eo kas oe ne ee ee June 20 | Sept. 17
Ghilkat inlet and Bayerss 020 es se ee ee ee eee June 4! July 20
Pee Harber 223222 205. Soles cba ee ee Eee May 20 | Sept. 7
Renn Cove: 2.23 33. cc5 2s os ae oh ae Sek ie ee ee ed eee
IE MSA 2S oa oak were a be a i ee ee ee May 6/| Sept. 7
Bouts TAMBSES 50285 A es ke ee ee eae tes (eee meee
Chatham Strait: Funter Bay, Admiralty Island--............._- June 1 | Sept. 15
StGPHEES: PASSAPE. oo S552. oS ts Bene eee ee ee May 14] Sept. 7
Ge beat TN Pee So ak See ERS Oe SS eee ee May. 6 |...-do-.-
Por) Suetnmshsm 2 jo lo26 ts. oe ee eee July 4] Aug. 4
Seymour Canal......- Be ecient tossed Seatac ee ce oe See eee eee eee eee
Wrangell Strait: Petersburg Creek, Mitkof Island... ...--.. 2222) 22 2. 224 2. Ies- 222-58
poiakctaes SE yer Fe 22 See ee orn te ee ee ea ae | | cay le ee
Clarence Strait:
Eagle Creek, Prince of Wales Island. -.........----:-2.2-.-.- July 5 | Sept. 4
Ernest Sound—
Pomt Warde, Cleveland Peninsula 2.5. 23ers ee
Annan Creek, Cleveland Peninsula: 2. eee. fos as eee
Behm Canal— Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula................|.....-..-.|...--.----
Tongass Narrows— Ketchikan Creek, Revillagigedo Island*.|_.........|.......---
21900, June 12 to July 22.
61900, June 23 to July 25.
€1900, June 18 to July 25.
421900, June 18 to June 29
€1900, June 5 to June 28.
f 1896, May 25 to June 25; 1897, May 26 to July 27; 1900, June 1 to July 10.
91890, May 5 to June 30; 1891, April 27 to June 30; 1892, cannery closed; 1893, May 2 to June 30; 1894, May 11 to June 30;
1895, May 15to June 29; 1896, May 15 to June 30; 1897, May 10 to June 30.
h 1898, June 10 to July 10.
71896, May 25 to June 25; 1897, May 28 to June 28; 1900, May 8 to June 26.
j1896, May 15 to June 22; 1897, May 15 to June 22; 1900, March 14 to June 28.
k1892, July 15 to September 1.
1905. 1906.
Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended—
June 1} July 1] June 5] Aug. 3
Jane. 15 | Jime:20 |... 5.26.
June 13} Aug. 2/{| June 20] Aug. 7
June 14 | July 30 | June 21] July 31
June 13 | July 28 | June 18 Do.
BS Opes es |W pe Saar oe June 16 | July 25
Sune kt | eee June 15 | July 24
‘Sune 6| July 14) June 2| July 7
May 25/| July 13| June 3) Aug. 13
seeeepegesf ove Mae 4 ely oD
May, 15 | July 25 |.---doz-|. Do.
Seg uel (ore Mee Em bee do. Do.
Ea AT Sk Heecae eed L 2. 2do0 -2.| July. 12
ape aI a ell wy A ke 325200'282)) Des
SAD ehs Si= ORE 5 SNA os ..<d02-.] <" Doe:
ese aren Vite: epee bee s-10/= Do.
Faas Raglan 5 et do. Do.
SAS pecs cron fee 2s wk a ( : _-do =.) Jniye i
orcs ence ee nee e.do 232) .JSnlye 42
jaz-asuvss[---2-2.+..4 May 12 | June 30
sana oe a ae ge July 1/| July 28
sine tO Ra Seer a June 26 | Sept. 18
NENG nee ee eee al ee do ...| Sept. 22
‘June 27 | July 15 | June 29 | Sept. 22
“May 15 | Sept. 15 |-..2..2..-
May °8 | June 20 j22-2:-2. 2°
May 15) Sept. 15 |.22.:-:.-:
Sao ae (a ese June 20 | July 15
May 8) June 30'|.....--.--
Se cps eee C1 Cpe a es ese
oad Se So Ses ed
eee eens iis July — | Oct. —
Juae, 29 | Sept. 46 | --2: 222.2
May 17 | July 27 | May 26 | June 19
Ce eee ys |S es June 22 | July 22
Soe ey ee Ae eee June 27 | July 28
Schr VAs een Se aera July 2] July 23
Apr. 13°) Apr. 38 jo32-4-62c
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 249
30. Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Silver Salmon; Coho. (Pl. xxx1and xxxtz.)
The coho is common in Southeast Alaska and as far north at least as Karluk. It also occurs in Bristol
Bay and probably in the Yukon. Nelson (1887) records it from St. Michael and Norton Sound, where
he says the run in the streams begins about September 1. The first examples seen by us were caught
June 19, by trolling in the outer harbor at Nanaimo. After that date the fish was seen at most of the
canneries visited, being in greatest abundance, however, at those canneries visited late in August.
Dr. Gilbert, speaking of this species at Unalaska, says:
Two young were seined at Unalaska, June 16, 1890, the smaller of which, 190 mm. long, shows
very conspicuous parr-marks. These have disappeared in the larger specimen, 225 mm. long, which
has also assumed more the proportions and appearance of the adult. In this specimen the spots are
more distinct than in the adult, being large, well defined, and close-set on head, back and dorsal fin,
and the caudal fin is very indistinctly marked, the faint spots being confined to the outer rays of both
lobes. It is a male with the testes so well developed as to make it very probable that it would have
sought the spawning-grounds within a few months. Three smaller specimens were taken in Herendeen
Bay July 5. The smallest of these is 145 mm., the largest 185 mm. long. The distal half of the dorsal
fin is black with the exception of the last two rays, which are entirely white.
Mr. Rutter found the young common in sloughs along the edge of Karluk River near its source
May 22. Forty-one specimens taken on that date were each about 1.25 inches long, 16 others were 2.8
to 6 inches long. He gives the life color of a 6-inch specimen taken from the ocean June 18 as follows:
Back olive brown thickly spotted with black; dorsal dusky except that the last ray is pale; tip
of caudal dusky; the dusky portion greater on lobes; a specimen photographed to-day has distinct parr-
marks; pectoral yellowish; caudal also yellowish by transmitted light; iris somewhat golden.
Under normal conditions the coho is the last salmon to appear, the run in Southeast Alaska usually
not beginning until after all the other species have gone.
The run of cohos at Nushagak is usually not large during the canning season, but is said to be
larger later in the year. In Nelson Lagoon (Bristol Bay) there isa run in August, too late to be utilized
by the canneries. There is said to be a good run in Bear River (Bristol Bay) in July and August. The
species seems to be fairly abundant among the Aleutian Islands, as evidenced by the fact that, in Sep-
tember, 1906, a Japanese vessel secured 1,500 fish about Attu Island; and it is stated that other vessels
secured about the same number earlier in the season. At Alitak (Kodiak Island) the run begins about
the latter part of August; it is chiefly in Silver Salmon Bay. The species occurs also at Yakutat. At
Dundas Bay the first coho seen in 1906 appeared on July 1.
In size, the coho ranks third among the Pacific salmon. The following table gives the lengths
and weights of 556 individuals, representing 11 different localities. The longest fish was 33 inches in
total length, the shortest, 20.75 inches; the heaviest weighed 15 pounds, the lightest, 3 pounds. The
average length of the males (235) was 28.29 inches, of the females (321), 27.53 inches. The average
weight of the males was 9.03 pounds, of the females, 8.86 pounds.
LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF CoHO SALMON.
NGmaS Length. Weight. Total
WORE ber Sas ae Average | Average
Ocaniby'- exam- Maxi- | Mini- eer Maxi- | Mini- enna, Ibiesaate length. | weight.
lined mum. | mum. 8°-| mum. | mum. Be: mace
Inches.| Inches.| Inches. | Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Inches. Lbs.
a Le a ey 26 - | 31.75 | 26:50| 20.14| 14.00 6.00! 10.71 \
puchols Bay. { 78| 9 | 30.75) 2450| 28.29} 1295] 5.00 9.55 104) 28.50 9. 84
. i ae ee) 33.001 6.00]. 29:59). 14:00) 7.50) - 10.97
pS Mb aisles se peo 56 G | 20.50/ 20.75| 27-99] 12.00] 4.00 9. 85 \ 100 | 28. 69 10. 34
eae et Soa || 30.50) | 25:50:|-. 2864") 15.0 0 9.95
Hore Bay, Kawa { Gris Oe | 2075 soko | 7.58) 11.50) 400 8.70 \ 100 | 27.95 9.14
54| ¢ | 31.00] 2425/ 27.84] 13.00| 6.00 8. 35
SED teats o> = { BL | 9 -| 29,:75| 22.75 | 26.82-| 11.00} 5.00 7. 66 \ 105; 27.34 S02
Hunter Bay (Nutkwa 49} o | 30.50] 24.00 27.67 | 12.00] 5.00 9.11 100 710 8.71
SHigsion ee ene Bi | 9 | 29:50) 23.95} 26.54] 11.50] 5.00 8.31
Te ee ee ee ieee | SE0N00) 23100" 261.46 12: 005) 4.0 7.88 |
piu {sap @ | 29.00] 24.00] 27.50] 11.00| 6.00 8. 67 \ 22) 26.81 8.09
ae | 33.00 | 27,00:) 90,75 | 11.75| 8.25 9. 62 |)
Pee Oe a aoe =? 2 aatt { Til) 0) | 29:00)| 26.75 - 97.58 | 1825 | 7.00 RSGolfe LE a8: 82 eae
Namietmdon kel eS 2| g | 22.50| 21.50| 2200] 425) 3.00 3. 63 Silk ne ee
RantaBays ot. e. Dime e655) |) 2c 65018 7200 700 7.00 2, okie aie Saree
Dundas Baya. ca: do. « { 2 g oe ne Ue a ceesese oy \ 8 |e onile 8.13
aoe TL eee Rm as Se BOGS ieee ene. 12. 50
Chignmile Bays ge). -2 22 -82-: { oe eee Sr pec eal aaa sf \ 2| 29.06 11. 25
250 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
As a food fish the coho occupies a high rank. The flesh is less firm than that of the red salmon and
the scales fall off more readily when the fish is handled; and the flesh is rather pale in color, not pos-
sessing the deep red hue of the red salmon and the choice chinook. The flavor of the flesh, however,
is excellent, and only the pale color keeps it from ranking with the best. The canners usually pay to
the fishermen the same price for the cohos that they pay for reds.
The coho is canned as ‘“‘coho” or ‘‘medium red.’’ The first of these names is entirely proper and
appropriate, as is also the second, unless possibly it might be objected to as suggesting that the contents
of the can is really the red or sockeye salmon of a color somewhat less red than usual. To the trade,
however, these two names have come to have a definite and well-understood meaning. They are not,
so far as we are informed, ever applied to any other species, and we regard them as wholly satisfactory
trade names.
Commercially the coho is at present, next to the king, the least important of the 5 species found in
Alaska. In 1906 the total catch was 984,804 fish, yielding 113,054 cases, valued at $392,251.
Ture BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHo SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
StaTions IN ALAsKA, 1900 AnD 1904-1906. r
NotTe.—The fact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river
itself; in many instances the fishing station isin the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in order to locate
the stream more clearly. The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream,
as the fish may have been running for some time before the cannery men were able to fish the stream and the pack may
have been obtained and fishing stopped before the end of the season.
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
aa. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
F PE Peet Teen ei ae pi, ae soa edt eS eee ee |e Soa oo
Bering Sea. | | | fons
ieisiiaestke Beggs fs oe 1 bee | June 21 | July 24/ June 25| Aug. 4) July 10 July 30) July 11] Aug. 4
Raachak: Ravers. so3 = ee ete July 20 July 25; July 27} Aug. 3] June 17 | July 28 |....._....
Naknek aa 3p DLBoe cable co kt wr ameten Sema elle aot Pas esr [Rese es See sew eee cre 5a aoe ee (a)
Ugaeuk iver. coo o soe sei ee ee es eee aes | rein iis fe oes as sot Be a ae eee a) (a)
Weizsink Hivet. Se see Sdn reece es eee ee eee eee ae, reese tT June 15 | July 26 |...-.....-
Central Alaska. | ‘|
Chignik ee dud River:¢2 9330) sv Ave: i) Mae de eee | iii, i al Stele hepa Ute eas nex So ee
Kodiak Island: |
Ror Ht 5) A ak is ager a eke | Aug. 25 | Sept. 21 | Aug. 21 | Sept. 30 | July 22 | Sept. 25 | Aug. 13 | Sept. 12
Altiate Bays 455 2282 to) es ee ae ie ge eee Ree capi Aug. 27 | Sept. 3 | Aug. 22 | Aug. 27| Aug. 7| Sept. 2
Cook Inlet (KAS of 2 ee ee ee eae | Daly 1 | Aue) | Maye27 Ads as eS ee | July 16 | Aug. i3
Prince William Sound 6.................... Het Ce Sete aie |a Se ect wetihe oe ax oe Ee |emaa aw Se Meee cote ic See ee
{ | |
Southeast Alaska. | |
: | | |
VWitkotat Bay 26522 asco eee Pe wit [ect ae | “Ana 29)°|' Aves e ZONE ios. ee al ears ee ore aeeea ae
Srétie ebverics. Sse os eee yk a kn en le ee ee do...| Oct. 2 | Aug. 27 | Sept. 27 | Aug. 22 | Sept. 25
‘Antic BaAverscs os ok IR ok aes rapes Aug. 30 | Sept. 29 |. Aug. 29 | Sept. 29 |....do_.. Do.
ABKAW SIGUE 255-5 o.26 22h se oo ee ed ee ee ee Aug. 27 | Sept. 12 | Aug. 21 | Sept. 14 | Aug. 14 | Sept. 15
Alirnelinaver lo oe tet ees: em nana ees eee ell negroes ne Aug. 30 | Oct. 3] Aug. 27 | Sept. 27 | Sept. 1 | Sept. 13
Alirutdiad Slompas oh oe eae open ee mega) We Ue aaa oie wipe coca Sept. 14'| Sept.26 |-22.-.05.
AG eee ey Ve SNe alte pe tae eg pede ee er ee Soe mlb Sea Set Hs Sine eee AUpo16 (hap: 1601. et
Suree Bay \Yakowi Pslands 7230 Sse edad See ob Seer eae es ern ee ree July 25 |} Aug. 20 | July 25| Aug. 11
Tskanis Day,y seo island. 22 25S oo alae us bee Te ee mee ct rel oi okey July 29 | Aug. 27 | Aug. 11 Do.
Cape Edward, off Chicagol island S222 92.18 7 ee a oh ee atte ieee ea ate are Ae 20 Ais. 2a ee
Portlock Harbor, Caicacol Islande soe ens ee edhe See renee ee I eae ee Aug. 10 | Aug. 10 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 25
Cross, Sound: "Taylor Bays. so a a Re eh arnt Ne cesta cae AUG 2, | AUS. 27 4s eee ae
Lisianski an ins hs me Be ee a See A Si ae are AS | ee ae ee pL a See July 31} July 31
RocHbAReING (1) 02225 bo Sh ss Soe eA SOD ee A ek ere 1 es epee Aug. 6" pass 13 eee aes
: POLCHPINE (7) 2 Fas 2S Sek cere ee See ee eet ees Sn eee See Sse oleae pears Aug. 13 | Aug. 27 | Sept. 3} Sept. 3
cy Strait: |
Mundas Bay oe ee OS ae ee Ape Rett eres cee 2 One aL ae nee |....do...; Sept. 13 | Sept. 5 | Sept. 17
Glacier Bay—Bartlett Bay............. Aug. 20 | ol 5) 0 Fev Od WS aloe, a eee Ih ah es | Aug. 26 | Sept. 11 | Aug. 28 | Sept. 19
Picasant island ose: S25: eg sed ote tos eee [eee ee “...| June 15 | Oct. 8} June 22 | Sept. 9 | July 6) Sept. 13
I XCUISIOM Webs cosas ee es ee ee Se ee ERAS ae ame es S| i ete lesa Ae ee i Sbeeer cee Sept. 8 | Sept. 20
: zou Frederick, Chichagof Island.......).......... / Le eS eee et Feige g age ar [Sas ee ae pee | Be 5
yin Cana so che east eheasosa eee e tee ee ore ee ese une 25 Uy pad to legge Sa | 2 ene uly 27 | Sept. 23
Ciniikootunlet 2nd Hiver 23.522 coeea|i oe eee ete eee June 20)| (Sept. 17 | 22. 2-222- aed ele
ss Balch And Biver oa o} 224 03. cos uls are edhe eee Aug. 23 | Sept. 23 ane 20 | gabe 15 : une 29 | Sept. 22
Bagle Riversis setoc 2. 55 des noes scl aaahey Ao leh ee ee eh ee eee ae | July. 15,|.2. dol JnlyaeasSepe. 3
Lenn COyes onset os oan rock catia ee ol oe eee ee ee aes ee | eee = Jaly 1 | ’Sept. 15a ee
POmt LOUise so esos eee de eS ee IAG I, Pe A |) eee oa ee [ae aes 8 seta Pol ae GOe slot ee ee
Agk BAG: Goce o et oe eee ces ee Pe ROC Oe Peete oo poet ee Aaago1b cid cela tates
a Run too late. 61891, August 4 to September 14.
THE FISHES
OF ALASKA.
251
THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHO SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
Stations In AuAska, 1900 anv 1904-1906—Continued.
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
|
Waters. Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
Chatham Strait: |
Hunter Bay, Adnuraltyeislande as ssoes\esteses: elenesdances June 1 | Sept. 15 | July 11 | Sept.16 | July 4] Sept. 5
Freshwater Bay, Chichagof Island.....|........--|---------- Ditty ——a PANU epee ceils ae (gee eecesce
Basket-bay, Chichagot Islands. \seascea| 282556 s|sac2ccsee- Is N ANN eeee E)I ee wvasc' es eae ek aes
TES rAig Git JESU Ss gc See ee ie ee a een hel (open ae ee ee Auge 300 Oete ih sees2e5-5 2
INorbiwe Atma: peutic amd eels ee eee eee ei AUIS 28h Spied Lomein moses lian oe cela tal: Aug. 15 | Sept. 20
South Arm, Kuiu Island......,...- PSC Allyn PANO aati Oetrege ery ayn pees aed toes | pele ake El 8 2 do...| Sept. 15
Tebenkof Bay—Kuiu Bay, Kuiu isla ri eran neu leee Merete 8 Gal a Aug. 30 | Sept. 30 |....do-..-.| Sept. 20
SLEWHEN Se EASA eee ere ee at a eae eee Cunt Ree ah Ss rare crave ae Jimllys Zo "Sept. 71) Aes lb) | Septs db: es. 522. -
MRS Ct rears es hee eh Ss fects aterce PANE sapien MO Ct sp halys |Past sages Ale Sete See CKO eal rriaO KO) asl rs
ZOTEROTME GELS Maier ene eevee ete eran. = Reena ra ale es cine cesarean See icle ccisee aoellvcise do. Hud Olieall erates
Sey TMU CAMs § Sa sess seco ads ore seel WE teste lesen epeerca | aaa 7 Pes gre aac Cae eS |e July — | Sept. —
Frederick Sound:
SA einai Daye Kountilislandmay secs case chee och esol Peco clanee s\lscccesce- cllecsneeec es Auiee 238’ OCtwe 2: | henaeees.
Hamilton Bay, Kupreanof Island.-.....|..........|----.--.--- NTP RE ZO TSE Pilten oi aera oe mel acne ee ce Se
Portage Bay, upreanof Island... :- 2c)... 42. 5.|.-...25-:< ATU Fe St EAL Se a, OW emer See tieecl en Ses el eas en te
Clore laid pees SiG paeeters ey nt arene em men LER en uek | memes x ais ea ere ee A ee he See Soe July 17 | Aug. 27
TG TSUUS HERES SSS SHS Orr eae Seay Bice tees ore eae ees pi Be hp ers ate peecre (en AID O Cis yu laste ae
Wrangell Strait:
Petersburg Creek, Mitkof Island.......|.........-|..------.- July 29 | Sept.16 | Aug. 5| Sept. 9 | Aug. 1 | Sept. 13
Bhindseomiye ikon lamahi itt ssce 2 treme we ee ee es ee yoo July 1) Oct. 15) Aug. 14 | Sept. 10
DuncamiCanal- kKeapreanot Islands 5.22255. -|2 2252-55) al-c22222 July 28 | Sept. 17 | Aug. 8 | Sept. 9 | July 27 | Aug. 25
Sea Otter Sound: |
Mixekan yy erince Oh Wales islamdas | =8| 2s fee.sce - 5 Sciences alee eres oc oc cleat cee clok tek wae cahees eeleec ce | Aug. 25 | Sept. 1
Tokheni Stream, Kosciusco Island.....|..........|---------- Sept. 1] Sept. 11 | Sept. 15 | Sept. 15 |..........
Iphigenia Bay: Warm Chuck, Heceta
IWenaGl a ss bacese es cote See Rr es Ges o RGREE IEEE ote eee tal A ae eet Renee |e Ree ae Aug. 29 | Sept. 14 Aug. 21 Sept. 3
Tonowek Bay: |
Sarkar, Prince of Wales Island......... Aug. 14/ Sept. 16 | July 15 | Sept. 24 | July 10) Sept. 16 | Aug. 28 | Sept. 1
Neihiaikeanye rim ecerolmWalesprslecim cay capi sien pep co) Speen ee sila Ae Nel ae oR aS oh oe ees eee Aug. 29 | Sept. 5
Gulf of Esquibel: Shineha Creek, Eminee of
ANN TIRSMEONG LCRA Ses ERG RE Be A tice OTL cit, = Aree ey ee oe 8 eae S| ae ee ee (ee | Sept. 19 | Sept. 19
San Alberti Bay: |
Stayne Chuck, Prince of Wales Is-
GHA CO Ss Ae BATE cS ASAE mE a cieebaea Ire 2 emt ky [et ys Dara eg Sept. L|FOck 8) Auge liz Septisdsa ee 2ee ee
Klawak Inlet, Prince of Wales Island..| Aug. 14 | Sept. 24 | Aug. 26 |....do...| Aug. 24 | Sept. 14 | Sept. 1) Sept. 26
Soda Harbor, Prince of Wales Island. .|}..........|.......-.- DEP Uses OU SCD ti 24 eee yee ee eran els dors. Do.
Big Harbor, Prince of Wales Island....|.......-..|...------- Aug. 31 | Sept. 23 | Aug. 22 | Sept. 14 |....do Do.
Cordova Bay:
Sukkwan, Prince of Wales Island......|..........|.........- ON OFM fall PSE) OES |e ieee, Cate eee eee a S=dor Do.
Eletias se rince Or VWalesvisland 2-5 o.oo jee. clocsnccee as Aug. 27 | Sept. 24 | Aug. 29 | Sept. 14 |.........-
Nutkeva Inlet, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|...----.-- RSTO) Oe it MSY 8 6c 2A Sp ane ne Ue
Hunter Bay, Prince of Wales Island...|..........|.......... JN ah ie sy) Nol alr’ |) WS jows alts | SAE eS see
Sumner Strait:
Shipley Bay, Kosciusko VUSS USN aN IR sa mrs Sa a ae | ae A NS Sth SEDI pe baal ayia Baio | Meee arse Aug. 21 Sept. 3
Seclustonvearbor) Kean Mslamdios. 222 oie eee sete ee Sepia wan sepe IseiSepia | Sepi-y 8) basses n- |
O@ksya Passe enidelslandhG?) tee eeise ose el cick a Aug. 28 | Sept. 15 | Aug. 23 | Oct. 2 | Aug. 10 | Sept. 30
Point Barrie Stream, KupreanofIsland.|..........|.....-..-- Aug. 3] Aug. 24| Aug. 5| Aug. 28 | July 30) Aug. 23
Movempebaye Keurpreanon Ilamde 2 =o 4seele see eee oles ee Aug. 12 | Sept. 6 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 25 | Aug. 17 | Aug. 24
Red Bay, Prince of Wales Island......- Aya yE Aas eh ee |S See genta Aug. 25 | Aug. 28 | Aug. 7| Sept. 7| Aug. 4); Aug. 31
IBN! Sioyoredok Wahaicont IiMenaGl ss ae SES Le i eee SHOU Se Ie ASS] OL re lh ee ee SNS eo a eee
RSUUIPOU AS JR GIe Wes o oe ieee Soe BI es eS et Ue toe | eta eer ree July 29 | Sept. 6) July 30 Aug. 4
Zimovia Strait: |
Olivens ahve say Olio shame eae ope ee eee See oe Sh BM ae ee eS ee Aug. 25! Sept. 5 | Aug. 10, Aug. 30
Thoms (old viliage) Stream, Wrangell |
JESU ANG gate sae = BN At aE See, See ANE ee ie MUST OL OOD Lgl ae |= aoe oes aa laes ote leew eal a Re Aes. ol Sept. 3B
Clarence Strait:
Salmon Bay, Prince of Wales Island...|..........|.......... July 29 | Sept.15 | July 1) Sept. 8} July 1! Sept. 4
Hagie Creek, Prince of Wales Island... .|..-.....-.|/.--.----- Aug. 18 | Sept. 4 |....do. Sept. 27 |....do...| Sept. 6
WihtaletPassave. Prince ot Walestisland sxc eee of ie oes) eee eee ele se sce ct do. Sept. 8 |....do- Sept. 10
wake Bay, -erineeror Wallesmstamd ss: 2a) 20. 2 2 eae ee Aug. 25 | Sept. 15 | June 25 | Sept. 1 ~.O- Sept. 4
CofimaniC overderineeotiWalesslislan dirs. a ase, 56 he re eee ee etal eke are |lsiemicio ms aolls sa cumeacte ate do. Do.
Valdemar Bay, Prince of Wales Island.|..........|.......-.- SOMtsm Ouse Totes Onli ase tac see ace te. alice ERI
Steamer Bay, Prince of Wales Island..|..........|........-- PASH Di PACT pe iL aS hs fen ait Soph
Rockye Baye senincelon Wialespisland™® - 2! as. J. 3-ssl see. 525 Aug. 1] Sept. 10 | Aug. 7] Sept..8 | July 1 Do.
RAZ LAR vOre Erince Or wwalesmislandi|. sae See tse See Saeco leetaseue Vunter25) | Septal nas dos: Do.
Ernest Sound—
Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula). 23) 522 e052 ese ee Aug. 8/| Aug. 8] Sept. 2| Sept. 4/ July 17/ Aug. 14
Mixen) oimnbaClevelamad=Penmm sulla alec hose) eye UN pen le ea Spt es eer! Aug. 8 | Aug. 26
JEON bua OG Ed iO) a I SUE TA CP a es ek SN I i a ie 8 AC a reg ee Aug. 25 | Aug. 30
IMeneieesumleiee bit Olmawlis ain Gey eared |yeet are alii cree ie nl Sc ae, eke acl eve eee eee feiss cine Soe Sik July 25| Aug. 5
Santa Anna Bay, Cleveland Penin-
SST heey ea er ae Ree Ye ep hana tena Sa ae ec Bepsae Wieieed CWE gore CURRIN ole AR Ue ee a I ane eo a Aug. 27 | Aug. 27
AnansCreek, Cleveland: Peninsula: | 2.5. .s222|<4<2- .2-2-|-.-222-22|-<--005- 52 July 1) Sept. 1| July 1) Sept. 4
JONG IES) TBI ASH CIR) ses ere Bel oP Nee es Sa Aare een a EN pr | Sept. 6 | Sept. 8
Vcc ew Acreiratet Qe) Renee ae eed ee ele el me mee Se eae el be oe ov Poe aa ce nate Sept. 11 | Sept. 16
Wn Kwyneaye CONS (CIO) et SR EE aR ae HEE eee aN ee on | Ee | ce ee! per eee Aug. 14 | Aug. 30
Sidiany Lome (7). sdassa de acts eed Sollee Gee a a calcd Se oe ce ea Slee 1 ea a a eee are | | Sept. 10 | Sept. 16
959 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Tue BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR CoHo SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
STATIONS IN ALASKA, 1900 anp 1904-1906—Continued.
1900. 1904.
1905. 1906.
Waters. ie Se neh See 5 aS See
Fishing Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing Fishing Fishing | Fishing
began— ended— | began— | ended—| began— ended— / began— | ended—
/
Southeast Alaska—Continued. |
Clarence Strait—Continued. |
Meyers Stream, Cleveland Peninsula. .|22...2...-|.22202.-2-|.-22 222.5 patina Spe aly scabgetec Piper oor | Aug. 11 Sept. 3
Thome, Bay, Prince of Wales islagd cfs. So Bae. see aa ee Ege es rere) Mets cogs tee pg a a |....40.>.) Sept..4
Kasaan Bay— :
Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island-; Aug. 30 | Sept. 20 |......-..-|...-.....- [istics eS ae | oe eres ee Aug. 15 | Sept. 3
Skowl.Arm, Prinés of Wales Islan Gy. alee Behe eee ae oe pee Sis cet mee ale Aug. 4] Sept. 6
Behm Canal—
Naha Stream, Revillagigedo Island.|_.........|......-.-- Jathy 15a) Sept. 1. a= 23 see dee a ee ee
Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula...... Aug hl Séptnitd- sees" PRE eens Me eae ng lat og Aug. 20 | Sept. 15
Cheeais Streams .<2-22< 1 or ae Y daly 26) Senta at ests SPE Rag Ree, RC ea Rpm (Gomer Ser oo Vex i 2 Sea ea
Smeaton: Bay. o.oo: & elo a eee ee fete i ed SEPE-o | SEDbS re oes, oe eels Etec a ae ee
Tongass Narrows—Ward Cove, Revil- | |
japipedo island | o.2 22/2. S32 ee eee July 13") Septscied=> oe ea pee eter oe jossos cre | StS eel Sihy een Sep aan
Cholmondeley Sound...............-.-- Seed bois (Sone Ran re ee peace eg ac Saxe | Aug. 5| Nov. 7 | July 30} Oct. 30
Dora Bay, Prince of Wales Island. -.|._......-- TRA Tones [ee OES oe ed Peg Ney ee le Aug. 3/| Sept. 5 | July 31 | Sept. 15
Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince |
OFwW alestishind:: 5228 Sere eee July 28 | Sept. 1/| July 16 Sept. 15 | July 19 Sept. 8 | June 30 | Sept. 14
Moira Sound— | /
North Arm, Prince of Wales Island=] 2s. 220282)! 33 pigeon Aug. 19 | Sept. 12 | July 13 | Sept. 8
Shalelair; Prince of Wales Istand' |i. 2.4. 222 2)2 se ees 4 ee gee Aug: 25"| Sept:-'8! |:e-s2e82 2. |
Browns, Prince of Wales Island... .|......2..-}.-..--22.- gee Be Pe (Ete PS eR (A oo Os ot asc eat ee:
South Arm— | / )
Keegan stream, Prince of Wales |
Enlai oe OY ao 2 Oak ee el ee ee Aug. 4° Sept. 2) Aug. 11 | Sept. 9 July 11) Sept. 6
Old Johnson Stream, Prince of | |
Wales Ishin: 222..s20 5° ee ea ae res a pe rs Aes ee ae eee ee Bete jae ee | July 13 | Sept. 3
Nichols Passage— | / ) |
Gravina Bay, Gravina Island...-..- Pete nl nies s papa ears se - Aug. 22:4 SEDts. 442 Ge = ee [i Sa oe cle es pee
Bostwick Inlet, Gravina Island ....|..........|....----.- Sent. {3r| Sseites 1a eee |i Percise 52s Pon Cee Oe
Hemlock Island, off Annette Tabak ee SLE Oe cee eure Age 26:4 Sept. 9 iss s3 sae eee ae) See
Tain, Annette Pedanid «60. oy ame eee ee | Aug. 4)| Sept. 2} Aug. 3) Sept. 2) Aug. 8 | Sept. 15
Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island.-.....- | Sept. 4 Sept. 4) Aug. 9/| Sept.13 | Aug. 12 | Sept. 1 | July 24) Aug. 29
Nadyaeer, Annette Island............-- bie tee BR ea nce Waste) “Fe > fue eo ae eae [Se ees Sept. 7) Sept. 8
Revillagigedo Channel: | |
George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island. .-.--. Jaby 25°) Sept: “Oduly 70 Septeconias sees |e x era July 6) Sept. 1
Hassler Harbor, Annette Island...-.-.-- DEN CO ay a Aup. 28:|Sept. «3 |e.5- Ses: est rigle ae eee (Sa
Waney, Eades (2)'2 22 ea te a eres Ieee pee oe of a Sage el prey ete meee meet ET ee ate) je pete tes Ny! Sept. 14 | Sept. 19
Duke: Fabra ss 222 Sas ee ee Key steer Sa) Rs a Aug. 10 | Sept. 10 | Aug. 7 | Sept. 1; Aug. 8} Aug. 31
Ra SuAKeS COVE foo 5) eee le a eee ERE he eens ene \ tes oem end [bi ies a | ee Ht anes ab a | July 24) Aug. 23
Wopey Baye oAcen. ee epee ee ae | aed ae mens bode. ce Sept. 1 | SEDiis (passers bic se ER ue eae
31. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Red Salmon; Redfish; Sockeye; Blueback Salmon.
(Pl. XX xINI—xXXVI.)
This species also is of wide distribution. On the American coast its range extends from southern
Oregon to Bering Sea. The most southern stream from which it has been reported is the Sacramento,
from which it wasrecorded by Dr. Jordan in 1880, but it isnot known whether he actually examined
a specimen. Jn 1899 Mr. F. M. Chamberlain, of the Bureau of Fisheries, identified a single specimen
which he obtained at Baird as belonging to this species. During the very extended study of the sal-
mon of the Sacramento River by Mr. Rutter, no examples were seen by him. It is certain, therefore,
that if this species of salmon occurs in the Sacramento River at all it is very rare.
The fishermen on the coast of Humboldt County, Cal., obtain a salmon which they call blueback or
sockeye. The statistical report shows that the catch in 1899 was 21,600 pounds, and that of 1904 was
272,840 pounds. Whether these fish are really the blueback, or red, salmon is questionable. Eel River,
Humboldt County, is the stream on which this fishery is located, and it has never been known as a
blueback salmon stream. It is not known to have any lakes in its headwaters to which this species
could resort for spawning purposes. Whether the blueback salmon occurs in it or not, therefore, must
be regarded as a subject for future investigation. The same may be said regarding the Klamath River.
The Columbia is the most southern river in which this species is known to run inanynumbers. For-
merly, and up perhaps to about 1890, there was a considerable run in the Columbia, and important
spawning beds existed in the headwaters of that river, particularly at Wallowa Lake in Oregon and the
Payette lakes and the Sawtooth lakes in Idaho. A few bluebacks are seen at each of these lakes each
season now, but they are only a pitiful remnant of the great schools that formerly came to them at spawn-
ing time. North of the Columbia the next blueback salmon stream is the Quiniault on the coast of
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. PATS
Washington. At one time this was said to be an excellent blueback stream, able to supply to the In-
dians of the Quiniault Reservation a large part of their food. It is said that there is still a small run
here. There is also a small run in Ozette Lake, just south of Cape Flattery.
Of the streams tributary to Puget Sound the only ones in which the sockeye, as this salmon is usually
called in that region, is known to run are the Lake Washington system of lakes, the Skagit and, pos-
sibly, the Snohomish, the Stillaguamish, and the Nooksak. The only one of these, however, in which
there is any considerable run is the Skagit, which the fish ascend to reach Baker Lake for spawning
purposes. Doubtless the greatest of all the sockeye streams is the Fraser River. Ever since the
early days of the salmon canning industry on our western coast the Fraser has been famous for the enor-
mous runs of sockeyes which ascend that great river to the lakes at its headwaters.
Going northward from the Fraser we find several streams in British Columbia in which the sockeyes
run in considerable numbers. The principal of these are the Skeena, Rivers Inlet, Naas, Lowe Inlet,
Dean Channel, Namu Harbor, Bella Coola, Smith Inlet, Alert Bay, and Alberni Canal. It is by far
the most abundant and most important salmon in British Columbia waters. In Alaska, where it is
known as the redfish, red salmon, or sockeye, it is abundant and runs in great numbers in all
suitable streams. In Southeast Alaska the following are the most important red salmon streams: Naha,
Boca de Quadra, Yes Bay, Nowiskay, Keegan, Peter Johnson, Klawak, Hessa, Hetta, Hunter Bay,
Chilkat, Taku, Chilkoot, Karta, Thorne Bay, Stikine, etc.; in Central Alaska, Alsek, Copper, Afognak,
Karluk, Alitak, Chignik, Knik, and Sushitna; in the Bristol Bay region, the Ugashik, Naknek,
Kvichak, Nushagak, and Wood. The red salmon is said to ascend the Yukon, at least to Caribou
Crossing, but we have seen no specimens from that river and do not know whether there is any con-
siderable run init. Nor do we know whether the species occurs in the Kuskokwim, the Kobuk, or any
stream north of the Nushagak. On the Asiatic side the red salmon is known to occur at Bering Island
and in all suitable streams south to Japan.
This species of salmon is peculiar in that it rarely or never ascends a stream that has not one or
more lakes at its headwaters. Its spawning beds are invariably in small streams tributary to lakes
or, rarely, in the lakes themselves. No red salmon is known to have spawned in any stream not con-
nected with a lake. Some have been seen occasionally in the lower part of a stream which had no
lake in its course, but it is believed such individuals soon discovered their mistake and promptly
returned downstream in search of the proper water. The only instances of this kind which have
come under the personal observation of the senior author are the following: In August, 1903, while
at Sitka, he saw a red salmon speared by an Indian in Indian River near the bridge; which, however,
is only a short distance above the mouth of the stream; it is understood there is no lake in this stream.
The other case is that of Gold Fork, a tributary of Payette River, Idaho. While at Payette Lake in
September, 1894, he learned, on what he believes to be entirely trustworthy evidence, that red salmon
are sometimes seen in the mouth of that stream, but that they soon return and ascend the main fork
of the Payette, which comes from Big Payette Lake, in whose inlet there were formerly important
spawning beds. The origin and significance of this peculiar habit are not known. The problem is
one worthy of investigation.
The red salmon is the neatest and most symmetrical of the salmon. In the sea, or when fresh
run, it is clear sky blue on the back and upper part of the sides, shading to clean silvery white below
and on belly. Soon after entering the river for the purpose of spawning, the color of the head changes
to a rich olive, the back and sides to crimson and finally to a dark blood red, richest in the males, and
the belly a dirty white. Some of the scales become dark edged and the middle of the side shows the
darkest red, but unevenly. At the same time the flesh becomes spongy, the scales embedded, the
back somewhat humped, and the jaws hooked and otherwise distorted.
The run of the red salmon in Alaska begins usually in June; in Bering Sea and Central Alaska
early in June or even in May, while in Southeast Alaska it is one to three weeks later. The earliest
recorded date we have is May 6, for Eyak and the Copper River region. In Bering Sea the run is
usually over by the end of July, in Central Alaska and Prince William Sound by the end of August,
and in Southeast Alaska by the 10th of September or earlier. The period of the run of red salmon in
different parts of Alaska, so far as the records show it, is given in the table on page 254.
254
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
THE BEGINNING AND ENDING oF CoMMERCIAL FISHING FOR RED SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
Stations In Axaska, 1900 anp 1904-1906.
Note.—The iact that the name of a river is given does not necessarily mean that fishing is carried on in the river itself;
in many instances the fishing stationisin the vicinity of the stream and its name has been used in orderto locate the station
more Clearly.
The dates given do not necessarily mean the beginning and ending of the run for each stream, as the fish may
have been running for some time before the cannerymen were able to fish the stream and the pack may have been secured
and fishing stopped before the end of the run.
June 5 | Aug. 4
June 16 | July 20
June 22 | July 27
June 20 | Aug. 7
June 21 | July 31
June 15 | July 25
June 18 | July 31
June 15 | July 24
June 7 | Aug. 14
June 15 | Sept. 13
June 7/| July 15
June 8/| July 7
July 3) Sept. 4
| ners
| June 16 | July 17
July 13 | Aug. 27
‘June 3. Aug. 13
July 20 | Aug. 20
July Aug. —
July — |} Aug. —
“May 12| July 30
seed oes: Do.
.2 do. 2); 3 1ne) 30
Ese Ore Do
eedOsey-{edtahyn oie
“May 12| Do.
pees | Ate rel
2. GOL 4] ily 42
“May 12) June 30
July 1{| July 28
June 12} June 26
June 1/| Aug. 8
June 20} July 31
June 18} Aug. 9
June 4 Do.
“June 26 | Aug. 11
--s2d0-~.|' July 22
July 4] July il
Aug. 25 | Aug. 25
“June 15 | July 25
..-do...| Aug. 10
June 30/ July 2
July 25 | Aug. 28
iis July 31
June 26| Aug. 1.
July 9) July 9
June 26 | July 30
June 28 | July 31
July 1] Aug. 23
June 29 | Sept. 22
...do...| Sept. 10
1900. 1904. 1905.
Waters. | fb we ae: / ee =A Se | Sui
| Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
began— ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
|
Bering Sea.
Washarak Bay 222 30.82 te Se oo eae | June 20 July 25| June 8| Aug. 4) June 5/ July 28
Tgushik ‘River: 2. o6 26 oo oe ae re eee | June 28 | July 28 | June 21 | July 14
Wood River is! 2550 550 ee Be er ot ee ily 5 eRoilyol hee ae ee |e eae
Kyichake Rive4ns-200 he © ee hee ie eS nee June 23 | Aug. 1/ June 21| Aug. 5 | June 13| Aug. 2
Naknek ativer 2 o< 3-5-9 Nae on ee | June 18 | July 28 | June 22| Aug. 2) June 14} July 30
Ugasuksiivess 2s es AS ee eee | July 1) July 25 | June 25 | July 25 | June 23 July 25
Usasbik River stone ote eed June 21 | July 29 | June 26 | Aug. 1) June 13! July 28
Nelspus Taecoon': (eo...) 2 Sai oe ee eee [eget as emteecae” Rc aimee acai icin 2 Bunun ae
Central Alaska.
Chignik Lagoon and River............... .| June 6/| Aug. 19 | June 8} Aug. 14} June 10} Aug. 13
Kodiak Island:
De conc UC 5 SEI 5d 1c ae oe | June 4) Sept. 21 | June 6 | Sept. 30 | June 5 | Sept. 25
RGM GRA OT no ee ee eee eh ne [ca Ein, eae | oo eek ee June 1] July 27 | May 29 | July 17
Tiptlemiveren. ole eee eg June 8 | Aug. 13 | May 30] July 24) May 27 | July 19
TUL ak Spay o 2 > 2s Ne MS ee ee ee eee ee eee June 15 | Sept. 3 June 18 | Aug. 21
TOSE ass = Be et ar pe or ee A al Ce Mini. MGs ane 17 Wo ee ep ate
SUFSS Wiles 24.2] Seno eA Cae Peer AL) Mim tew faa ters bec oe os | June 5] Aug. 3} June 12} July 5
WW aiterialis 5 oe) tae oS ee peas Sao | ee eae ea pee Ma pid [bm Sky BS RS eee July 7} Aug. 8
SOMGH BIG 5S. hs <n eee ed ee eet Oe Ss [; PASape eee eA TON ce SL ans ee eee
Cook Inlet (Kasilof)...........-.---.---...-| Jume — | Aug. 10 | May 27 | Aug. 4] May 28} July 13
Prince William Sound: 4 |
Chenega -Sireaime 32225 ane Means oe Wee errs eee tS DIAG 2 ABLY, OO oie PEN gee
Billys Ole s23 4 eee ne ee eee eee ees ed Wee ieee ee COE. apse dO. Os ee ae
Minéts River.).o.3 35'S eae ek we amie ost Pn Nore iy eee oS SOC odin ese eee al eee
Tole aie yer so eh reece Ae atl cal eee ee Peer stern < [ee eee July 27 | Aug. 2
Byak Lakoandeitiivers=. f2c2 2. seers pie vee eae oe May 6] July 18 | June 10] July 28
Mountain Slough: )oo eS. 3 oo See ee ee eer eee See ies memes ee Pree eee (Ree et, es See ee oe
Copper HOV er Seer eee a pe et oe ea as A ee ee cee Eee eae peers Ae ACR eee May 15 | July 25
Pete Dah Slough: .2 262 4-2 see Sek hee! ie ae 2 ee ee May 6) Saliy 203 |e eee ee ee
Gus Wilson Sloushia 22.2223 eo alec ee eee [ae os Ae ee ee ee eee
Castile Slonphe’ oo) fae ire US Se heen ines ee ena ene ae May 6) |Jdtily. 12a See se ee cee
Peter Walhatlh, Slovphojs2 2s 2 seers Pages rp Sl ea nee Vedo2 ¢ =| Se ee peas Come
G. Stevens long se oe (eStats. [i Sok ere aoe 6 Fe epee Relea Coe tae oo De lees eere
Mastut River 2 422052 ce ee ene ee ee Se Bees .-..do.°.| July 10 | May 15 | July 25
Entide Beaver Lo. ee ee eee ee aes Sere oe See Pee nee 8 pe ee ae
Ttalinn White Ue oer sy Pe ee ye Reet Me Spe rane eaten a May) 6) | July t2ou bo esas| eee eee
Wier Ss oot eh os Sc eee emer ol ee eee Se see eens (eee: ae mee | Seeee We areas riot ah oe
Suge Pomig.6 2.2252 Pos 5 ee Se ee Oe ee Ge ee = See eee eee ee oe ee ee eee
Chilkat Biverece 22.8 cca th sa eee see ee pee | June ee Taahy MO ayes se ele eee
Southeast Alaska.
Vaksutab. Bay 22-6 seis 2cS ns el Sree Sd ie Be ee el] a a let re cl eg ee See ete ee eee
Situk Bivere.. Sec sco 552 ee a ee eI seca te nem June 15! July 30| June 7} Aug. 9
Aman tivet:2 so ote pee eee eee a sretouins ou eealiee Feet es July 5| Aug. 2] June 20} July 26
Artiean Slough Oo on a ak a eas eae eh ee ae eee July 10} Aug. 1) June 12} Aug. 4
A irri lil River oo roe ee ee ae eS tee er ee eee July 6 |‘Aug. 17 | June 21 | July 5
Lituya Bay 26 2523 2st tes oF oo ES eS ee ee ee ee ee ene Aug. 16 | Aug. 16
Surce Bay, Yakobiishiid.. eos eee ean ee eee eee June 22 Aug. 24 | June 20 | Aug. 29
Takinis Bay, Yakobi Islasd- sj 9223225 |i ee ee es eee cee slater eae HOSE. dOoes
Cape Edward,:off Chicagot Island: J. 522) 2222 oa Se June 22 | Aug. 24 |....do..-| July 29
Portlock Harbor, Chicagot Island 5 nee ees] Ps es | eee ean re en ed
Redoubt Bay; Baraiot. island) (32-2 oe = ete | ae es Se eee Jie, 224 ASDA Oe Soe eee ee
Necker Bay, sBaranof islands: 2232. 5 es See ae eS] ees he See a ae See See nd re ee ee rede
Redfish Bay. Barandt Ushind: 33254) hate eo a eee July 20 | Aug. 20 | July 15} Aug. 10
Cross Sound:
Cape:Spencer ... 3. .2 20 aoe ea Se oe ea oe a I Ce EN ene Fly Tees ee |
PAVION, Babys: tiles boo es ee See epee ees [bean oes Aug. 12 | Aug. 24 | June 21 | Aug. 27
LARGIANISED SUTAIG. oc 2 5 tc oe cee Sete ae ce es eee ee eee | ee eee July 28 | Aug, 3
BEng: (eto) 872 5,7 GS oe OE, Serer mI DR SNS A! [a Bae aL Rae ee Te (1c Be RM PYRE Col oh a 3 July 27 | July 29
Kochtakewie( t))5 255-4555 2..5- BP cada ly Sesh) UE En °C a 1s oe Lele el pias Sela seen mean aie June 20 | Aug, 13
Poreupiie (2). so US ee a ee ee 2 een Perens Reese se June 26. | ole ee
Icy Strait:
Disidas Bay Gi yee ase a sora sat eae ee ee eee June 22 | Aug. 25 | June 20} Aug. 3
Glacier Bay—Bartlett Bay............- June 25 | Ang 7 125 cok Boe een June 21 July 30
Pleasant Eelatid ss. 3 poo po cnc saee - ack sol wok eke wa ae June 15 | Oct. 8 | June 22 | Sept. 15
Lynn Canady, 22320 Se gee Poet c el eo ee eer ee ae ee eee JUHC 25) Cees aOi |S oc eee | ee eee
Chilkoot Inlet and River.............-- | July. 12 | Aug. 22} July 10} Sept.17 | July 15 | Aug. 15
Chilkat Tulet:dud Rivers: 555: 22625-- | July 25! Sept. 1! June 24 Sept. 23 | June 27 | Sept. 15
2 1891, June 16 to July 13.
1906.
Fishing Fishing
began— ended—
ed
THE FISHES OF ALASKA,
255
Tur BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FISHING FoR RED SALMON AT VARIOUS FISHING
Stations In ALASKA, 1900 anp 1904-1906—Continued.
Waters.
Southeast Alaska—Continued.
Lynn Canal—Continued.
Eagle River
Tee Harbor
Lena Cove
Funter Bay, Admiralty Island
Basket Bay, Chichagof Island
Sitkoh Bay, Chichagof Island...........
Peril Strait
Red Bluff Bay, Baranof Island........-
Gut Baye Baranot Island: 2 220.50 228
Bay of Pillars—South Arm, Kuiu
Island
Tebenkof Bay:
Aleek Stream, Kuiu Island.........!
Kenta Baw. kemnilslamds oS =
Stephens Passage:
AD cyt Gna Cesk Nas As ee) ee ne ose
Port senethishame: ees... fae ees
Frederick Sound:
Portage Bay, Kupreanof Island
Cleveland Passage
Wrangell Strait: Petersburg Creek,Mitkof
Island
Dunean Canal, Kupreanof Island..........
Sea Otter Sound: Tokhini Stream, Kosci-
usko Island
Iphigenia Bay: Warm Chuck, Heceta Island
Tonowek Bay:
Sarkar, Prince of Wales Island........
Nahakay, Prince of Wales Island
San Alberti Bay:
Klawak Inlet, Prince of Wales Island...
Soda Harbor, Prince of Wales Island. -
Cordova Bay:
Hetta, Prince of Wales Island..........
Klakas Inlet, Prince of Wales Island...
Hunter Bay, Prince of Wales Island . ..
Hessa Inlet, Prince of Wales Island....
Nichols Bay, Prince of Wales Island
Sumner Strait:
Shipley Bay, Kosciusko Island.........
Calder and Eleopdam Bay, Prince of
Wiallesiiislamd scan 200. Ua keen testa:
Point Barrie Stream, Kupreanof Island.
Red Bay, Prince of Wales Island.......
Totem Bay, Prince of Wales Island....
Blind Slough, Mitkof Island.........._.
SwilkaiMe RAIN CIE ee ae ea cn es
Zimovia Strait: Thoms (old village) Stream,
Wrangell Island
Clarence Strait:
Salmon Bay, Prince of Wales Island. ..
Eagle Creek, Prince of Wales Island. ...
Whale Passage, Prince of Wales Island.
Lake Bay, Prince of Wales Island.
Valdemar Bay, Prince of Wales Island.
Rocky Bay, Etolin Island
Ratz Harbor, Prince of Wales Island - .
Ernest Sound—
Union Bay, Cleveland Peninsula. -.
Point Warde, Cleveland Peninsula.
Anan Creek, Cleveland Peninsula...
Meyers Stream, Cleveland Peninsula ...
Thorne Bay, Prince of Wales Island...
Kasaan Bay—
Karta Bay, Prince of Wales Island.
Twelvemile Arm, Kina Stream,
Prince of Wales Island...........
Skowl Arm, Prince of Wales Island
Behm Canal—
Helm Bay, Cleveland Passage......
Naha Stream, Revillagigedo Island.
Yes Bay, Cleveland Peninsula......
Chickamin River
Checats stream
ee eect eee se eee eee ee ee
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
| Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing | Fishing
| began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended— | began— | ended—
oho ecient | BRS Os 9 Se ANAC SPE eget July 1.) Sept.15 | June 21 | Sept. 5
Sa ee ee Rc ae eae cl iallbaye= al MASIY OILS Wf Ula race Ais ee er a ee
ss ei est al 2B pe [PRT Re (cere Silvie euler Se piel |p eee ee
wed es See HThe ee oecaes SRee( atea aged Pee COPE Bade s|P. eee
Sr aeisany Jal ucos arate os Jone 25) Sept. 7 i522 .do- ANU Qo Neel ae
cite Phehen sien IK UU Sha ee June 1/ Sept. 15 | June 19 | Sept. 16 | June 21 Do.
SS 2s a ca Sen a eee IIIS 2 2a AS UT ores Doi lies eet) ome |teS eee ee ah aes cee
Re ae eral a do ECO MOY tly em ee, ae ae ye Soe espe
SSE Bs eet St ER er Ere a Gy gee Non ae aa eae ON pe NE SE RES gs Une ae
BE eters eee cre ee ey aieee ee ay ee MV LIND es July 10 | Aug. 10 | June 20 | Aug. 3
De ete INN cya a Sr July LAs. 25) | June 30) 222 do. zdiox Do.
June 25 | Aug. 7| July 9/| Aug. 10] July 10 |} Aug. 20 | June 25 Do.
aoe cutee tte ys veers Sy June 19 | July 25} June 15 |Aug. 1 |June 10 July 20
Bei eee is ci Sua fans ae Jignawe 2a | Seon 00 | alin Nis Se
onan. AY) || Aes, WA dilly ah a ee eGl@ 52 Ale do. er Cl eens ie a ek
July 9| July 27/| July 4/ Aug. 4]....do. BOM Oame Meo ee eeu
SS ct eee cee aa aN SST OS ede Ih WSS) Ollie al loa tear gl Seem ce, ee
sey PSH ec REA ale oe ee eg He (eo Ii July 17 | Aug. 27
a RES tet Pt aren June 29 | Aug. 4] June 26/ Aug. 9/ July 3/ Aug. 4
Sayer era eye Se July 5/| Aug. 26 | June 27} Aug. 17/ July 2) Aug. 11
SUSR SR Ne Ae Paes Melby) |) Nee aly dhol | afeiby SO) ee
Bie eel oes wckaet s July 9/ Sept. 1| July 8] Aug. 31) July 14] Aug. 22
June 19} Aug. 4) June 7 | Sept. 20 | June 13 | Aug. 22 | June 15| Aug. 4
oh PESO ar | SN seorah ye Wopeg Pens US Nl tee 0 LS July Gal Auer Ui eet ee
June 17 | Aug. 24; June 14) Aug. 25 | June 14| Aug. 23 | June 20 | Aug. 29
iS se Sel | Sse oN Coal allls hs Ca ares ie Ses Aol; 29) SSiWivs IN eeeccenee-
June 17 | Aug. 23 | June 14/ Sept. 10 | June 14] Sept. 9 | June 20 | Sept. 3
SP ela Palace ae tee July 13 padoe 2. July; 125) 2Anie= 200 ee
SES eel eae Ae ne (Oe edOE=2 2.2 4d 0= July 10 |....do...| July 3/ Aug. 13
Se Selene Oe Aug. 15 ..-do. Dulliye 20> oss sCOrs alee. ose
iN tle else (ally a en Shia July 13 |....do. July 10 |....do..-.| July 13) Aug. 5
FUNC SZ fale NUS IAG le Nuliys = An | AUC 25 ibe sens eee eae ae July 8)| July 31
es le ere Duly OS |MSept oS este a ees eS
eset one, eee seme June 26 | Aug. 20 | June 27 | Aug. 25 | July 1/| Aug. 23
July 5] Aug. 5) June 27) Aug. 19 |....do. Aug. 22 | June 29 Aug. 31
Seat eye ele nae oe Bes Bhs ESOT Ors eeNCUL eek Oo | ccete ay eect (age geese ee aoe te lee
Re Re SETS ie ee Septe 1 Septal ites see eee Oe ames ee
Be ape Ss Vereen Coes Soe eer ee ee eee June 22} Aug. 24/ July 4/ Aug. 4
SiC RZ Gln AU ei cate alae oe I a eee 8 oe es toll le By June 20 | July 31
June 18 | July 27 | June 27 | Aug. 15 | June 25 | Sept. 1 | June 15 | Sept. 4
Spars, Syn stereo (Atee se ar July 5] Aug, 30] June 30 |....do...| June 22 Do.
Bie BE ra es Schiele Sore Fe eg hah Sitliye eae |e AOS |e ce eee ae
See ae aie a ets July 1/ Aug. 15 |....do.. doe July 1| Sept. 4
See peed see areas 2 PTOI eet NGOs elt As fe so eae Ih pees el tt
Re Se Re eae rics July 27 | Aug. 27 | July 19) Aug. 18) July 1 Do.
ae ee (pd ete ee Okc shay ealratee nerete le eo ae etce. S July 30 | Aug. 11
BS ea tO hake le SEO el da Oa tok oe aa Gam as eerie pel seiro a eeeees
Sa SA ee So ag ee aS A pe A ty Sf Ko RH eg July 27 | July 28
ea Sella Cs sh he a a ROO a July 1/ Sept. 1 | July 2) July 28
ST APE ar ped SS GR TE es MAU 1) ee wa Ss a ee ee ee July 17 | Sept. 3
SG et | Me Rs ns el pe et [ae tesa glee ey ORO my i ale grasoaod Aug. 1/| Sept. 4
snare AG) be AO) | dhl = Oe dnplhycil7esl eR eal es da June 13} Aug. 17
Ree Eerie er ee ll ee SMe ee eae Se eis a SN June 18 Do.
Ea ae Ra ES ar a iS cl Aug. — | Sept. — |.-..do. Sept. 5
Se ul el Ball SS ot ee gl apne Ce Ne ea ca en July 23 | July 29
Bed Shr es Gan eiaretee Dulvae ie Sembee ie ease. Soe eG eae oe
Juliys Ale Sepuakse dale wGm) Amie: Oise ee ee ioe: July 20 | Aug. 20
Se Sure rer aoe etore SNe NG) INI Pd AE es ae ee eee ee eae Some
Jha alg} AN uae TU alot ail OA bie OU ea Sel Ee ener July if Aug, 3
256 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
THE BEGINNING AND ENDING OF COMMERCIAL FisHinc FoR RED SALMON aT VARIOUS FISHING
STaTIons IN AxLasKa, 1900 anv 1904—-1906—Continued.
1900. 1904. 1905. 1906.
Waters. Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing Fishing
began— ended— | began— ended— began— ended— began— ended—
Southeast Alaska—Continued. |
Clarence Strait—Continued. ] |
Tongass Narrows—Ward Cove, Revil-
lapiscdp Tsland) in 2 = Te are se eae dO.25| Aue F238 it A ie Ae A dene eh eee rare July 23 | Sept. 6
Cholmondeley Sound < 2-2 sos) en se eee Fe July 26| Aug. 7 | Aug. 5| Sept. 1| July 30/ Sept. 5
Dora Bay, Prinee'ot Wales #sland: 2) 2. 2s Sc ee July 39) Aue. 20) July. a= do...| July 11] Sept. 6
Peter Johnson Stream (Dolomi), Prince | | | |
of Wales dsinad).22 9.) ea ee July 7) Sept. 1| July 13 | Sept. 13 |....do...| Sept. 2 | June 30 Do.
Moira Sound—
North Arm, Prince of Wales Island.|___.._.....).....-..-- July 14} Aug. 22 |....do...| Sept. 7 | July 13 | Sept. 8
Shalclair, “Princeyot Wales Jshind 224s. 6 be ae ee ee ee | Soly. 19.) Aug 24 es
Browus, -Princeoi Wales Island.-22|255 22 “Sie eeeeen.- (See nei (ears Se a [pstalyec 20H Avie) dG: |e eee
South Arm— /
Kegan Stream, Prince of Wales
Deland 2S ns ee ee ee oe | July 12 | Sept. 2| July 11] Sept. 7 | July 11/| Sept. 6
Nowiskay Stream, Prince of
Wales Ustaaid). 00. ego e) Sie ee se rene 2 One rae do's 26). edo) ses] he ewe dee ine ee Bc ee eee
Cld Johnson Stream, Prince of |
Wales tsland?: 922050935 4 [aes eae eee ate July 33H. Ose] oe eee oes July 13 Sept. 3
Nichols Passage— | 3H
Bostwick thley, Grayiia isiond <5 je 2S eee | Sept. 3) Sept. 7 | eT PRES ees seeks soot
Wain: Annette stand 25 0s oe) ee ae sda | July 15 | Sept. 9 July 11 | Aug. 28 | July 11} Aug. 31
Tamgas Harbor, Annette Island..-..... July 7 | Sept.- 2 |; July AG Aucsol 49-2 dors aeee2 do...| July 10} Aug. 21
Revillagigedo Channel: |
George Inlet, Revillagigedo Island..... July 8 | Aug. 14 aly e7 4 Sept: 51 Gebesdect July 6) Sept. 1
Carroll Inlet, Revillagigedo Island... -..|..........!.....22..- | Aug 14 Avie. Fi bec se Sees Reames ie 2
Therne Arm: Revillacizedom stand.) a: es See eee peat cySRe| Pueeu see We al IAA od es [ie Sie Aug. 24| Aug. 24
Hassler Harbor, Annette Island......_.|_._: Pe aeule abs Wop ee | Aue 285 Sephs 73) he sepa oe Pea eee eae
Drike Ashi 2.533 50 22 5 al Rega ee Bee Raa et ean cn teee a do July 16 | Aug. 26 | July 12 | Sept. 1 |....do_..| Aug. 31
Boca de Quad £8 ee eee ee July. 12° \rAve Si") Sualy- (OAs Oi | eee eee oe ee es do ...| Aug. 26
Kah Shakes Cove...2... 609 July 10} Aug. 15 sesseeeses| Fo = le eel SN July 24] Aug. 23
Although the red salmon run is somewhat later than that of the king, the two species are sometimes
found together. Writing of his observations in 1890, Dr. Gilbert says:
It appeared constantly associated with the king salmon. It was taken by trolling in Departure
Bay, Vancouver Island, May 10 to 13; was seined in small numbers at Unalaska May 24 to 27, and was
abundant there June 16. It had not begun to run at Nushagak June 3, but the young with parr marks
still evident, ranging in size from 95 to 115 mm., were very abundant. These were doubtless descending
the rivers to the sea and were probably about 20 months old. On July 5, young averaging slightly
larger than the above were taken in salt water at Herendeen Bay, Alaskan Peninsula. These ranged
from 120 to 130 mm. in totallength. The color is deeper and less silvery than in the Nushagak examples
and the parr marks have almost wholly disappeared.
The beginning of the run in any given stream is fairly constant, the variation being within narrow
limits. The duration of the run is for a shorter period in the northern region than it is farther south.
In Bristol Bay and Central Alaska it lasts only six weeks or less, while in Southeast Alaska it continues
about two months.
The number of red salmon running in any given stream is constant from year to year only within
rather wide limits. It is believed by most fishermen and canners that every fourth year any given
stream is apt to have a larger run than in any of the three other years of the series. In a general way
this belief seems to be borne out by statistics; when specific cases are examined, however, the rule
appears of doubtful application. For example, the catch of red salmon in the Ugashik River for the
last six years has been as follows: 769,002 fish in 1901; 1,640,973 in 1902; 1,703,536 in. 1903; 564,492 in
1904; 432,779 in 1905; and 152,140 in 1906. As the run was large in 1902 it should have been large in
1906, but it was the smallest ever known. Judging from the run of 1903, that for 1907 ought to be a
large one. Information regarding it will be awaited with interest.
In Nushagak Bay and Wood River the run was very large in 1905, four traps in Wood River furnishing
over 800,000 fish, while many thousands more were turned loose. In 1906 these same traps produced
only about 200,000 fish, and three additional traps operated in the same region produced about 100,000
more, giving a total for Wood River for 1906 of about 300,000 as against more than 800,000 for 1905.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 957
Although the price of red salmon was higher in 1906 than in 1905, and every effort was made to secure
a large pack in the Bristol Bay region, the total number of red salmon cases fell 120,000 short of the
pack of 1905. There are, however, so many factors entering into the conditions which determine the
size of the pack in Bristol Bay that it is not safe to make any positive statement as to whether the catch
has reached its limit. As has been said by Jordan and Evermann, ‘‘A wise administration of the fisheries
will permit the taking of the largest number of fish compatible with the maintenance of the supply,
and will permit their capture by the cheapest method which is not wasteful.’’ But when it becomes
apparent that the run is decreasing and that the fishery is permanently impaired, the catch should in
some way be limited and ample opportunity be given to rehabilitate the fishery. :
In size the red salmon ranks third among the five Pacific species of the genus. During the recent
investigations a total of 1,390 red salmon from as many different places as possible were measured and
weighed. The results, which are given in detail in the accompanying table, may be summarized as
follows: For the males—Maximum length, 32 inches; minimum, 15.5; average, 27.81. Maximum
weight, 11 pounds; minimum, 1.75; average, 7.43. For the females—Maximum length, 30 inches;
minimum, 20.25; average, 24.87. Maximum weight, 11 pounds; mimimum, 2; average, 5.78. For
both males and females—Average length, 26.36 inches; average weight, 6.57 pounds. It is therefore
safe to say that the red salmon of Alaska averages a trifle more than 6.5 pounds in weight.
At Chignik Bay is occasionally taken a small red salmon locally known as the “ Arctic salmon”’ which
is considerably smaller than the average for that region. On August 9, 1903, the senior author found
and examined at the two canneries on Chignik Bay 13 examples of this fish, 12 of the 13 being males.
The maximum and minimum lengths of the males were 19.38 and 15.86 inches, and the average 17.35;
extreme weight 2.71 and 1.71 pounds, average 2.2 pounds. The single female was 22.63 inches long
and weighed 4.63 pounds. These fish are not a different species, but evidently merely precocious indi-
viduals such as are found among the chinook salmon on the Columbia River, where mature small males
are not infrequent. The fact that all but one of these so-called ‘‘Arctic salmon” were males shows them
to be dwarfs of the same character. The opinion of local fishermen that this small salmon is peculiar
to Chignik Bay is not borne out by the facts, as similar small fish were seen at Alitak, Karluk, and other
places.
In various small lakes in Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia is found a dwarf form of
the Alaska red salmon known variously as small redfish, little redfish, Kennerly’s salmon, or walla.
The list of lakes in which this fish is known to occur is as follows: Alturas, Pettit, Redfish and Big Pay-
ette lakes in Idaho; Wallowa Lake in Oregon; Washington, Sammamish, Ozette, and possibly, Amer-
ican and Chelan lakes in Washington; Chiloweyuck, Nicola, Francois, Fraser, Okanagan, and Kootenai
lakes in British Columbia. And recently during the investigations conducted by Mr. Chamberlain in
the vicinity of Loring, Alaska, 2 or 3 examples of the little redfish were found in Patching Lake. This is
a small lake inthe Naha basin. In its outlet is a falls which fish from the sea can not ascend. Redfish
fry from the Fortmann Hatchery had been planted in the lake, and it can not, therefore, be definitely
known whether this specimen was one of the planted fish, dwarfed by the unfavorable environment,
or one of a native race or form long landlocked in the lake.
The so-called little redfish does not appear to differ structurally from the larger form. It is mature,
however, both males and females, at a length of a foot or less, and, like the ordinary red salmon, spawns
only once, after which it dies. Recent observations by the senior author, and consideration of all the
known facts concerning these little redfish, convince him that they do not come up from the sea, but are
landlocked in the lakes in which they occur.
Next to the humpback the red is the most abundant salmon in Alaska—indeed, it is probable that,
during the last 20 years, it has been no less numerous than the humpback. Commercially it is by iar
the most valuable salmon in Alaska. The total catch of 1906 was 19,536,761 fish, representing 1,540,856
cases, valued at $5,720,291. The total number of salmon of all species handled in Alaska in 1906 was
31,756,335, representing 2,341,587 cases, valued at $8,152,665. From these figures it is seen that the red
salmon constitute more than 61 per cent of the catch, 65 per cent of the pack, and 70 per cent of the
value. And in every year previous to 1906 the red salmon constituted even a larger proportion of the
entire catch, as the utilization of the cheaper species has developed only within recent years.
B. B. F.1906—17
258 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
LENGTHS AND WEIGHTS OF RED SALMON.
leis ee | fT th | Avera ie
Sr a asia Saee ar maa _ Average.| al Nese Average. | aay ‘koe | weeht.
Inches., Inches. Inches / Lbs. Lbs. | Pounds. | Inches. | Pounds.
Nushagak.....--- { 53| $ | d0:00| 3125| 2545 | axon) 400; ogee it BL) 27127) 7.466
Koggiung......-.-.---.-.-. Meeerere Pre oo hole ee
Wood River........-....... { 3| $ | wo! os | stow] os | 200] seer |t 10) a7 | 625
Ugaguk River.........-.... { &| $ | d000) 2275) 2 a75| 300| raat 16] 27.85 | 7.636
Naknek River... { 3% $ | 300| 200} des! ico! 33 | rowlt 1) wa) 763
Ugashik River... { BS) Bal ae) Se) 2) sel ee) es] acm ee
Chignik, Aug. 9.....-..-.. { 74) $ | g0os| acs | sso] ss | 44] Gar ft 24) 2583 | Zt
Karlak, Aug. 15-2... { wi $ | 200| 2035; was | G5 | 25 | dees} 20] 24307/ 5.08
Pyramid Harbor, July 15-1 | ¢ | BR] 23.) Be) son) sel ce wm) me) 706
Klawak, Aug.25 ......--.. { 2 $ | 333! m75| ss | os | 300) gout |) 298 | 409
rictta wy, de 9B S| ee | ee a ee eee ete
Karta Bay, July 10... ._... { 73| $ | 300| 3000/ 353° | &S | Goo, ce | 14 eae 7.000
32. Salmo clarkii (Richardson). Alaska Cutthroat Trout. (PI. xv, fig.1, and pl. xxxvm.)
In 1881 Dr. Bean recorded this trout as Salmo purpuratus from Sitka, St. Paul (Kodiak Island),
and “northern Alaska.’ Not until the investigations were made on which this report is based had any
other specimens been recorded from Alaska or any Alaskan specimens come into the hands of any ichthy-
ologist. Doubtless anglers and others knew of the presence in Alaska of a species of cutthroat trout.
Indeed, officers and members of the civilian staff of the Fisheries steamer Albatross state that they have
found cutthroat trout at various places in Southeast Alaska and that specimens were forwarded to the
Bureau. These, however, seem to have been lost en route, as they were never received at Washington.
During the recent investigations cutthroat trout were obtained at the following places: San Mateo
Lake near Union Bay, Vancouver Island (June 22); lake at Courtney, Union Bay (June 22); Karta Bay
stream (July 11); Pablof Falls, Freshwater Bay (July 25); Silver Bay Creek near Sitka (July 29); Kla-
wak Creek (August 26), and Naha stream near Loring (August 30). Other specimens were obtained in
the vicinity of Loring in 1903, and again in 1904 and 1905, and numerous fine specimens were collected
in Lake McDonald and vicinity by Mr. J. S. Burcham in 1905.
In all of these places the cutthroat trout was fairly common, apparently most abundant at Loring,
Lake McDonald, and Klawak. It doubtless occurs in many other streams and lakes in Southeast Alaska.
Just how far north it extends has not been definitely determined. We did not find it north of Sitka.
We have a photograph, taken by Mr. R. W. Stone, of the U. S. Geological Survey, and furnished by Mr.
Frank Hess, also of the Survey, showing’a number of trout and salmon caught September 25, 1904, at
Katatla, Controller Bay, in a stream about one-fourth of a mile from the beach. Among the fish shown
is one that is evidently a cutthroat or a rainbow trout.
The following notes were taken on specimens from various places:
No. 02809, taken with fly by Dr. Evermann in Lake San Mateo, Vancouver Island, a female
14.5 inches long, weight one pound, not nearly ready tospawn. Color in life, top of head, back and side
to base of pectoral thickly covered with small, somewhat stellate black spots, those on head and nape
roundish; cheek with about 7 black spots—2 or 3 on upper part of opercle; dorsal and caudal with
numerous oblong black spots; 3 spots on adipose dorsal; anal with black spots less numerous than on
caudal and dorsal; ventrals pale rosy, the outer ray with a series of small black spots; pectorals pale rosy
on inner rays, the outer dusky; cheek and opercle with rosy; some rosy on side of lower jaw; belly
dusky, slightly rosy; throat with a broad, rich red dash on each side; tip of lower jaw black; side silvery
with bronze wash; the black spots on back and side about evenly distributed, those on caudal peduncle
largest. When first taken out of the water the whole fish except belly appeared quite dark.
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906.
Ste tes
a ANY
AN
Ss
Eee O ae
YS
1. SALMO CLARKII (RICHARDSON).
PLATE
XV.
2, HEXAGRAMMOS LAGOCEPHALUS (PALLAS).
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 259
Another specimen (no. 02810) from the same place, an immature male 9.5 inches long, was similar
in life color to the one above described, except that there were no spots on ventrals, and cheeks and
opercles were more spotted, there being 3 or 4 spots on preopercle and the same number on opercle.
An example (no. 02811), 11 inches long, from Courtney Lake, was a male somewhat more mature
than no. 02810, and its color was similar, except that the spots on side of head were less numerous,
being but 4 on upper part of cheek, 2 on preopercle and 4 on upper part of opercle. On no. 02810 the
spots extended farther down; scales about 165.
Another example (no. 02812), 6 inches long, from same place, is profusely spotted like the others
and shows traces of parr marks. The red on throat present, but not distinct.
A fine 13-inch example, taken July 11 by Lieutenant Mitchell in Karta Bay Stream a short distance
above the mouth, when fresh was dark olive on back, side silvery, belly white; back and upper four-
fifths of side profusely covered with small irregular black spots; side of head with a few small round
black spots; cheek and middle of side with pale rosy wash; throat with light red wash; fins all dark;
dorsal and caudal with many large black spots; anal a little paler and with fewer spots; ventrals still
paler, black inside; pectoral dark, with 2 or 3 small black spots. Dorsal 10; anal 12.
A 9.5-inch specimen (no. 02944), weighing 4 ounces, caught by Dr. Evermann at Pablof Falls,
July 25, was in life yellowish green on back and upper part of side; middle of side slightly rosy, belly
silvery; back with close-set small roundish black spots; side with larger black spots; top of head and
cheek with small round black spots; opercle somewhat rosy; throat rich red.
Another was silvery, dark, profusely spotted with black, and with the red on throat very distinct.
No. 03021, taken at Klawak, August 26, had the body and head profusely and uniformly covered
with large, irregular black spots; fins all densely spotted.
Two 7.5-inch specimens (2 and 2.5 ounces each), taken by Lieutenant Mitchell and Chief Engineer
Crater at Silver Bay near Sitka, had the spots confined chiefly to back and side above lateral line and
head; caudal peduncle with more spots; very little red showing on throat of second, none on first;
side somewhat rosy, cheek also. It may be that these are young steelheads.
We have critically examined more than 30 excellent examples of cutthroat trout from the vicinity
of Yes Bay and Loring, and many other specimens from those places, Klawak, and elsewhere, in
Southeast Alaska, have passed through our hands. An example 14.5 inches long from Lake McDonald
may be regarded as typical: Head 4.4; depth 4.4; eye in head 6.5; snout 3.5; maxillary 1.9, reaching
slightly past orbit; pectoral 1.8; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.4; scales about 146. Body robust,
not greatly compressed, the caudal peduncle stout; head rather long and conic; snout rather long
and pointed. Entire body covered somewhat profusely with small stellate black spots, less numerous
on head, where they are more nearly round. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins profusely spotted; pectoral
with a few spots, ventrals plain; ventrals and anal slightly tipped with yellow; a bright red dash
on the throat.
The Alaska cutthroat is close to the Alaska rambow and may not be always readily distinguished
from it. We believe them to be distinct species, however. The cutthroat may be distinguished by
its red throat, more stellate black spots, longer head, longer maxillary, less brightly tipped ventral and
anal fins, and smaller scales. The number of scales in the lateral line runs from 140 to 180, while in the
rainbow it runs from 120 to 140. The cutthroat is not as large as the rainbow, the largest example seen
by us being only 14.5 inches long. The numerous examples examined range in length from 6 to 14.5
inches. At Klawak local anglers stated that the cutthroat does not attain as large size as the rainbow
of the same stream, and this statement was borne out by our own observations at that place; also at
Loring and Lake McDonald.
The Alaska cutthroat trout ranks high as a game fish, though not equaling the rainbow. It isa much
better game fish than the Dolly Varden or salmon trout. It strikes with more vim, fights more viciously,
dives more deeply, ranges more widely, and is much more apt to jump; but when once out of the water
it is more quiet than the Dolly Varden. It takes the fly readily, but of course the baited hook is more
attractive.
Mr. A. B. Alexander and the senior writer of this report visited San Mateo Lake June 22 expressly to
obtain examples of this trout. At first we rowed about over the lake some time, trying different appar-
ently lhkely places with different kinds of flies and, finally, other lures. One slight strike was gotten
inthe upper end of the lake, but noothers until we reached a small cove on the south side, where
260 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Mr. Alexander got a fine 9.5-inch example at the surface. A little later another fine example was
hooked at a depth of about 6 feet. It fought very vigorously, usually bearing down very hard, then
circling about rapidly, leaping slightly, then bearing down again and circling again, and coming along-
side, and finally breaking away—the penalty we paid for being without a landing net. This fish was
estimated to be 19 inches long. A few minutes later another was hooked in 4 feet of water, and, though
given no opportunity to play, showed itself able to make a good fight. Later each of us got one good
strike, but failed to land the fish. Local anglers call these ‘‘ black-speckled trout.”
The examples taken at Pablof Falls had little opportunity to show their fighting power on account
of the very turbulent water and the vast number of salmon and Dolly Varden trout which crowded
upon them.
Mr. Crater reported that the three which he took in Naha Stream were very satisfactory as game fish.
As a food-fish the Alaska cutthroat is delicious—far superior to the Dolly Varden and not inferior
to the Alaska rainbow. The flesh is firm, flaky, and rich in oil, with a most agreeable flavor.
This trout inhabits both streams and lakes. At Loring it occurs in both. At Yes Bay the finest
examples were obtained from the stream between Lake McDonald and the bay. Those from Klawak
came from the stream below the lake.
In Alaska this species is usually known as the black-speckled trout, blackspotted trout, or cutthroat.
33. Salmo gairdneri (Richardson). Steelhead Trout. (Pl. xxxvu1.)
The first records of steelhead trout in Alaska are those by Dr. Bean from Sitka and from St. Paul.
Kodiak Island (1881), and Mountain Lake near Mount Tongass (1883).
The species seems to be widely distributed in Alaska, although definite records are not numerous.
Captain Moser states that it occurs at all seasons at Afognak Island, but in greatest numbers during
the coho run. It is believed to winter in the Jakes and to descend to the sea soon aitér the
oy Ry wy
ry JA D WS A. LIES ifs
LS, oe L x - 29 a <y
Le ees
Fic. 10.—Salmo gairdneri (Richardson).
streams open inthespring. He further says that steelheads were first noticed in the vicinity of Pyramid
Harbor in 1900 and that they have not been noted at Chekats. Several specimens were secured at
Chilkoot Inlet, August 20 to September 8, and an occasional example is seen at Point Highfield.
On March 26, 1903, two steelheads—the first of the spring run—were caught in a gill net at the
Fortmann Hatchery. On April 26 two others with shrunken stomachs and well-developed eggs and
milt were taken at the same place. On May 8 steelheads were spawning in Naha Stream below Dorr
Falls. On May 10 about one dozen were observed to be spawning in Steelhead Creek near Loring.
The temperature of the stream was between 38° and 39°; the surface temperature of Naha Bay was
40° to 43°. About all these fish had disappeared by May 17. On May 23 about 30 steelheads (mostly .
spent females) were taken in a seine in Naha Stream above Dorr Falls. At one haul of the seine in a
hole below the falls about the same number were taken, among them several ripe males and females.
On July 8 several fish believed to be steelheads were seen in the river above the lake. July 26 many
steelhead fry were seen dying on the sandbars in Karta River, where they were entrapped by the receding
waters. The same occurrence was observed in Flume Creek near Loring, where, on August 12, 1904,
Mr. H. C. Fassett picked up 73 steelhead fry from the margin of the pool under the dam built below
the falls to supply water to the flume. Others were observed at various places in the dry bed of the
stream where they had been left by receding waters. The next day 87 steelhead fry were collected
under similar conditions. These fry measured 29 to 36 mm.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 261
Two adult steelheads were taken in Hot Springs Creek, Bell Island. These with several others
were in a deep pool where they had been left by falling water as they were returning from their spawning
beds in the lake about a mile farther up the stream. Examples are also reported from the Pacific Cold
Storage Company at Taku Harbor. On August 14 a few were seined at Karluk, where they are reported
not to be common. May 26 to 30 Mr. Claudius Wallich found them spawning in the stream at the
head of Lake McDonald. Quiteanumber were observed. On May 24 to 27, 1904, Mr. F. M. Chamberlain
found them spawning in Steelhead Creek near Loring, also in Naha River above Dorr Falls. The
temperature of the water in the creek was 56° to 57°, that of the river being 50°. No steelheads were:
noticed in a small branch of Steelhead Creek, where the temperature was 45.°
One example (no. 02813; scales about 150), 10 inches long, was caught with hook and line June 22
in Courtney Lake at Union Bay. A few examples were seen in the cannery at Point Highfield July 13
and at Taku Harbor July 14. A female 17 inches long and weighing 1 pound 10 ounces was caught at
Snug Harbor August 6.
The center of abundance of the steelhead is evidently the Columbia River. Mr. F. M. Warren, sr.,
of Portland, reports that the run in the Columbia, Rogue, and other Oregon rivers was large in 1902 and
1903. The first spring run in 1903 was about June 20 and continued two days, the fish averaging only 7
pounds. The fish of the later run (in August) were much larger, averaging about 15 pounds. <A few
may be taken in the Columbia any day in the year. The largest one of which we have a definite record
was caught at Corbett, on the Columbia River, by Reed Brothers. It was seen by Mr. J. N. Wisner and
weighed 42 pounds. Reed Brothers state that they often get steelheads of that size.
On September 11 many steelheads were seen in Mr. Warren’s cold-storage plant at Goble, on the
Columbia. They were then being caught in traps near by. At this time it was difficult to tell males
from females. A female examined showed the roe to be very immature, indicating that spawning would
probably not have occurred before February or March.
One hundred and five examples were measured and weighed. The lengths varied from 31 to 45
inches and the weights from 10.5 to 32.5 pounds. The average length was 37.03 inches and the average
weight 18.48 pounds. Several examined at Pyramid Harbor in August were 26 to 32 inches long and
weighed 9.5 to 13.5 pounds. One taken at Bell Island was 33 inches long and weighed 9 pounds.
In September and October, 1897, Mr. A. B. Alexander, of this Bureau, examined a large number of
steelheads at the Cascades and at Celilo, on the Columbia River. Many were seen, September 18 and
19, ascending the falls. In all 4,179 were examined; of these, 1,531 were males and 2,648 females; 476
males and 900 females were regarded as well developed and ready to spawn within a month or six weeks.
This ripening of the steelhead in the fall is probably unusual. All other observations indicate that
this species isa spring spawner. Inthe headwaters of Salmon River, in Idaho, it spawns in early spring—
usually in May and June. In Alaska, so far as known, it spawns early in the spring.
It is not always easy to distinguish the steelhead from the cutthroat or the rainbow trout; it is par-
ticularly difficult, if not impossible, to do so in the fry and fingerling stages. The adult Alaska steel-
head has larger scales, a shorter head, and a smaller eye than the Alaska cutthroat; it is also less pro-
fusely covered with black spots, the tail is more nearly square, and there is no red on the throat. From
the Alaska rainbow trout it may usually be distinguished by the smaller eye, somewhat smaller scales,
less brilliant coloration, and relative absence of black spots except on upper part of side and on dorsal
and caudal fins.
The steelhead reaches a much larger size than either the cutthroat or the rainbow. Onthe Columbia
it is of much commercial importance. In Alaska it is a valuable food fish, though it is not abundant
enough to be of as great importance as any of the species of salmon. It lends itself well to the canning
process and is a nutritious and very palatable article thus prepared. It is, however, most valuable as
a fresh fish, especially when distant shipments are necessary. There is no member of the salmon family
which can be handled more satisfactorily in cold storage than the steelhead. Its size, trim shape, firm
flesh, and superior keeping qualities fit it admirably for treatment in this way.
34. Salmo irideus (Gibbons). Alaska Rainbow Trout. (Pl. xxxtx.)
The rainbow trout has not previously been reported from Alaska, except by Bean in 1881 from
Sitka, although its presence in Southeast Alaska was known to various officers of the Albatross and local
anglers. No specimens, however, had been collected or had come into the hands of any naturalist.
262 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
It was therefore a great pleasure to us to find rainbow trout in at least two of the streams visited in 1903—
the Naha Stream at Loring and Klawak River at Klawak. On August 30 Chief Engineer Crater and
Paymaster McMillan caught 13 fine examples in Naha Stream, the largest about 16 inches long and weigh-
ing about 2 pounds. On August 26 Dr. Evermann took 2 good ones in Klawak Stream above the
lagoon. Mr. Thompson, the storekeeper at Klawak, reported that he had recently taken in this stream
a rainbow trout that was 32 inches long. Mr. H. F. Swiit says that he caught one in 1878 which weighed
8 pounds. He says that he has seen several, each weighing as much as 5 pounds.
On August 3, 1901, Dr. C. St. J. Butler and Lieut. Hugh Rodman (both then of the Albatross) caught
a number of rainbow trout in a stream flowing into Hanas Bay, Chichagof Island, Chatham Strait,
near Killisnoo. Mr. J. A. Kerr, of Seattle, informs us that rainbow trout are abundant in Powell River
at the upper end of Tuxada Island, where they can be taken from June until late in the fall. About
the end of August 110 were caught. He says the species occurs also at Thorne Bay. Mr. Chamberlain
reports them to be common in Naha Stream near Loring, where he has seen examples 2 feet long.
During the investigations at Yes Bay in 1905 Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Burcham found the rainbow
trout quite abundant, particularly in the outlet of Lake McDonald. On June 9, 1906, Mr. Sidney Paige,
of the U. S. Geological Survey, forwarded to the Bureau from Knik, Alaska, three small examples of
rainbow trout which had been taken in Cottonwood Creek. This stream enters Knik Arm near its head,
Fig. 11.—Salmo irideus (Gibbons).
which is at the head of Cook Inlet, in north latitude about 61° 30’. It is more than probable that the
trout photographed at Katatla by Mr. Stone and already referred to in the discussion of the cutthroat
trout was a rainbow.
The above-named localities are, therefore, the only Alaskan localities in which the rainbow trout is
definitely known to occur. There are no records for the Kodiak region, the Aleutian Islands, or any
waters in or north of the Alaskan Peninsula. It is quite certain, however, that further investigation
will demonstrate its presence in many Alaskan streams in which it is not now known to occur.
Whether the rainbow trout of Alaska is distinct from typical Salmo irideus (of San Leandro Creek,
California) we are not prepared to say, and we provisionally identify our specimens with that species,
reserving a final decision until we have more material for comparison.
A typical example of the Alaska rainbow is no. A272 (4569), 23 inches long, from Lake McDonald,
September 7, 1905. It may be described as follows:
Head 3.8 in length; depth 4.4; eye 6 in head; snout 2.9; maxillary 1.5, long and narrow, extending
far beyond orbit; pectoral 1.6; body considerably compressed; head long, conic; snout long and
pointed; least depth of caudal peduncle equaling length of snout; tail square, but slightly forked.
Color in alcohol: Entire body closely covered with very distinct small black spots, quite as numerous
below lateral line as above; head with relatively few roundish black spots, about 20 or 25 on cheek and
opercle; fins all black spotted, the spots less numerous on pectorals and ventrals; ventrals, anal, and
dorsal tipped with yellowish; middle of side and cheek with a broad rosy band; no red on throat;
scales 134.
An example 10 inches long from Cottonwood Creek, Knik Arm, is described as follows:
Head 4.5 in length; depth 4.3; eye 4.75 in head; snout 4.75; maxillary 1.9; scales about 120.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. | 2638
Body compressed; caudal peduncle deep; head rather short; maxillary extending scarcely beyond
eye; teeth fairly strong on maxillary, premaxillaries, palatines, vomer, mandible, and tongue, those
on vomer in two rows.
Body rather profusely covered with small black spots most numerous above lateral line; top and
upper part of side of head with few small round black spots; dorsal and caudal with black spots; anal
dusky, unspotted; pectorals and ventrals immaculate; side with a red stripe in life.
Two other somewhat smaller specimens possess the same characters.
An example (no. 3020) from Klawak in life had on the side a broad rich rosy band extending
across the cheek and along the lateral line to base of caudal fin; no red on throat; back and side pro-
fusely spotted with small round black spots, quite uniformly distributed; .caudal fin and peduncle
thickly spotted.
We have examined 34 other specimens of rainbow trout from Southeast Alaska and find them to
agree essentially with the specimens above described. Most of them are from Lake McDonald and
vicinity, where they were collected in 1905 by Mr. Burcham. Numerous other examples were examined
in 1903 at Klawak and Loring. Occasionally an individual in prime condition shows more or less red
or orange on the throat, but ordinarily this mark is indistinct or wholly absent. The bright tip of the
anal, ventral, and dorsal fins, however, is usually present, and this, together with the large scales,
absence of red on the throat, and rosy side, will usually suffice to distinguish the Alaska rainbow from
the Alaska cutthroat, though the two species are exceedingly close to each other. The rainbow attains
the larger size. The largest examples seen by us were about 2 feet long. One taken at Klawak was 32
inches long, and, as already stated, Mr. H. F. Swift says he has seen several weighed 5 pounds and one
that weighed 8 pounds.
The Alaska rainbow trout stands easily among the finest of game fishes. It is certainly one of
the best, if not the best, in Alaska. Expert anglers fishing in Naha Stream, at Yes Bay and Klawak, pro-
nounce it the gamest trout they have ever caught. It takes the fly readily, not with a dash or rush, but
rather quietly. When once hooked, however, it fights most savagely, jumping often, and is very hard
to wear out.
35. Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum). Great Lakes Trout; Lake Trout.
The lake trout is doubtless found in all suitable waters in the Yukon basin. Anindividual weighing
7.25 pounds was taken in Lake Bennett, one of 11 pounds at Log Cabin, and we have seen specimens from
Tagish Arm and Lake Atlin. An example was caught by Dr. Harold Heath in Summit Lake at White
Pass, July 20, and one of good size was taken in Tagish Arm near Caribou Crossing July 19, by trolling,
which is the usual method of capture. Townsend (1887) records this species from a lake at the head of
Fig. 12.—Cristivomer namaycush (Walbaum).
Kobuk River, and states that it reaches a length of 3.5 feet or more. Hedid not find it in the Kobuk
River. The fish apparently attains as large size in Alaska as in the Great Lakes, for examples weighing
30 to 40 pounds have been reported. It is of considerable commercial importance in this region, large
numbers being shipped, particularly from Lake Atlin, to Dawson.
The lake trout can be readily distinguished from all other Alaskan Salmonide by the presence
of a raised crest behind the head of the vomer and free from its shaft, and by the color, which is dark
gray, sometimes pale, sometimes almost black, everywhere with rounded paler spots which are often
reddish tinged; head usually vermiculated above; dorsal and caudal reticulate with darker.
264 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
36. Salvelinus malma (Walbaum). Dolly Varden Trout; Salmon Trout; Western Charr. (Pl. xu.)
This is the most abundant trout in Alaska. It swarms in every stream and lake about the islands
from the Columbia to Bering Sea, and was seen by us at practically all places visited. - It is particularly
abundant about the canneries, where it feeds ravenously on the salmon eggs and other refuse from
canning operations.
Our field notes make specific mention of the Dolly Varden trout as seen at the following places: Fort
Rupert (abundant), stream at head of lake at Boca de Quadra (very abundant), Metlakahtla (seined),
Karta Bay (in Alaska Packers Association trap), Cleveland Passage (seined many, 5 to 14 inches long),
Taku Inlet cannery (several seen), Chilkoot cannery (very abundant), Taku, Dewey Lake near Skagway
(common, but very small), Funter Bay (seined 4), Killisnoo, Sitkoh Bay, Dundas Bay (many seined and
many seen in salmon trap), Pablof Falls (many seined and many caught on hook and line), Indian River
at Sitka (several fine ones taken on hook and line, July 28), creek at Silver Bay near Sitka (many taken on
hook July 29), Afognak Falls (abundant August 3), Karluk, Uyak, and Alitak.
On September 9, 1904, Mr. Hess, of the Geological Survey, found Dolly Varden trout 8 to 10 inches
long in Big Minook Creek 10 milesfrom Rampart. They were abundantand were spawning. Every one
examined contained parasites in the air bladder. On September 5, 1903, Mr. Hess obtained this trout in
Niukluk River near Council. In October, 1905, the Bureau received 5 examples, 5.87 to 8.87 inches long,
from Mr. 8S. P. Robins, of Rampart, who had caught them in Mynook Creek, a tributary of the Yukon.
At Afognak Falls on August 3, various parties from the Albatross caught many Dolly Varden trout and
salmon by using a gang of 3 hooks tied together. The fish were so thick that they were readily hooked as
the gang was dragged through the water.
Near Skagway isasmall lake called Dewey Lake, which is some distance above sea level. Itissaid to
be impossible now for fish to reach it from the sea, yet Dolly Varden trout occur in this lake in some num-_
bers. They are very small, only a few inches long, and more brightly colored than those from salt
wwater. Ina small stream near Unalaska these trout are found above what is now an impassable falls.
They never exceed a few inches in length, and are very richly colored. They were described as new in
1873 by Cope who called them Salmo tudes.
Previous Alaskan records for this trout are—Cope (1873), Captains Harbor, Unalaska. Bean
(1882): Sitka; Old Sitka; Port Althrop; Chugachik Bay, and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul,
Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor and Little Koniushi Island, Shumagins; Iliuliuk and Nateekin
Bay, Unalaska; Kyska Harbor; St. Michael; Unalaklik; Hotham inlet; Port Clarence; Cape Lisburne;
Arctic Ocean. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska Island. Gilbert says “‘a small stream entering Captains
Harbor, Unalaska Island, has a series of impassable cascades aggregating several hundred feet in height.
Above these falls the trout are very abundant, but are dwarfed in size and remarkably brilliant in
coloration. They seem to reach no larger size than 8 inches”. Cantwell (1885) Kobuk River. Mur-
doch (1885), near mouth of Colville River and at Pergniak. Nelson (1887), Golsova River. Scofield
(1899), Port Clarence, Point Hope, and Herschel Island.
The Dolly Varden trout attains a weight probably of 25 pounds, though the largest seen by us in
Alaska weighed less than 4 pounds. The maximum length of those we saw was 21.5 inches.
The average weight of 64 fish weighed at Pablof Falls was 1.5 ounces; length, 7 inches.
Twenty-four were examined at Snug Harbor, 16 males and 8 females. The males averaged 14.84
inches long and 11.28 ounces in weight; females, 17 inches long and 9.44 ounces in weight.
Four males and 12 females were examined at Karta Bay. The males averaged 14.375 inches long
and 1.125 pounds in weight; females 15.77 inches long and 1.54 pounds in weight.
At Chignik Bay 15 males averaged 16.2 inches long and 1 pound 12 ounces in weight; 2 females,
17.75 inches long and 2.5 pounds in weight.
The 16 examined at Karta Bay were all that were found in a trap with about 300 to 400 sockeyes, 2
cohoes, and 3 starry flounders.
In the quiet portion of the Home Stream at Point Ellis (really a part of the upper end of a small lake),
Dolly Varden trout were very abundant August 22. In one pool, 2 to 6 feet deep and 25 feet wide, we
saw 500 to 600. They ranged in length from a few inches to 2 feet. They were certainly spawning, and
they were not paired off but were all ina bunch. As one would swim over some clean gravel it would
turn on its side and rub against the bottom, evidently to press out the eggs or milt. .
~~ s
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 265
In Heckman Lake, August 30, many were seen jumping.
In the Bristol Bay region this species appears to reach a larger size than elsewhere in Alaska. On July
4, 1906, Mr. John N. Cobb measured and weighed 27 examples (14 males and 13 females) from the Nusha-
gak River. The largest male was 29.25 inches long and weighed 8.5 pounds; another that was 29.75
inches long weighed only 7.5 pounds. The largest female was 26.75 inches long and weighed 7 pounds,
while another 27.25 inches long weighed but 6 pounds. The average of the 14 males was: Length 27
inches, weight 6.93 pounds; females, length 25.6 inches, weight 6.2 pounds. On July 19 Mr. Cobb
examined 5 males.and 1 female from the same river. These ran from 18 to 19 inches in length and 1.25 to
2 pounds in weight.
The salmon trout, to call it by another of its names, is the most persistent and destructive enemy
of the salmon eggs and fry. When the sockeye, humpback, and coho are running upstream they are
accompanied by vast numbers of salmon trout, which apparently have no other purpose than feeding upon
their eggs. And the trout are quite as persistent in ascending rapids and jumping falls as are the
salmon themselves. Not only during the spawning time do the trout remain, but so long as the eggs
are to be found; and after the eggs have hatched the fry and fingerlings fall a ready prey to this
voracious trout, which pursues them not only in the streams and lakes but down to salt water, where
the destruction continues until the salmon have grown too large to be eaten.
On August 3, among the salmon at Afognak Falls, were hundreds—perhaps thousands—of the trout,
all trying just as hard and just as successfully to ascend the falls. They jumped surprisingly well,
sometimes it seemed even better than the salmon; even little ones not over 6 inches long would jump
beautifully, and could maintain themselves in the vertical current quite well. Every possible resting
pool, however small, had trout in it, and in the larger ones trout and salmon were mixed. There were
some very large trout, and in a pool above the falls several of good size were seen.
Similar conditions were observed at Pablof Harbor, a small arm of Freshwater Bay, Chichagof
Island, July 25. Into the head of this small bay empties Pablof stream, a small creek perhaps 50 feet
wide. Near its mouth is a falls where the water drops by broken stages some 20 or 25 feet at low tide,
but less at high tide. Below this falls were hundreds of humpbacks with a good many sockeyes and a
few cohoes and dogs, all trying to get over the falls. With them were hundreds—perhaps thousands—
of Dolly Varden trout and a good many cutthroat trout, all trying equally hard to ascend the falls.
They could be seen in great numbers lying in the pools below or swimming about, or making heroic
efforts to scale the falls. Every pool or possible resting place in the falls was literally packed with
trout, 2 or 3 layers deep where the water permitted, all with their heads upstream. Among them
in the larger pools was an occasional salmon.
The trout could be seen jumping quite as often as the salmon and apparently with even greater
success In ascending the falls. They have an advantage in their smaller size, being able to find resting
‘places in the small nooks and eddies. They are able, however, to jump very well, and to maintain
themselves against or even to ascend a practically vertical current.
Ordinarily the Dolly Varden trout does not take high rank as a game fish; it is usually loggy, never
jumps, and makes a poor fight. But this is not always the case; much depends upon the water, the
particular fish, and perhaps other factors.
One of us has found that these trout are very good fighters in the swiftly flowing waters of Idaho,
particularly in the Salmon River and elsewherein the Sawtooth Mountains. In Alaskathey are very good
game fish, and there is scarcely a stream or lake in that country where the angler may not find excellent
sport with them. Wehave angled forthemin many Alaskan waters, among which may be mentioned the
Naha Stream and lakes near Loring, small streams near Unalaska, Indian River, and creek at Silver Bay
near Sitka, Afognak Falls, and Pablof Falls. Atthe last-named place we found them unexpectedly gamey.
A 12 to 15 inch fish in this turbulent water was able to make a fight that would delight the heart of any
angler. Moreover, these trout rise to the fly readily, take it witha rush, and do not give up the fight until
safe in the creel. Even when lifted from the water or placed in the landing net they continue to flop
with great vigor, so that it is not an easy matter to remove the hook. They do not often jump from the
water when hooked, though they occasionally do.
The best flies were small ones of red color; those most resembling salmon spawn were the most killing,
A fly of this kind used at Pablof Falls would scarcely touch the water before dozens of trout would vie with
each other in frantic efforts to seize it. Occasionally a fish would discover the nature of the fly and turn
away, but usually one of them would take it. Salmon spawn, however, is the bait that never fails.
266 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Our experiences at Pablof Falls showed that “tickling trout”’ is as possible in Alaska as in England.
While fishing from a ledge out near the middle of the falls we noticed some trout resting in a relatively
quiet pool part way up the falls. By reaching one’s hand into the water and carefully touching a fish
near the tail, then moving the hand forward, gently rubbing the belly and side, and then closing down
upon the fish when the hand reached the head, it was possible to lift the fish out of the water without
disturbing any of the others. In this way we secured quite a number for our creel. At first they were
quite heedless of the hand, but when one became alarmed and, being very slick, got away, all the others
in the pool were apt to become greatly disturbed and scurry away pellmell, going down to the foot of the
falls.
The ovaries of all of these trout were quite small and immature, and this was evidently not their
spawning season. It is doubted whether their efforts to ascend these falls were actuated by a desire to
reach their own spawning beds. The only rational explanation of their running upstream at this time is
that it was for the purpose of reaching the spawning beds of the salmon that they might feed upon the
salmon eggs
Family 144. THYMALLID2. The Graylings.
37. Thymallus signifer (Richardson). Alaska Grayling; ‘‘Tahseh”’ (Indian name). (PI. x11.)
Very abundant in the headwaters of the Yukon. July 18 to 20 numerous specimens were collected
in Tagish Arm near Caribou Crossing and from Kilbourne Creek, a small stream flowing into Tagish
Arm. Others were seined in the outlet of Lake Bennett, north of the station at Caribou Crossing. At
Lake Bennett, July 20 and 21, several small examples were seined near the head of the lake and several
larger ones were taken with the fly. One particularly fine example (no. 2928), 15 inches long and weighing
1 pound and 2 ounces, was taken on the hook near the railroad station at Lake Bennett. A special
agent of the Yukon and White Pass Railroad caught several in a small lake near Log Cabin, which is
between Lake Bennett and Caribou Crossing. The fish is said to occur also in Lake Atlin and in Forty-
mile Creek, in which it is reported to reach a very large size.
The grayling is probably of wide distribution in northern Alaska, particularly throughout the
Yukon basin. Mr. Frank Hess, of the Geological Survey, reports it from Sinuk River, about 35 miles
northwest of Nome, and he was informed that it occurs in the same river 70 miles northwest of Nome.
He found it also in Kuzitrin River 35 miles northeast of Council, in Niukluk River at Council, in
El Dorado Creek (a tributary of Noxapaga River) 125 to 150 miles northeast of Nome, and in the
Kugruk River 110 to 120 miles north of Nome. On August 9 he saw them spawning in streams 40 miles
north of Fairbanks. It was found also in Kugruk River (a different stream flowing into Kotzebue
Sound) by Mr. Fred H. Moffit, of the Geological Survey. Mr. Frank C. Schrader found it in 1902
in Colville River and in other streams and lakes of that region. Mr. Walter C. Mendenhall, also of the.
Geological Survey, says that grayling may be found in all of the clear-water streams of the Kobuk Valley.
Mr. E. W. Nelson, of the Biological Survey, reports the grayling from a small stream flowing
into the Arctic Ocean just north of Cape Lisburne, about halfway between Kotzebue Sound and Point
Barrow. This stream is only 12 to 15 miles long and the grayling were seen in a small pool about half-
way up the stream. They were only a few in number and were adults 12 to 15 inches long. According
to Mr. Nelson, grayling occur in all the streams entering Norton Sound; also in the upper tributaries
of the Yukon some 30 to 35 miles northeast from St. Michael. They do not occur in the streams down
in the flats, but up in the hills they are in every clear stream. Dolly Varden trout are most abundant
in the larger streams, grayling in the smaller ones.
The examples taken with the fly at Caribou Crossing and Lake Bennett varied in length from 4.5
to 15 inches. The respective lengths in inches of 27 specimens measured are as follows: 44, 48, 53, 6,
63, 6}, 7, 7, 74, 73, Tas, 7%, 8, 8, 83, 83, 84, 8%, 9, 93, 10, 10, 103, 11, 112, 133, and 15 inches, the average
being nearly 8.5 inches.
The example from which the painting was made was 124 inches long and was obtained at Caribou
Crossing in August, 1903.
The 15-inch example (no. 2928) from Lake Bennett was described in life as follows:
Head 5.25 in body; depth 4.28; eye 4 in head; snout 4.6; maxillary 6; mandible 2; dorsal 21;
anal 11, the last ray broad and firm; seats 10-93-10.
Jody elongate, compressed, highest about the origin of the dorsal, from which the contour slopes
gradually to the slender caudal peduncle; head small, somewhat pointed; mouth terminal, moderate,
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 267
the maxillary extending to below middle of eye; mandible extending to nearly posterior edge of orbit;
teeth minute, numerous in both jaws and along maxillary, none on tongue; eye large, longer than snout,
but not equal to interorbital space.
Scales on side about uniform in size; the caudal fin well scaled, two rows of small scales forming
radiating feather-like projections on some of the interradial spaces of the lobes of the fin; a naked patch
back of isthmus; scales of jugular region minute, becoming larger backward and upward.
Dorsal fin long and high, the longest ray about 4 in body, its base 4.5; adipose fin small; longest
ray of anal 2 in head, its base about the same length; gillrakers medium length, firm, rather stout, acute,
6+13 and 6+12.
Color in life, back light olive, edges of scales dark; side bluish silvery, centers of scales brightest;
belly dull white, a dirty, rusty wash from base of ventral to lower part of pectoral; when scales rub off
an orange color is shown; anterior part of side with 11 or 12 small blue-black spots; cheek somewhat
rosy; membrane between rami of lower jaw black; dorsal olive, with 3 rows of rosy or purplish, lighter-
edged, almost coalescing spots at base, above these about 6 less distinct rows of more isolated spots of
same color; distal edge of fin purplish, posterior edge blackish above; ventrals olive, with 5 longitudinal
purplish lines; pectoral, caudal, and anal olive, the caudal somewhat dark at base and edge.
A 10-inch specimen and 10 others taken at Caribou Crossing, July 18, had the following colors in life:
Back olive, the centers of scales lighter; side silvery, underlaid with olive; borders of scales dull
golden; 10 inky black spots, irregularly arranged on anterior part of body, mostly below lateral line,
these varying much, numbering from 3 to 17 in the 10 specimens at hand; one specimen has
over 70 spots, rather paler, and arranged in irregular rows, extending back to adipose dorsal; head olive,
with bluish luster, with some gold and brassy; a blue-black blotch under rami of lower jaw; branchios-
tegals brassy; dorsal dusky olive, upper edge blue-black, 4 rows of spots, the upper violet blue, others
anteriorly violet, posteriorly reddish or yellowish green, a fifth partial row (6 on some), the smaller fish
with spots less distinct; adipose dorsal dusky olive; caudal dusky with a submarginal paler streak;
anal olive, dusky at tip; ventral dusky anteriorly, with 3 lengthwise strips of bright cream color; pectoral
greenish; inside of opercle bluish.
Color in alcohol (No. 2928), back and upper parts of side pearly blue, somewhat paler below, nearly
everywhere finely punctulate with minute black dots, but especially so in a streak on each side extending
from the base of the pectoral to origin of ventral fin; a black or dark blue streak each side of chin, almost
concealed by fold of jaw; a few (5-10) roundish blue spots along anterior part of side; dorsal fin highly
colored, the ground-color dark blue, interrupted by elongate elliptical pink or red spots, these extending
in rows between rays, their long axis parallel with those of the rays, the spots also in rows parallel with
the back, almost forming continuous lines near the base of the fin; ventrals bluish dusky, with longi-
tudinal bright dashes; other fins dusky.
Most of the grayling from Caribou Crossing were taken with a fly from a small pier at the mounted
police station a few rods below the railroad bridge, in water 2 to 5 feet deep. A very small fly (black
gnat) was used. The fish took it either at the surface or when it was sunk a foot to 3 feet. The local
anglers usually fish with the artificial fly and, of course, without any sinker, simply whipping the sur-
face or allowing the fly to float down. Some, however, use a very light sinker and find that the grayling
will sometimes take the fly even better when it is sunk 2 or 3 feet. Very small bits of fresh red meat
are sometimes used and found attractive.
Considering the small size of these fish they were quite good fighters and afforded much sport.
Those taken in the swift water of Kilbourne Creek seemed decidedly more gamy, partly, doubtless,
on account of the current, but they were really better fighters.
The 15-inch example from Lake Bennett was caught while we were still-fishing from a pier near
the hotel. This fish was seen in water 4 feet deep and was repeatedly tried with various kinds of flies,
but it paid no attention to any of them. As a last resort a small piece of fresh, sed meat was placed
on the fly, when the fish rose at once and took it greedily, proving very energetic and vigorous, and
making a very pretty fight.
Family 15. ARGENTINIDA. The Smelts.
38. Mallotus villosus (Miller). Capelin.
Hight (4 male, 4 female) specimens 3.5 to 5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Port Chester,
September 26, 1900, and one 4 inches long from Loring, 1904.
268 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Recorded also by Bean (1882) from Sitka;.Chugachik Bay and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; off Marmot
Island; St. Michael; Bering Strait; Cape Lisburne and Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Gilbert (1895),
stations 3235, 3238, and 3240, Bristol Bay. Murdoch (1885), Point Barrow. Nelson (1887), Golovina
Bay. Turner (1886), Atka Island. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence.
ZEB
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Fic. 13—Mallotus villosus (Miiller).
The capelin is an abundant fish in Alaska, often seen in large schools on the cod grounds. It is
one of the principal foods of the cod, as many as 40 having been found in one cod’s stomach. It is
preyed upon largely also by the halibut and by whales. It reaches a length of 10 inches or less and
is a very delicious food-fish which has not as yet been utilized in Alaska to any extent.
Fig. 14.—Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson).
39. Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson). FEulachon.
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Stikine River; Wrangell; Sitka; Chilkat River; and Katmai. Gilbert
(1895), near the mouth of Nushagak River. Not taken by us.
Fig. 15.—Osmerus thaleichthys (Ayres).
40. Osmerus thaleichthys (Ayres). California Smelt.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from Nushagak River, irom which he again obtained 5 examples in
1903. They are 2.5, 2.75, 2.87, 3, 3.63 inches long, respectively. The largest and one other have the
mouth strikingly different from the remaining specimens—maxillary teeth absent and the maxillary
short and broad, while in the others it is long and narrow.
SS Ve sll
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 269
41. Osmerus dentex Steindachner. Arctic Smelt.
One specimen 4 inches long collected by the Albatross in Bristol Bay in 1890-91, and one 11 inches
long at Tareinski Harbor in 1900; one 5 inches long at station 3231, Bering Sea, June 2, 1890. Also
recorded by Bean (1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay, and from St. Michael and Port Clarence.
Fig. 16.—Osmerus dentex Steindachner.
Gilbert (1895), Naknek and Nushagak rivers and station 3231 in Bristol Bay. Wainwright Inlet near
Point Barrow (Murdoch 1886); St. Michael (Nelson 1887); Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). We have
recently examined a specimen obtained in 1904 by Mr. Edward A. Preble in the Arctic Red River,
a tributary to the Mackenzie.
42. Osmerus albatrossis Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xtv, fig. 2.)
One specimen 5.25 inches long taken by the Albatross at station 3536, Bering Sea, and 2 specimens
3 and 3.5 inches long, from station 3789. .
Originally described from Albatross station 3675 in Shelikof Straits (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
43. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard). Surf Smelt.
Nine specimens 2.75 to 6 inches long were seined in Kilisut Harbor; 16 specimens, 3.75 to 5.75
inches long, at Admiralty Head, Whidby Island; and one, 5.25 inches long, at Dundas Bay. The
species has been recorded by Bean (1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay.
Fig. 17.—Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard).
In the specimens at hand the ventrals are inserted in front of the middle of the dorsal; in other
respects the specimens agree well with current descriptions. A specimen 5.75 inches long is described
as follows: Head 5; depth 5; eye equal to snout, 4 in head; dorsal 9; anal 14; pectorals 14; ventrals 8.
270 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
44. Hypomesus olidus (Pallas).
One specimen collected by the Albatross at Tareinski Harbor. Recorded from St. Michael (Turner
1886, Bean 1882), and from rivers back of Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899). No Alaskan specimens
seen by us.
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Fic. 18.—Hypomesus olidus (Pallas).
45. Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3330, off northern shore of Unalaska.
Fig. 19.—Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert.
Family 16. MICROSTOMID.
46. Bathylagus borealis Gilbert.
Originally described from Albatross station 3327, north of Unalaska (Gilbert 1895).
Family 17. MYCTOPHIDE. |
47. Lampanyctus gemmifer Goode & Bean.
Six specimens 3 to 4.25 inches long, dredged at station 4255, in Lynn Canal July 16, 1903.
48. Nannobrachium leucopsarum (Eigenmann & Higenmann).
One specimen 3.5 inches long was picked up on the beach at Wrangell. Recorded by Gilbert (1895)
from stations 3227, 3307, 3308, 3325, and 3329, all in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island.
49. Nannobrachium nannochir (Gilbert).
Two specimens 3.5 and 4.5 inches long, dredged at station 4267, off Mount Edgecumbe; 3 specimens
1.5 to 2 inches long, dredged at station 4257, in Lynn Canal, and 2 specimens 1 and 1.5 inches long,
dredged at station 4235, in Behm Canal. ;
This species has been recorded by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3211, 3307, 3308, 3327, 3329, 3338, 3340,
3342, and 3348, including the entire North Pacific and Bering Sea.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. OTL
50. Diaphus theta Eigenmann & Eigenmann.
One specimen 2.5 inches long dredged at station 4267, off Mount Edgecumbe in 922 fathoms.
Head 3; depth 4.5; eye 3; snout about 3 in eye; dorsal 12; anal 9; pectorals 12; lateral line 35.
Family 18. CHAULIODONTID.
51. Cyclothone microdon (Giinther).
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from Albatross stations 3307 and 3308 in Bering Sea. Not taken by us.
52. Chauliodus macouni Bean.
One specimen 4.25 inches long from station 4231, Behm Canal near Loring, and another 3.5 inches
long from station4 257, in Lynn Canal. Also recorded from station 3340, south of Alaska peninsula
(Gilbert 1895).
Family 19. PLAGYODONTID.
53. ey artes eesculapius Bean.
Originally described by Bean (1884) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Recorded also from Summer
Harbor, Unalaska (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
Fig. 20.—Plagyodus esculapius Bean.
54. Plagyodus borealis (Gill).
Recorded from Captains Harbor, Unalaska (Bean 1882).
Family 20. NOTACANTHID.
55. Macdonaldia challengeri (Vaillant).
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from Albatross station 3308 in Bering Sea.
- Family 21. DALLIIDE.
56. Dallia pectoralis Bean.
This interesting fish, which is the sole representative of a family and order of fishes, was first
described by Bean (1880), from specimens collected by its discoverer, Dr. Dall, at St. Michael.
Specimens were also reported by Nelson (1887) from Andreaiski, Yukon River, and mouth of Tanana
River, and by Gilbert (1895) from Nushagak River. It occurs in great numbers on St. Lawrence
Island. We have but a single specimen, one secured by Gilbert. Although so abundant in Alaska,
this species is rare in museums and collections in general, illustrating the well-known fact that the
commonest forms in nature are often the rarest as preserved specimens Turner (1886) says:
This species is probably the most abundant of all the fishes which occur in the fresh and brackish
waters of the northern part of Alaska. It is found in all the small streams of the low grounds, in the
272 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
wet morasses and sphagnum-covered areas, which are soaked with water and which at times seem to
contain water sufficient only to moisten the skin of the fish. In the low grounds or tundra are many,
countless thousands, small ponds of very slight depth, connected with each other by small streams
of variable width. * * * These narrow outlets of the ponds are at certain seasons so full of these
sh that they completely block them up. The soft, yielding sphagnum moss above is pushed aside,
and under it these fish find a convenient retreat. Here the fish are partially protected from the great
cold of winter by the covering of mossand grass. In such situations they collect in such numbers that
figures fail to express an adequate idea of their numbers. They are measured by the yard. Their
mass is deep according to the nature of the retreat. * * * The natives repair to the places which
are known to be the refuge of these fish and set a small trap. * * * The natives remove the trap
every day or two to relieve the pressure on it and to supply their own wants and those of their dogs.
* * * From May to December, tons and tons of these fish are daily removed. They form the prin-
cipal food of the natives living between the Yukon Delta and the Kuskokwim River and as far interior
as the bases of the higher hills. North of the Yukon Delta they are also abundant. The natives sell
many of these fish in baskets, a few cents paying for about three-fourths of a bushel. When taken
from the traps the fish are immediately put into these baskets and taken to the village, where the
baskets of fish are placed on stages out of the way of dogs. The mass of fish in each basket is frozen
in a few minutes, and when required to take them out they have to be chopped out with an ax or beaten
with a club to divide them into pieces of sufficient size to feed to the dogs.
Fig. 21.—Dallia pectoralis Bean.
The vitality of these fish is astonishing. They will remain in those grass baskets for weeks, and when
brought into the house and thawed out they will be as lively as ever. The pieces which are thrown to
the ravenous dogs are eagerly swallowed, the animal heat of the dog’s stomach thaws the fish out, where-
upon its movements soon cause the dog to vomit it up alive. The food of these fish has always been a
matter of wonder to me, considering the number of fish to be supplied in the scanty waters where they
abound. The contents of several stomachs were examined and found to contain only a mass of undis-
tinguished earthy matter, vegetable fragments, and what appeared to be the undigested portions of
skins of small worms which frequent the ponds and low grounds. The spawning season is in June and
July, or as soon as the lagoons thaw out sufficiently. The eggs are deposited in the vegetable slime at
the bottoms of the small ponds.
According to Petroff, this little fish is found in all the shallower channels and lagoons throughout the
delta between the mouths of the Kuskokwim and Yukon rivers in such quantities as to furnish subsist-
ence for whole settlements in the most desolate regions where nothing else could be found to sustain
life at certain seasons of the year. It is said that the people inhabiting these regions are in better con-
dition physically when’spring approaches than any of their neighbors in regions where it does not exist,
they being almost exempt from the annual period of starvation elsewhere preceding the run of salmon
in the rivers. The blackfish is exceedingly fat and a good quality of oil is obtained from it.
ee
~I
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 27138
Family 22. ESOCID.
;
5'7. Esox lucius Linnezeus.
Recorded from Yukon River (Bean 1882); common in Kobuk River (Townsend 1887); Andreafski,
Yukon River (Nelson 1887). No specimens were obtained by us, but we were informed that it occurs
in Lake Atlin and Tagish Arm.
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Fia. 22.—Esox lucius Linneeus.
Family 23. GASTEROSTEIDA. The Sticklebacks.
: 58. Pygosteus pungitius (Linnzeus).
This species has been recorded by Turner (1886), from St. Michael. Gilbert (1895), from Nusha-
gak and Naknekrivers. Rutter (1899), brook near mouth of Alitak Bay, Kodiak Island. Scofield (1896),
Grantley Harbor. Nelson (1887), as Pygosteus pungitius brachypoda, from Andreafski, Yukon River, and
St. Michael. Turner (1886), Sannak Island. Bean(1882), St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Unga Island; Iliuliuk
Lake, Unalaska; St. Paul Island; St. Michael; Port Clarence; Elephant Point, Eschscholtz Bay; near
Icy Cape, Arctic Ocean. Murdoch (1885), Point Barrow.
Numerous (probably 500) specimens taken by Dr. Gilbert in a small lake at Koggiung. Two
specimens 2.26 and 1.75 inches long taken along with young salmon in sloughs or little pools of quiet
water along edge of Karluk River near its source, by Mr. Rutter in 1903. These specimens differ
from current descriptions, therefore, in having an increased number of spines, and the ventral spines
somewhat shorter.
The following is a description of the larger specimen, 2.26 inches long:
Head 4 in body; depth 5; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 4; mandible 4; interorbital 4.6;
dorsal x-1, 9; anal 1, 9.
59. Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pallas).
Numerous specimens from the following localities: Admiralty Head and Kilisut Harbor near Port
Townsend; Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island; Alert Bay; Mink Arm, Boca de Quadra; Loring
(from both salt and fresh water); Lake McDonald and Yes Bay; Kasaan Bay; Ankau River; Karluk
Lake and connecting streams and sloughs; Alitak Lake, Kodiak Island; St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group;
Sitka; and Pablof Falls.
The species had been previously recorded by Turner (1886) from Sannak Island. By Bean (1882)
from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove and Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; St. Paul,
‘Kodiak Island; Sanborn Harbor, Unga Island; Humboldt Harbor and Little Koniushi Island, Shu-
magins; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Amchitka; Kyska Harbor and St. Paul Island. Lakes of Kodiak Island
and Karluk estuary (Rutter 1899). Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1899). As Gasterosteus microcephalus
(Bean 1884) from Piseco Lake, Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak; Chirikof Island; Iliuliuk Lake, Unalaska, and
Mountain Lake, near Wards Cove. :
The specimens from Karluk Lake were obtained by Mr. Rutter from a large school seen in the
river near its connection with a side lake and from sloughs or pools of quiet water along the river near
its source. These range in length from 2 to4 inches. The largest of these last specimens have the lateral
plates scarcely evident; the smaller specimens show no plates at all. Examples taken at Lake McDonald
August 24 were full of nearly ripe eggs, as were also those taken at Kilisut Harbor July 1.
B. B. F.1906—18
274 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Among the great number of specimens collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh on St. Paul Island in 1906,
nearly 200 small examples were obtained from a landlocked fresh-water lake and these are not so fully
plated as are larger examples from the same lake. Many of the Loring specimens were infested with
intestinal parasites.
Eighteen different localities in Alaska, eight of which are salt water, are represented in our collection
of Gasterosteus. Every specimen from the salt water is fully plated. Those found in the lakes or well
up the streams usually have fewer plates than those taken in or near the sea, the variation being from
3 plates to a fully plated condition. Those in a fresh-water landlocked lake on St. Paul Island, however,
are fully plated. With this exception (and this lake is not strictly a fresh-water lake), our collections
indicate that whenever sticklebacks begin living in fresh water they begin losing their plates, and a
continued residence there tends to the disappearance of most of the plates.
Fig. 23.—Gasterosteus cataphractus (Pallas).
An examination of our specimens from various localities gives the following results:
Hatchery Lake near Loring, 2 specimens, 6 plates; pubic plate and spimes well developed, not
reduced. |
River connecting with side lake, Lake Karluk, 2 specimens, 4 and 6 plates; spines well developed;
pubic plate not reduced.
Loring, 6 specimens, 3 plates, only 1 plate fully developed; pubic plate and spines not reduced;
pectorals small.
Lake Karluk, about 20 specimens, 4 to 12 plates; pubic plate and spimes not reduced.
Loring, outlet second lake, 1 specimen, 3 plates; spmes and pubic plate well developed.
Loring, at head of bay, many small specimens, few plates; spines and pubic plates well developed.
Heckman Lake, 4 specimens, 3 plates; spines and pubic plate well developed.
Karluk Lake, 12 specimens, 3 to 8 plates; spines and pubic plate well developed.
Head of Mink Arm, 77 specimens, all fully plated; pubic plate and pectoral not different from
fresh-water specimens. ;
Admiralty Head, 1 specimen, fully plated; spmes and pubic plate well developed.
Kilisut Harbor, 13 specimens, fully plated; spines and pubic plates well developed.
Loring, near head of Bight, 2 specimens, fully plated; spies and pubic plate well developed.
Loring, at head of Naha Bay, 12 specimens, plates well developed; others well developed, as are
the spines and pubic plates.
Kasaan Bay, 1 specimen, plates all developed.
Head of Yes Bay, 25 specimens, fully plated.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 275
Family 24. AULORHYNCHID.
60. Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill.
Eleven specimens, 1.15 to 2.15 inches long, seined at Quarantine Dock, near Port Townsend; 3
specimens, 1.25 inches long, taken in kelp near pier at Port Townsend, 5 from Loring, and 1 from Alert
Bay. The species has also been recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882.)
Fig. 24.— Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill.
Family 25. SYNGNATHIDA. The Pipefishes.
61. Siphostoma griseolineatum (Ayres).
Four specimens, 4 to 9 inches long, taken at Loring; one a male, 6.75 inches long, had eggs and
young in its pouch; 3 females, 6.5 to 8 inches long, seined at Kilisut Harbor; 2 females, 5.5 and 11.5
inches long, seined at Metlakahtla; one specimen, 5 inches long, seined in Taylor Bay, Gabriola Island.
We have also 2 specimens, one taken at Loring and one at Yes Bay in 1905, and one other taken at Port
Ludlow in 1895.
Family 26. AMMODYTIDA. The Sand Launces.
- 62. Ammodytes personatus Girard.
Collections were made by the Albatross as follows: One specimen, 3.75 inches long, at Sucia Island,
May 6, 1894; 13 specimens, 3.5 to 7 inches long, south side of Akatan Bay, Aleutian Islands, July 20,
1894; 42 specimens, 3 to 5 inches long, at Agattu Island, June 6, 1894; 6 specimens, 3 to 5 inches long,
taken at Atka Island, June 10, 1894; one specimen, 4 inches long, at station 3595; 52 by Mr. Rutter at
Uganuk in 1897; 2 specimens, 4-and 4.25 inches long, at Unalaska, July 2, 1900; 118 specimens, 2 to
6.25 inches long, were taken in 1903 at Admiralty Head; Loring; Metlakahtla; Pablof Harbor; Uganuk,
‘Uyak Bay, and Shakan Bay.
In addition to the specimens in the collection, the species was seined in abundance in Pablof Bay
and also observed at station 4242 in Karta Bay, at Port Alexander, and Kilisut Harbor. It is frequently
found in the stomachs of other fishes—in the stomach of a halibut at Loring, and many in the stomachs
of sockeyes; many were also found in the stomach of a Dolly Varden trout.
The species has been recorded by Bean (1882), as Ammodytes americanus, from Sitka; Port Mulgrave,
Yakutat Bay; Chugachik and Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; Semidi Islands; Humboldt Bae Shumagins;
Tliuliuk, Captains Harbor, and Chernoffsky, Unalaska; Pomiccancree Kens Port Clarence; and
Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Also by Bean in 1884 (as A. personatus) from Wemeell and Port Ghee.
ter. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska; Chernoffski; Herendeen Bay and Hagemeister Island. Nelson (1887),
St. Michael; and Scofield (1899), Chignik sud Port Clarence.
Small boys, seen using this fish at Sitka for bait in fishing for ‘‘black bass” (Sebastodes melanops),
called them ‘‘needlefish.’”” They are abundant along the Alaskan coasts at least as far north as the
Aleutian Islands, going in great schools and frequenting sandy shores, where they quickly bury them-
selves in the sand when disturbed. At Unalaska in 1892 one of us saw more than a barrel taken in one
haul with a short seine. More delicious little fish probably do not exist. They are usually prepared
by rolling in fine corn meal or cracker crumbs and frying in butter.
Family 27. BERYCID.
63. Plectromus lugubris (Gilbert).
Recorded from station 3327, north of Unalaska (Gilbert 1895), as Melamphaes lugubris.
276 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
64. Plectromus cristiceps (Gilbert).
One specimen 4.75 inches long from station 4267, off Cape Edgecumbe, in 922 fathoms.
Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.80; eye 5.3 in head; maxillary 2.3; mandible 2; interorbital 3.1;
dorsal m1, 13; anal 1, 8.
Head long, blunt anteriorly, remarkable for cavernous areas surrounded by membranous ridges, the
eye surrounded by a raised rectangular area bordered above and below by raised crests; a fragile but
sharp spine on snout and a horseshoe-shaped crest on top of head, the rounded border pointing anteriorly;
a raised area ending in a ridge in front of preopercle and resembling the latter in outline; a fan-shaped
striate patch on upper posterior corner of opercle; mouth wide, slightly oblique, the gape reaching to
vertical of pupil. Dorsal rather long, its base 1.5 in head, its origin halfway between tip of snout and
base of caudal; anal short, its base 3.5 in head, its origin about middle of base of dorsal; ventrals short,
inserted immediately below pectorals; pectoral long and slender, reaching to posterior end of dorsal,
about 1.2 in head, narrow (about 18-rayed), inserted close behind gill-opening and_about two-thirds
distance from dorsal to ventral outline. Scales apparently deciduous, the scars only remaining,
largest anteriorly, 24 in longitudinal series, 9 in transverse series; no lateral line.
Predominating color black; fins dark; crests, occiput, and area about eye white; positions occupied
by scales lighter, border area black.
Family 28. ZAPRORID.
65. Zaprora silenus Jordan.
Known only from 2 specimens, the type and one other now in the Provincial Museum at Victoria,
both taken in Nanaimo Harbor, British Columbia.
Fig. 25.—Zaprora silenus Jordan.
Family 29. EMBIOTOCIDA. The Viviparous Surf-fishes.
66. Cymatogaster aggregatus (Gibbons). White Surf-fish; Viviparous Perch.
This interesting fish occurs from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, northward at least as far as Yes
Bay, Alaska. It was found by us at the following places: Marrowstone Point near Port Townsend, June
29; Kilisut Harbor near Port Townsend, July 1; Taylor Bay and Gabriola Island near Nanaimo, June 20;
Union Bay, Nanaimo, June 23; Fort Rupert, June 25; Boca de Quadra, July 6; Yes Bay and Karta Bay, |
July 8; Loring and Klawak, August 8. It was abundant at all these places, except at Yes and Karta
bays, and many specimens were seined at all of them, but none was seen farther north than Yes Bay.
Bean (1883) records it from Wrangell. The specimens collected up to July 1 were mature, the females
all being heavy with young. In some instances the young had begun to escape, as some were found in
the water, and in nearly all cases they could be easily pressed from the body of the mother. Frequently
they were able to maintain themselves in an upright position in the water and swim about.
A large number of examples of this species were examined for the purpose of determining the
extreme and average sizes of adult males and females, the number and size of young at time of libera-
tion, and the position of the young in the ovary. It was found that the average total length of all the
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. OTE
females (106) examined was 5.25 inches; of the (44) males, 3.84 inches. The extremes were: Females,
3.25 and 8 inches; males 3.31 and 5.69 inches. The number of young in 81 females examined varied
from 8 to 36, the average being 15.76. The position of the young in the ovary was determined in 54
\
SS ort
i: ¢ Bas te~ Is bb aN
ran a: :
CEU BS GR Sonne EL
Fig. 26.—Cymatogaster aggregatus (Gibbons). Male.
fishes. They were found to contain a total of 813 young, 652 or 80 per cent of which were lying with the
head toward the head of the mother fish, while 161 or 20 per cent had the head toward the tail. In one
instance all the young (11) had the head forward, and in every case but one the majority of the young
FIG. 27._Cymatogaster aggregatus. Female.
had the head forward. The one exception was with a 5.5-inch fish with 12 young, 9 of which had the
head toward the tail. The young were quite uniformly 1 inch to 1.25 inches in length. Those of an
unusually large female (6.75 inches) were each 1.63 inches long.
The table on page 278 gives these data in detail.
278 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
PosttIon oF YOUNG IN GRAVID EXAMPLES OF CYMATOGASTER AGGREGATUS.
i | 1 1 oe | 1 ' i >
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41 | noe he... eee ee Pe 1] 13) 82) Kilisut Harbor July 1).| 6.75 |.....-|...-.- 36
| : ‘es
Color of female in life, silvery; back olive-greenish or brassy; side with 2 broad vertical brassy
bars, between which and in front and back of which the scales are whitish, and with a large black blotch
of small specks; top of head olive; belly white; dorsal and caudal olive, other fins white.
“Surf-fish”’ is a very appropriate name for this little species. During the spawning season it swarms
in great numbers in the surf or in shallow water along sandy shores. Every haul of the seine at Kilisut
Harbor and about Nanaimo and Fort Rupert resulted in the capture of great numbers.
The spawning season on the coast from Puget Sound to Fort Rupert is evidently during the last
days of June and the first days of July, and the fish seem to come into shallow water along the shore to
liberate their young. There is evidence indicating that the more quiet, shallow reaches of shore are
then selected as affording the least danger to the delicate young fish. The fact that numerous females
captured at Karta Bay July 11 were all spent fish indicates that the spawning period is a brief one.
The number of females seems to be in excess of the males. Of 90 fish examined at Fort Rupert, 66
were females, and about the same proportion held elsewhere. The preponderance of females may,
however, be more apparent than real. The males are considerably smaller than the females, and it
may well be that some were overlooked in the mass of material resulting from each seine haul.
The white surf-fish will take the hook, but is too small to be of much interest as a game fish. It
is said to be a very fair pan fish.
.
67. Tzeniotoca lateralis (Agassiz). Blue Perch; Striped Surf-fish.
The only example seen was seined at Kilisut Harbor, July 1. Color in life, reddish brassy, greenish
on head and back; side and back with many narrow, pale bluish Bure, half width of brassy interspaces;
underparts paler brassy; fins dusky brassy.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 279
68. Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard). White Viviparous Perch; Porgee.
This species was found at Diamond Point, Kilisut Harbor, and Marrowstone Point, June 27 and
July 1; Taylor Bay, Gabriola Island, June 20; and Union Bay, Vancouver Island, June 23. It was not
abundant anywhere, but was most common at Union Bay. A female examined at Gabriola Island was
14 inches long and contained 23 young, each about 1.9 inches long. Four other examples measured
were 2.75, 5.25, 4.75, and 6.5 inches long, respectively.
A specimen 2.62 inches long has the pectorals dark, almost black; anal anteriorly dusky; caudal
dusky at base, and a conspicuous black spot about the middle of the dorsal.
on
SS
Ash oegy,
Wace lbs
Meer:
ze
\ LEE:
Ye
& S)
x Ss;
Fig. 28.—Damalichthys argyrosomus (Girard).
Family 30. SCORPENIDE. The Scorpion-fishes.
69. Sebastolobus alascanus (Bean).
The collection contains 11 specimens of this species, the localities represented being stations 4238
to 4241 (Behm Canal) and 4302 (Sumner Strait, off Shakan). The depths range from 169 to 256 fathoms.
The specimens range in length from 3.4 to 23 inches.
Dorsal xvi in 8 specimens, xvit in 3. In two small examples (3.4 and 5 inches total length) the
black spots on the spinous dorsal are quite distinct and the pectorals are marbled with black and white.
The ventrals also are dusky, and the soft dorsal of the smaller specimen is dusky, and has 3 or 4 small
roundish white spots. Two adults (nos. 2878 and 2879) taken at station 4238, in Behm Canal, were,
in life, bright rose-red all over, paler below, especially on lower parts of head; fins all red; caudal with
some black on outer parts of membranes; pectoral also with some black on interradial membranes;
inside of opercle rose-color.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded
also by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3324, 3330 to 3332, and 3337 to 3340, in Bering Sea, north of
Unalaska Island, or in the north Pacific, southeast of Unimak Island.
This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more. Its range extends from California to Bering Sea.
It is usually found in rather deep water, 100 to 800fathoms. Its flesh is palatable and the species should
be of some value as a food fish.
280 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
70. Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of the Alaskan Peninsula. No other
specimens have been taken in Alaskan waters, but it has been found to be almost equally abundant with
S. alascanus off the coast of California as far south at least as San Diego, in relatively deep water. It
reaches a foot in length. f
ae
RR or ~
Fig. 29.—Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert.
71. Sebastodes paucispinis (Ayres). Boccacio.
This species occurs from San Diego to Barclay Sound, British Columbia, in rather deep water. We
have one specimen 8 inches long, from Barclay Sound, collected by the Albatross September 27, 1888.
The species reaches a length of 2.5 feet and a weight of several pounds.
Fic. 30.—Sebastodes melanops (Girard).
72. Sebastodes melanops (Girard). Sitka ‘‘Black Bass.”
This species was obtained at Nanaimo, in the surface tow-net, at Sitka, Naha Bay, and Port McArthur
with hook and line, and by Mr. Rutter at Karluk. Four specimens were seined at Metlakahtla, and
several were seenat Shakan. They range in length from 6.5 to 15.25 inches. We have examined also an
example 8.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Barclay Sound, British Columbia, September 23,
1888, and also 2 specimens 7.5 and 8.5 inches long collected in 1893 at St. Paul, Kodiak, and 7 others
6 to 13.5 inches long collected in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Hunter Bay.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 281
The range of this species is from Monterey Bay to Kodiak Island, it being most abundant northward.
It reaches a length of 18 to 20 inches. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Sitka and St. Paul, Kodiak.
These fish take the hook freely and afford some sport as game fish. At Sitka July 28 they were biting
well and many were caught from the wharf. Pieces of meat were used for bait and the fish were found in
water 6 to 18 feet deep. They usually take the hook rather quietly and at first make a pretty good
fight, but soon give up and allow themselves to be lifted out of the water without much struggle.
They are therefore a ‘‘ boy’s fish,’? which will not appeal strongly to the experienced angler, but they
are good food fish and bear a certain resemblance to the black bass (Micropterus). Color in life, olive-
brown, blotched with dirty red.
73. Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius).
Two specimens, 3.75 and 7.25 inches long, from station 4285 in Chignik Bay. These have 14 dorsal
spines each. In all other respects they agree perfectly with a large specimen (no. 2865), 13 inches long,
taken with hook and line at Loring, July 7. We have also 3 specimens 12 to 13.5 inches long collected
Be
represen ese
Seneca ce,
Siaee:
2
<2
Lene sess
Ka Dy
Fic. 31.—Sebastodes ciliatus (Tilesius).
by the Albatross in 1897 at Redfish Bay and Killisnoo. The species isnow known from Kodiak Island,
Aleutian Islands, Chignik Bay, Loring, Mary Island, Tolstoi Bay, Nakat Harbor, and Port Chester.
As our 13-inch specimen is more than twice the size of those upon which current descriptions were
based, we give the following notes on it: Head 3.2 in length; depth 2.8; oblique rows of scales 60, plus
a few small scales on base of caudal fin; pores 50; eye 4 in head, equaling snout; interorbital width about
equaling eye; fifth dorsal spine 2.75 in head.
Our examples have been compared with the 3 small specimens from Kodiak in the National
Museum and one 7.5 inches long collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island, August 14, 1888, with
which they agree.
Epinephelus ciliatus Tilesius, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., Iv, 1810, 474, ‘‘Camtschaticus et Americanus’’: no defin-
ite locality given, probably from about Kodiak Island.
Perca variahilis Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 241, 1811, AleutianIslands. (Type in museum of Berlin; red exam-
ples of S. aleutianus included as the summer coloration.)
‘
282 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES..
74. Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert. Black Rockfish.
One specimen (no. 1670) 14 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Attu Island in 1893, and 2 others
(no. 2165 and 2166), each 15 inches long, collected by the same vessel at Killisnoo. The species ranges
from the Aleutian Islands to San Diego, and about San Francisco.is the most abundant of the family.
It occurs in shallow water and reaches a length of about 14 inches.
-
Pe
Fig. 32.—Sebastodes mystinus Jordan & Gilbert.
75. Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean).
One fine specimen 143 inches long (no. 2864), taken on hook at Loring by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain
in July. Dorsal xm, 14; anal mt, 7; 61 pores in lateral line; only the nasal, preocular, and parietal spines
present; mandible apparently naked; gillrakers 10 + 25, the longest 1.75 in eye.
The collection contains also 4 other specimens which we refer to this species, seined at Metlakahtla,
July 10. They are each about 4 inches in length and agree in all essentials with the large specimen.
AEE
ARAKI
Nee ae
Si
)
si .
BE RK, BAN
b) is 3,9 AY Ai Sas) D9
shah
Fig. 33.—Sebastodes brevispinis (Bean).
Each of them, however, shows a very distinct black spot on the membranes of the ninth to thirteenth
dorsal spines; colors otherwise agreeing with the large examples. ;
Originally described by Beza (1884) as Sebastichthys proriger brevispinis from Hassler Harbor.
This is a rare species, as yet known only from the type and the 5 specimens here recorded.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 283
°
76. Sebastodes alutus Gilbert.
The collection contains 20 specimens of this species, representing the following localities: Dredging
stations 3486, 3489, 3490, 3449, 3459, 4223, 4227, 4228 (4 specimens), 4249, (tag no. 2898), 4253 (tag no.
2905), 4283, 4284 (3 specimens), 4285, 4289 (5 small specimens and one large example no. 3000), 4290
(tag no. 2995), and 4292. These specimens range in length from 4.4 to 15 inches. We have also exam-
ined 8 small specimens 3 to 5 inches long dredged among the Santa Barbara Islands at station 2840, and
2 specimens (paper tag no. 110 and 111), each about 4.5 inches long, from Albatross station 3599,
June 9, 1894, in Bering Sea. These specimens had a number of parasites upon them.
All these specimens agree in the main with the excellent original description of the species. Speci-
men no. 2898, 9.25 inches long, from Eastern Passage (vicinity of Stikine River Delta), shows some
differences, the body being more slender, the eye larger, snout longer, maxillary longer, and the mandible
more projecting. It gives the following measurements: Head 2.75; depth 3.5; eye 3.1; snout 4.4;
maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 15; anal m1, 8; gillrakers 10 + 28.
The young differ somewhat from the adult. The following detailed description is based on a speci-
men (no. 97) 4.5 inches long from station 4285: Head 2.8 in body; depth 3.5; eye 3.1 in head; maxillary
2.2; mandible 1.8; snout 4; interorbital 4.8; dorsal xm, 15; anal, 8; ventrals1, 5; pectorals 18; pores
47-+1 on tail, about 51 transverse series of scales.
Rf Biers
ay
ES
Fig. 34.—Sebastodes alutus Gilbert.
Body ovate, compressed, both dorsal and ventral outlines gently curved; head moderate; mouth
medium, slightly oblique, the tip of premaxillary on a level with pupil, the gape extending to under
nostril; maxillary extending toa little beyond vertical at middle of orbit; mandible to posterior margin
of pupil; teeth minute, in narrow bands on palatines, a triangular patch on vomer, bands on upper jaw
terminating anteriorly in rounded lobes, leaving a vacant space at symphysis, the teeth each side of
vacant space slightly enlarged; band on lower jaw narrow, the symphyseal patch somewhat raised and
its teeth somewhat enlarged, this patch fitting into the vacant space above; lower jaw slightly projecting,
entering profile, a small symphyseal knob; tongue rather large, fleshy, acute; buccal cavity rather
pale; interorbital space tolerably broad, 1.5 in eye, and very slightly concave; cranial ridges rather
sharp and tolerably well defined, the following spines present: nasal, preorbital, supraorbital, postorbital,
tympanic and parietal, all these small, but stout and sharp; a stout humeral spine; opercular
spines two, triangular, united at base; preopercular spines five, rather stout. Scales on jaws, cheeks,
and occiput, a barren patch above suborbital stay; scales on body very weakly ctenoid, as are those
on occiput; scales on jaws, cheeks, and breast cycloid. Dorsal fin rather low, its longest (fifth) spine
2.45 in head, longest ray about 3 in head (probably broken); base of fin about 1.8 in body, its origin
above tip of opercular flap; distance from tip of snout to origin about 2.9 in body; fin membranes some-
what incised, leaving about one-third of the spines exserted; border of fin not deeply emarginate; anal
not high, length of longest ray 2.1 in head, the base the same length; second anal spine longest, not
conspicuously stouter than others, its tip reaching slightly beyond tip of third spine but not to tip of
284 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
nearest rays; ventrals rather narrow, acute, length 1.6 in head, tips not reaching vent by quite a percep-
tible distance; pectorals rather broad, acute, 1.25 in head, tips reaching nearly to vent, lower 9 rays
very slightly thickened, not branched, upper rays branched; caudal 1.55 in head, apparently truncate;
gill cavity somewhat dusky; gillrakers 11 + 25, rather long and slender, 1.9 in eye; peritoneum black.
Color in alcohol, light yellowish-brown above, somewhat silvery below; occiput, line along base of
dorsal, and spot on opercle dusky; dorsal more or less dusky, the edge of the membrane blackish.
77. Sebastodes pinniger (Gill). Orange Rockfish.
One specimen 5 inches long from station 4220 in Admiralty Inlet, July 1. It is a female with well
advanced eggs.
Head 3.25 in body; depth 3; eye 3.5 in head; maxillary 2.1; dorsal xm, 14; anal ur, 7; scales 45.
A specimen 4.5 inches long from station 4193. Dorsal xm, 14; head 3; eye 3; gillrakers 12 + 26,
long and slender.
Another example 3.5 inches long from station 4205.
This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and ranges from San Diego to Puget Sound.
Fic. 35.—Sebastodes pinniger (Gill).
78. Sebastodes aleutianus Jordan & Evermann. (Pl. xvi.)
This species is certainly known only from the type locality, Shelikof Strait, off Kodiak Island.
79. Sebastodes saxicola (Gilbert).
Two specimens 2.5 and 2.75 inches long seined at Metlakahtla, and 3 others, 2.5, 4.25, and 6 inches,
dredged at station 4228 (Naha Bay).
Head 3; eyes 2.75; snout 4; interorbital 4; pores 43; scales about 50; dorsal xm, 14; anal m, 7;
gillrakers 11+23, long and slender, 2 in eye. ;
An example 9 inches long from station 3129, off the coast of central California, March 13, 1890,
has the head 2.75; snout 4.25; depth 3.2; gillrakers 10+23, 2.1 in eye; eye 3.2. Longest ee spine
2.5 in head.
Another example (paper tag no. 102), from Barclay Sound, had the gillrakers 9+22, long and
slender, 2.2 in eye.
We have compared our specimens with others in the National Museum and find them identical.
This fish ranges from southern California to southeast Alaska in waters of moderate depth. It
reaches a foot in length.
PLATE XVi.
Bull, U. S. B. F. 1906.
“Gd AL
"NNVWUSAS VY NVONOP SANVILAD IV SaCO.LSVEas
et
v “ae ’
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 285
80. Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 2.65 in body; depth 3.1; eye 3.2 in head; snout 4.2; maxillary 2; mandible 1.8; interorbital
about 2 in eye, 6 in head; dorsal xm, 18; anal mm, 7; scales 42 in oblique series, about 32 pores.
Body oblong-ovate, compressed, the dorsal and ventral contours gently curved, the dorsal sloping
rather gently both ways from the nape; caudal peduncle rather slender, its least depth 1.15 in eye;
head large, bluntish; interorbital space rather narrow, somewhat concave, a pronounced ridge inside
of each supraocular ridge; nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal, and
coronal spines all present, rather strong; preorbital narrow, with two broad flat lobes on the upper
half; two broad flat humeral spines; opercular spines strong, somewhat diverging; preopercular spines
moderately strong, the second longest, the first, second, and third projecting backward, but somewhat
diverging, the fourth and fifth short and blunt, projecting downward and backward, all about equally
spaced; teeth in rather narrow villiform bands on both jaws and palatines, a triangular patch on vomer;
the band of teeth on upper jaw broadening to rounded lobes anteriorly, leaving a small, naked interspace
at the symphysis into which the symphyseal knob of the lower jaw fits; the tongue small, short, and
broadly rounded; maxillary reaching vertical at posterior edge of pupil, its width at the tip 2 in eye;
lower jaw scarcely projecting; the mouth somewhat oblique; premaxillary on a level with lower edge
of pupil; gillrakers.8+21, rather long and slender, the longest about 2 in eye. Dorsal long, its origin
AVERNSSESESSS :
We GAELS SOS CASENRNIR CS
Fig. 36.—Sebastodes swifti Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
a little in front of the rounded opercular flap, the distance from tip of snout to origin of dorsal equaling
the length of head; base of dorsal about 1.8 in length of body; dorsal spines moderately strong, curved,
the longest about equaling distance from tip of snout to middle of pupil; dorsal rays somewhat shorter;
notch between spinous and soft dorsal not pronounced; second anal spine strong, curved, about equal-
ing the third in length; ventrals short, not reaching vent; pectorals long, reaching vertical at vent;
scales rather adherent, finely ctenoid; top of head, opercles, cheek, and maxillary scaled; mandible
naked.
_ Color in alcohol, pinkish-brown, with indistinct, dusky, black patch above lateral line; cheek
somewhat dusky, a black patch on upper edge of opercle and a smaller one at lower end; axil black;
dorsal, anal, caudal, and ventrals tipped with black; inside of mouth pale; under side of opercle
posterior to pseudobranchiz with a black patch.
This species appears to be related to Sebastodes crameri, from which it differs in the narrower and
more concave interorbital, the stronger ridges on the head, the stronger cranial spines, the presence
of coronal spines, the smaller eye, the longer maxillary, the less strongly arched body, and the fewer
pores in the lateral line.
286 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. |
Our collection contains two specimens—the type, no. 57821, U. S. National Museum (field no.
2872), 6.25 inches long, from Albatross station 4234 in Yes Bay, Alaska; and the cotype, no. 2893 (no.
5228, Bureau of Fisheries), 3.5 inches long, from Albatross station 4246, Kasaan Bay, Alaska.
This species is named in honor of the late Lieut. Franklin Swift, U. S. Navy, the efficient com-
mander of the Albatross during the Alaska investigations in 1903.
81. Sebastodes diploproa (Gilbert).
-
The collection contains 2 small specimens (no. 2784 and 2785), 3.25 and 3.5 inches long, dredged
at station 4191, in Nanaimo Harbor, June 19. We have also examined a specimen (no. 101) 6.75 inches
long, collected by the Albatross in 1890, probably off the California coast.
No. 2784 in life was light red, brownish on back, coppery on head; belly below lateral line abruptly
silvery, scarcely washed with red; back with 5 obscure dull orange saddles, very diffuse, extending
below lateral line, the one below soft dorsal broadest; head all red, the opercle with many dark dots;
dorsal red, slightly orange shaded, pinkish at tips, the soft dorsal with a black cross-blotch about half-
way up from behind third to sixth soft ray; black on membranes, not on rays; caudal faint orange,
base reddish, tips pale; anal like soft dorsal, the black blotch fainter, larger, from behind second spine
to third soft ray; pectoral and ventral pinkish-red; inside of mouth red; gill-cavity white; peritoneum
black.
Head 2.75 in length; depth 3.1; eye 3.3 in head; snout 5.1; maxillary 2.25; mandible 1.9; inter-
orbital 1.5 in eye, 4.5 in head; dorcel xii, 12; anal 11, 8; pores in lateral line 34, to 41. Nasal, pre-
ocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present, all well developed; preorbital with 2 blunt
diverging spines; 2 small humeral spines; gillrakers 11-+-23, long and slender, 2 in eye.
No. 2785 has more black on second dorsal, less on anal; membranes of spinous dorsal dusky edged;
a little dusky on upper edge of opercle; general color light brick red, the belly abruptly silvery.
These specimens have been compared with the types in the National Museum, with which they
are found to agree.
The species reaches a length of a foot or less, and occurs on our Pacific coast from the Cuonaae
Islands northward to Nanaimo.
82. Sebastodes introniger (Gilbert).
One small specimen 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4243, in Kasaan Bay, agrees in most respects
with the original description of this species.
Head 2.75; eye, 2.75; dorsal x1, 14; anal m1, 6; scales about 45, 31 pores; gillrakers 8-20, rather
long and edden: 2 in eye.
Four specimens, 3.85 to 4.75 inches long from station 4223, in Boca de Quadra. These do not show
the black gill-cavity and mouth which introniger is said to have. We have one other specimen, no.
1088, 20 inches long, dredged at station 3324, Bering Sea, August, 1890. The species has also been
recorded from Bering Sea at stations 3311, 3317, 3324, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895). The known range of
this fish is from Santa Barbara to Bering Sea, in waters of moderate depth.
83. Sebastodes ruberrimus Cramer. Red Rock Cod; Red Rockfish. (PI. x.tt.)
The collection contains 1 large specimen (no. 2868) 12 inches long from Boca de Quadra, where
it was caught on hook and line, July 5, at a considerable depth. When brought to the surface its stomach
had been thrown out into its mouth. This specimen agrees with current descriptions. (The colored
painting was made from life, from an example about 2 feet long, taken at Loring, where the species
is not uncommon. )
Gillrakers 9+18, short, rough, clavate, 3 in eye, first 5 on short arm and last 7 on long arm mere
tubercles. Head 2.6; depth 2.6; eye 4.5; dorsal x11, 15; anal m1, 7; scales 50, pores 44; maxillary 2.1;
mandible 1.66.
We have also 3 specimens 18, 19, and 14 inches long, collected respectively at Hunter Bay, Mary
Island, and Mink Arm, and a specimen 19 inches long collected in Union Bay. The species has been
recorded by Bean (1882), as Sebastichthys ruber, from off Point Bingham; Jacobi Island; Gulf of Alaska;
and Kygani Strait.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 287
The red rockfish is one of the largest of the family. It attains a length of more than 2 feet and a
weight of many pounds. Asa food fish it is of considerable importance, the flesh being fairly firm and
of good flavor, and it takes the baited hook freely and possesses some game qualities. It is known to
occur from San Diego to Boca de Quadra and Loring in southeast Alaska in moderate depths.
84. Sebastodes rosaceus (Girard). Orange-red Rockfish.
Two specimens (no. 2822 and 2823), 5.2 and 9 inches long, seined near Marrowstone Point, June 29,
and 1 example (paper tag no. 105), 9.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 2887, off the
coast of Oregon, October 19, 1888. ;
The membranes of the dorsal and anal fins are deeply incised, being very different from all other
species with which we are acquainted. In the soft dorsal and anal the interradial membranes do not
reach more than two-fifths of the length of the rays. We have compared our specimens with 9 others
from Santa Barbara and find that some of the latter show the same structure, though the majority show
little or no incision of these membranes.
This species reaches a length of a foot or more and is a good pan fish. Its range extends from San
Diego to Puget Sound.
85. Sebastodes rupestris (Gilbert).
The collection contains 3 specimens 4.75 to 6 inches long (nos. 2906-8) from station 4253, in Stephens
Passage, and one 6 inches long from station 4231 in Behm Canal. The last specimen has 14 spines in
the dorsal, but in all other respects it agrees with the other specimens. ‘Maxillary in all three specimens
reaches to posterior margin of pupil; gillrakers 9 +16 (+4 tubercles), more numerous than usually given
in descriptions.
Comparison of our specimens with the types shows no imporant differences. The black on the fins
in the types has faded, while in ours it is still very distinct. Ours also have a large dark opercular spot
not mentioned in the description of the types. We have also compared our specimens with the types of
Sebastichthys aurora and find them to agree fully. We are unable to discover any characters by means
of which they can be distinguished, and are therefore compelled to unite these two nominal species.
S. rupestris as here understood ranges from the Santa Barbara Islands northward to Southeast Alaska
(Stephens Passage and Behm Canal).
Sebastichthys rupestris Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xu, 1890 (July 1), 76, Albatross station 2946, in 150 fathoms
off southern California.
Sebastichthys aurora Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat Mus., x11, 1890 (July 1), 80, Albatross stations 2948 and 2960, in 266 and
267 fathoms, off southern California.
86. Sebastodes dalli (Eigenmann & Beeson).
A single specimen (no. 2820), 8 inches long, taken on hook at Union Bay, June 23. It appears to
agree with S. dalli, except that the maxillary is closely scaled on the posterior half.
Gillrakers 7+-18, longest 2 in eye, the first 5 on the short limb blunt and rough-tubercular, the last
8 on the long arm similar. Scales 61 or 62, about 45 in oblique series along lower portion of side; head
3; depth 3; eye 4.5; snout 4.5; interorbital a little less than eye.
Dorsal 13; anal 6; dorsal spines 1.75 in head; nasal, postocular, preocular, tympanic, and parietal
spines present; coronal spine on right side and nuchal spine on right side present; a small humeral spine
present; preorbital with one broad spine. Mandible naked; maxillary closely scaled on posterior half.
The only specimens previously known are the type (from San Francisco) and another from Vancouver
Island.
87. Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson).
We have 15 specimens 2 to 5.5 inches long collected by Osgood and Heller at Queen Charlotte
Island, July, 1900; one specimen (no. 1820), 10.5 inches long, collected in 1895 in Klemtoo Harbor; one
11.5 inches long obtained by the Albatross at Sitka in 1896; one 9.5 inches long by Luttrell at Sitka; one
20 inches long collected at station 3449, off Washington; 19 specimens collected near Seattle in 1903 by
288 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Mr. J. E. Todd, and 2 by Mr. Chamberlain at Dolomi in 1903. Thespecies has also been recorded by Bean
(1882) from Old Sitka and Chacon and (1884) from Mary Island. It was described originally from Sitka.
Interorbital flat; gillrakers 9+ 19, the longest 2 in orbit, the last six on lower limb mere tubercles,
the first four on vertical limb short, rough, and somewhat clavate.
Sebastodes caurinus, Osgood, North American Fauna No, 21, September 26, 1901, p. 20 (Queen Charlotte Islands).
nY
Secon tc:
She yy es
Ne
So
a
i
Fig. 37.—Sebastodes caurinus (Richardson). i
88. Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). Yellow-backed Rockjish.
Two specimens (nos. 108 and 109), 6.5 and 7.5 inches long, seined at Union Bay, June 22, and 2
caught on hook at same place June 23; also 2 (nos. 2954 and 2955), 8.5 and 9.5 inches long, taken on
eRe Be
Se
~~
Fig. 38.—Sebastodes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert). :
hook at Sitka, July 28; 5 specimens, 12.5 to 14 inches long, were taken by the Albatross at Mary Island;
and a single specimen 13 inches long at Klemtoo Harbor in 1895. Two other specimens, one taken by
Luttrell at Sitka and one by H. C. Fassett at Klawak. These all agree well with specimens in the
National Museum, No. 2954 may be described as follows: fe)
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 289
Head 2.9; depth 2.9; eye 4; snout 4.1; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; interorbital 5.25; dorsal xm,
12; anal m1, 6; gillrakers 8+ 19, rather stout, longest 2.75 in eye; scales 57, pores 48; longest dorsal
spine 1.8 in head; longest dorsal rays 2.1 in head. In other specimens the gillrakers were 10+ 21 or
10+ 19.
Body short, stout, and deep; mouth slightly oblique, lower jaw not projecting, maxillary nearly
reaching posterior border of orbit: mandible and maxillary not scaled; nasal, preocular, postocular, tym-
panic and parietal spines present; nuchal, coronal, and supraocular spines absent; preorbital with 2
broad, low points, not spine-like.
This species is known to range irom Monterey to Sitka in rather deep water, being abundant north-
ward. It reaches a length of about 2 feet. It was also recorded from Sitka by Bean (1882) as
Sebastichthys maliger.
89. Sebastodes nebulosus (Ayres).
A small specimen (no. 112), 2.5 inches long. from station 4204, off Fort Rupert. We have also 2
others, 11 and 12 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905. Bean (1884) records it
from Mary Island. The following measurements are taken from the small example from station 4204:
Head 2.75; depth 3.6; eye 2.9; dorsal xm, 13; anal m1, 6; scales 45 to 47, about 42 pores; gill-
rakers long and slender; nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, and parietal spines present. The color,
however, does not exactly agree with that given for this species. Our specimen in alcohol is clayey
white, mottled with large, irregular brown blotches, about 4 along side above lateral line, 2 or 3
immediately below it, and 3 along lower part of side; spinous and soit dorsals similarly mottled.
90. Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres). Black-banded Rockfish.
Two specimens, 13 and 14 inches long, taken by Mr. H. C. Fassett at Klawak in 1905, and one
specimen (no. 2863), 12 inches long, taken by Mr. Chamberlain on hook and line at Naha Bay, Loring,
July 7, 1903, where he states that the species is common. This specimen gives the following meas-
urements:
SS
Fig. 39.—Sebastodes nigrocinctus (Ayres).
Head 2.65; depth 2.67; eye 4; dorsal xm, 14; anal m1, 7; scales 52; pores 44; snout 4.5; gillrakers
9+ 21, stiff, rough, clavate, the longest 3.5 in eye, the terminal ones of each arm reduced to tubercles.
It differs from typical examples in the following respects: There is a small supraocular spine on the
left side; the mandible is pretty well covered with very minute, thin cycloid scales; the nuchal spines
coalesce with the parietal.
Color in life: Body blood red; cheek with a black stripe downward from front of eye to lower edge
of cheek; another from eye backward and downward to branchiostegals; a large black blotch on upper
B. B. F.1906—19
290 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
part of opercle; a broad black bar from front of dorsal downward to opercle, connecting with black
opercular blotch; another and much broader from fifth to seventh dorsal spine nearly vertically down-
ward to belly; another from ninth to twelfth dorsal spine to vent; two others from soft dorsal to soft
anal, these fusing below; fins all red, the dorsal and anal encroached upon by the black sidebars; a
short black area behind eye; base of pectoral blotched with blackish.
This species reaches a length of 2 feet or more and is known to range from Monterey Bay to Naha
Bay. Recorded (1884) by Bean from Mary Island.
Family 31. ANOPLOPOMATIDZ.
91. Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas). Black Cod.
The black cod, coalfish, beshow, or skil, as it is variously called, occurs on our Pacific Coast from
Monterey Bay to the Aleutian Islands. It was taken by the Albatross at station 2869, in 1888, at Cordova
Bay in 1897, and at Loring, Pyramid Harbor, and Taku Harbor in 1900. One specimen from each
place is in the collection. Bean, in 1882, records it from Sitka and Wrangell and in 1884 from Hassler
Harbor. We also have one specimen (no. 02825), 14 inches long, taken with hook and line over the
rail off Fort Rupert (1903).
This species is known at Loring and Taku as black cod; at San Francisco it is called candle-fish,
and on Puget Sound, horse mackerel; it is sometimes sold in the markets as Spanish mackerel; in the
Straits of Fuca it is known as beshow by the Neah Bay Indians. It is found usually in rather deep
water and is perhaps most abundant in the Puget Sound region. It is seen oftener in the Seattle
markets than in those of any other place. It attains a length of 18 to 20 inches and a weight of 5
pounds.
As a food fish it occupies only a moderate rank, the flesh being rather dry and tasteless. On Puget
Sound, however, where it reaches a larger size and is fatter than elsewhere, it is more highly esteemed,
particularly by the Indians. It is said to feed on crustaceans, worms, and small fishes. As a game
fish it is not without interest, taking the hook readily and making a fair fight. It can be taken with
cut bait at depths from 2 to 15 fathoms.
Family 32. HEXAGRAMMIDA. The Greenlings.
92. Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas). Atka Mackerel; Atka-fish.
This interesting fish occurs in the North Pacific, chiefly among the Aleutian Islands. It was
described originally by Pallas in 1810 from specimens obtained at Unalaska. Its center of abundance
Fic. 40.—Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas).
seems to be in the passages about the islands of Atka and Attu. . It is known also from about the Pribilof
Islands and eastward through the Aleutian Chain to Belkofski and the Shumagins. Stejneger found
it at Saranskaya, Bering Island. Bean (1882) has recorded it from Unalaska, Chernofski, and Attu;
Turner (1886) found it at Unalaska, Amlia Pass, Captains Harbor, Atka, and Attu; Gilbert (1895) lists
it from Unalaska; and Evermann found it in abundance during the last week of May (1892) at Atka
and Attu.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 291
The best account of the habits of this fish is that given by Turner. It is so interesting and
instructive that its republication, with some slight modification, is justified. Turner says: 4
When I arrived at Unalaska in 1878 I heard much talk about the ‘‘mackerel.’’ During the summer
of that year I had an opportunity of conversing with those who frequented the western islands of the
Chain, where these fish were said to abound. Several persons referred to these fish as ‘‘Spanish
mackerel,’’ others called them ‘‘horse mackerel” and ‘‘ Alaskan mackerel,’’ and under several scientific
names. They were served at the table on several occasions, and all who ate of them highly praised
their good qualities and spoké of their great resemblance in taste to the Atlantic mackerel. It was
not until in May, 1879, that I had an opportunity of visiting the locality where they were said to. be
abundant.
During the summer of 1879 I was at Atka Island, and soon made inquiry concerning the fish. I
was told that they make their appearance in the narrow pass between the islands of Atka and Amlia
about the Ist of June, and that the fish invariably come from the Pacific Ocean, which here mingles
its waters with that of Bering Sea.
The first arrivals of fish are the males of largest size and beauty of color. They arrive a few days
before and await the arrival of the females and immature males.
By the 18th of June the fish have come in countless thousands. They arrange themselves with
their heads toward the tide currents which rush violently through the pass. The flood tide sets in
from the Pacific, while the ebb flows toward the Pacific, or, in other words, a southerly directed current
for the ebb and a northerly directed current for the flood tide. The pass is very rocky, with numerous
sunken rocks in the middle and on the eastern side. The western side of the pass has the deepest water
and is 3 fathoms deep in the channel. On the north side of the pass numerous ledges of rocks, hidden
rocks, kelp patches, and small islets of but few feet above the water’s edge are to be found. It would
be very difficult navigation for a vessel of over 20 tons to go through there with safety. The natives of
the present day cross pretty well to the north side of the pass until they get under Amlhia Island and then
run near the shore of Amlia with their small bidari or open boats.
Among the seaweeds or kelp patches on a cloudy day of clear lower atmosphere the fish may be seen
in the following order:
The young males and immature females form a stratum of three or four fish deep and several feet |
wide; beneath these a second stratum of older males and females, whose roe is not yet developed, and
will later, in the spawning season, take their place with those in the third stratum, which is compcsed
of vigorous males and females. The latter are the most abundant. The female deposits her eggs on
the. kelp, though much of it must doubtless be lost by the swift currents washing it off. These males
and females remain in this place until the spawning season is over, generally by the 20th of July, after
which they gradually disperse and quickly find their way back to the Pacific. Many times I have
seen huge halibut lying like large flagstones beneath the lower stratum of fish, waiting for one to come
within reach. Without moving a great distance I could see over a dozen halibut at atime. I estimated
the weight of some of the larger ones to be not less than 350 pounds.
The natives of Atka repair to this place and have several turf houses of small size built there. It
is also a garden spot where a few vegetables, such as radishes, turnips, and a few potatoes, are planted.
To attend to their gardens and to be near the fishing grounds the Aleuts of many places have built
these summer villages. Here assemble all the old men not able to hunt and the children and women
of the hunters gone off on a summer’s cruise for sea otters. These lay in a store of dried and salted
fish for their sons and friends.
The natives obtain the greater number of the fish in the following manner: Each man has a two-
holed bidarka (canoe). In it a small boy sits in the front hole while the old man sits in the rear hole.
The man uses a pole of several feet in length (generally not less than 12 feet long), on which is firmly
secured a hook of iron, having a flattened point with a sharp edge and a notch filed on the inner side
to act asa barb. When the canoe arrives at the place the boy is ordered to seize hold of a strong frond
of the giant kelp, which streams out sometimes for over a hundred feet, and among which the fish are
most abundant. After coming thus to anchor the man carefully thrusts the pole into the water, and
if the fish are plentiful he will soon feel them surging against it. He now begins to jerk it up and down
in the water to gig any fish that may come along. In a few seconds he brings one out. The work
now becomes exciting, for scarcely has the pole been again thrust in the water than it is jerked into
another fish. A man may thus, in a couple of hours, take 200 to 300 fish. After the canoe is loaded
it is taken to the shore, where the women slit open the back of the fish, take off the head, clean out the
entrails, and with a cut on each side the backbone is removed to the tail. The two sides of the fish
are left hanging together by the tail. This is to enable the fish to be hung over a pole to dry. Often
the men bring the fish directly to the principal village and clean them there, though this is done more
often when the fish are to be salted. At the season between June 25 and July 25 the fish are extremely
fat from the abundance of a small crustacean, which has previously come in myriads to the same places
as these fish. The fish which are to be dried are usually taken about the Ist of August, as they are so
fat before that time that I have seen the oil drip from the drying fish. They also, from the presence
of the oil, become rancid in a short time and are said not to keep so well.
At Attu Island also I had an excellent opportunity for studying the habits of these fish. At this
place the fish are most abundant at the entrance to Chichagof Harbor, on the northeast shoulder of the
aContributions to the Natural History of Alaska, by L. M. Turner, p. 96, Washington, 1886.
992 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
island. Several islets and many reefs are disposed nearly across the entrance to the harbor. Between
these the tide currents run with great velocity. An abundance of large kelp patches is found in the
vicinity. The fish arrive at Attu, from the southwestward, about the 24th of April, though this date
varies according to the openness of the season. It is rarely later than the Ist of May. The fish come
at first in a straggling manner, and their first appearance is made known by their being caught on hooks
while the men are fishing for other kinds. The first comers are usually nearly adult males. They are
not fat on arrival, but soon become so from the abundance of small crustaceans that fairly swarm among
the patches of seaweed by the 10th of May, and at which time the fish are tolerably numerous. By the
10th of June thousands of these fish can be seen in the shallow water (about 14 to 8 fathoms deep) below.
The natives here take considerable quantities of these fish and dry them for use at an early date. They
rarely salt them for the reason that, they state, this fish makes the consumer thirsty. When they go to
catch them they visit the various localities known to be the haunts of these fish, and by looking beneath
the mass of kelp fronds can see them if present; if not, the fish are off in the open water. They then
watch every floating piece of detached seaweed. It is constantly turning round and round, like in an
eddy of water. The fish are playing with it, and there will be found an abundance. The gaff is quickly
thrust into the water, and one is soon struck and brought out.
I here had opportunity to come to the conclusion that these fish will bite readily at the hook. I saw
them jump and struggle to get at the gaff and could feel them strike against it while it was in the water,
and at times it was impossible to hold it in position, as the mass of moving fish carried it along with them.
Any kind of fresh fish may be used as bait on a small cod hook for these fish. A piece of scarlet
flannel tied above the hook is good to attract the fish, as they will then bite voraciously.
With a hook a person can catch the fish as fast as put into the water. With the use of several hooks
on one line, several fish may be taken at once. With the gaff the fish are taken in great quantities, equal
toalldemands. The run lasts at Attu until July 25, after which the fish are spent and slowly disappear
from the waters.
These fish were not known at Attu previous to 1875. They came unexpectedly and were caught on
hooks set for other fish. Since that time the people have had an abundance of them. From my own
observations I am led to assert that 500 barrels of 200 pounds each can be procured at Attu in the season
from June 1 to July 31.. At the entrance to Chichagof Harbor is the only known locality at Attu where
these fish resort. The natives assert that the coming of these fish was coincident with the disappearance
of the sea lion (Humetopias stelleri), and those natives maintain that the fish drove the sea lions off—just
opposite to my own conclusions, for I think the fish come to those places where they will be least perse-
cuted by the sea lions.
These fish are also reported to be abundant at Kiska Island, between the islands of Atka and Adak;
also between Unalga and Unalaska, and also in the passes between some of the Shumagin Islands. I saw
a few individuals in Captains Harbor, Unalaska Island, in the early part of July, 1881. This is the first
instance of their occurrence in that locality. They were small in size and of the size which constitutes
the upper stratum as spoken of in regard to the disposition of the fish on the spawning grounds of Amlia
Pass.
This fish could be easily taken in great quantities, especially at Amlia Passand Attu. Some writers
of Alaskan affairs have mentioned exorbitant prices paid for a barrel of salted fish of this kind. They can
be prepared at a cost of $2 per barrel for the fish at either Attu or Amlia. The cost of the barrel and salt,
of course, is to be added. Only the necessary sheds for protecting the barrels from the weather would
have to be erected. Native help could be procured at a cost of $1 per day for a man and 50 to 75 cents
per day for the women, who can clean the fish as expertly as the men.
This species appeared at Atka about May 15, 1892, the large ones coming first. Natives stated
that the fish are always found in the kelp and that they disappear late in September and early in October.
They sometimes come into the harbor even in front of the village. Small ones, half the size of the
largest, appear in July. Sea lions killed at various times throughout the winter frequently have their
stomachs filled with Atka mackerel; hence it is believed these fish remain about the islands all the
year. Captain Lennon found Atka mackerel in stomachs of fur seals taken in Bering Seain July. They
evidently spawn in June. Numerous females examined May 28 were found with nearly ripe roe, the
eggs being about the size of no. 6 shot.
There is no other fish of the Aleutian Islands, whether in salt water or fresh, that is so interesting .
to the angler as the Atka mackerel. In the first place it is a most beautiful fish, with its alternating
broad bands of glossy black and chrome yellow and its trim form; and its game qualities are of no
mean order. It takes the hook readily and makes a good fight. The usual method of taking it is by
‘“jigging.”? On May 28, 1892, the senior author had excellent sport catching these fish near the mouth
of the bay at Attu. Three hooks tied together in a bunch were used, and just above them was tied
a piece of white muslin. The line was weighted so that the hooks would descend quickly. When
they had reached the bottom, or near it, they would be jerked up and down and the fish, striking at
the muslin, would be hooked or would catch the hook in their mouths. The lines would be let down
through the kelp in water 15 to 25 feet deep.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 293
The fish were in schools and it was easy to get great numbers; in fact, one would be kept busy
hauling in the fish and taking them off the hook. Usually they were near the bottom when the fish-
ing began, but they soon became greatly excited and would come near the surface, where they could be
seen swimming about as if greatly disturbed and evidently searching for the piece of white muslin
which had attracted their attention. When first hooked they would come up very readily; in fact,
they seemed to swim upward until near the surface when they would become alarmed and dart back
and forth in their efforts to free themselves. Then the sport was very exciting.
The Atka mackerel reaches a length of 18 inches and a weight of 3 or 4 pounds. The average
weight of 585 fish was about 2} pounds and the maximum 3} pounds.
Commercially this species has never come into the prominence which its excellence as a food fish
justifies. Asa fresh fish it is delicious either baked or fried. It takes salt well, and in that con-
dition is a very palatable and nutritious article of food. There seems to be no good reason why an
important fishery should not be established.
93. Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas). Rock Trout.
Four specimens 3 to 8 inches long, collected at Sucia Island, Gulf of Georgia, May 6, 1894. No.
2230-2233 and 2235, each about -14 inches long, collected by the Albatross in Redfish Bay, Baranof
Island, September 6, 1897, showing the two distinct color patterns, and no. 1729 (1763), a specimen
13 inches long, collected at Sitka by Luttrell.
Fic. 41.—Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas).
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Old Sitka; Chatham Strait; and Unalaska, and in 1884 from
Tolstoi Bay. Nelson (1887), Unalaska.
This species, also called boregat and bodieron by the Russians, ranges from Point Conception to
Kodiak Island. It is most abundant southward and is common at San Francisco.- It attains a length
of 18 inches and is a good food fish.
94. Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas). Alaska Greenling.
This species has been obtained by the Albatros at Uganuk Bay, Kodiak Island (1897), Attu Island,
Sucia Island, and Akutan Bay (1894), Tareinski Harbor, and Unalaska, Litnik Bay (1900). Bean has
recorded it (1882) as H. ordinatus from Old Sitka, from Popoff Island (Shumagin Group), and Iluliuk
and Chernofski; and Nelson (1887) records it from Unalaska. It has been recorded also from Petro-
paulski, from Robben Island, and Iturup Island. In 1903 the Albatross seined an example (no. 2971)
9.5inches long at Uyak Bay, another (no. 2976) 10 inches long at Snug Harbor, and one 10.25 inches long
at Union Bay. An example (no. 151) 4.25 inches long from Tareinski Harbor shows plainly the black
humeral spot and 7 black transverse bars on anal fin; supraoccipital flap very small, about equal to
pupil; a few white spots on side.
994 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
The center of abundance of this species seems to be among the Aleutian Islands, and its range
extends westward to Petropaulski and Robben Island and south to Sitka. The species attains a length
of a foot or more and is a good pan fish.
Fig. 42.—Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas).
95. Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius. Greenling.
This species seems to be rather common all along the coast of Alaska, specimens having been taken,
with hook or seine at Marrowstone Point; Otter Bay, Sucia Island; Alert Bay, Union Bay, Kilisut Har-
bor, Metlakahtla, Cleveland Passage, Loring, Skagway, Sitka, Killisnoo, and Litnik Bay.
The specimens taken were chiefly small ones, the smallest being 3 inches long—one each from
Litnik Bay and Ankau River, the largest 13.5 inches long irom Litnik Bay; another specimen, 13.25
inches long, is from Marrowstone Point.
The specimen irom Marrowstone Point had in life back and side olivaceous with paler greenish spots;
side with about 8 darker vertical bars, these ill defined; head greenish olivaceous; belly and under parts
Fic. 43.—Hexagrammos stelleri Tilesius.
yellowish, dusted with dusky greenish; dorsal olivaceous, with small yellowish spots more or less coales-
cing and large blackish areas near base; caudal orange red; anal with 6 oblique lemon bars, separating
broader darker bars, edge of fin bluish reddish; pectoral reddish yellow, barred with darker; ventral pale
yellowish with reddish tinge. The young are much blotched and mottled with bars on the side. These
markings tend to disappear in the larger examples, leaving the color in alcohol uniform brownish.
The species has also been recorded as Hexagramus asper (Nelson 1887) from St. Michael. Bean
(1882) records it from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak;
Unalaska, Atka, St. Michael, and Port Clarence. Gilbert (1895), stations 3228, 3229, 3231 to 3234,
3239 to 3241, 3243, and 3245 in Bristol Bay. :
The species ranges from Kamchatka and Unalaska to San Francisco, being perhaps most abundant
in Puget Sound. It reaches a length of a foot and is of value as a food fish.
:
:
:
:
:
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 995
96. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas). Red Rock Trout.
Three specimens, 11 to 14.63 inches long, obtained by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, where another 18.5
inches long, was collected in 1893 by the Albatross. We have also examined Nelson’s (1887) specimens
from Kyska; Akutan Bay; Redfish Bay, and Unalaska; Bean’s from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat
Bay; Amchitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Chernofski, and Attu; and Gilbert’s (1895) from Makushin
and Chernofski Bays, Unalaska Island and stations 3244 and 3245 in Bristol Bay.
Fig. 44. Hexagrammos superciliosus (Pallas).
We fail to find any differences in the supraocular flap of this species and that of octogrammus. Dr.
Gilbert says it may be distinguished from octogrammus by the larger flap, smoother scales, and deeper
notch in the dorsal. The deeper notch in the dorsal and the complete fourth lateral line in swpercili-
osus are the only marked differences we can find in our specimens. The specimen from Redfish Bay is
very highly colored with large white spots and bars, the spots being on base of pectoral and lower part of
body, the bars running irregularly over body and head.
This species ranges from Bering Sea to Monterey Bay bit is most abundant northward. It grows to
a length of nearly 2 feet and is a palatable food fish.
97. Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas). (Pl. xv, fig. 2.)
The home of this species is in the western parts of Bering Sea. It is known to occur about Bering,
Robben, and Iturup islands. The only specimen known from Alaskan waters was obtained at Attu in
1894 by the Albatross. Itis no. 1665, U.S. National Museum, and is 19 inches long.
Fia. 45.—Ophiodon elongatus Girard.
98. Ophiodon elongatus Girard. Cultus Cod.
Recorded from Sitka by Bean in 1882.
Three small examples, 4 to 5 inches long, from Port Townsend; one (no. 02832), 12.5 inches long,
from Marrowstone Point. The species was also seen at Quarantine Station, Union Bay; Port Alexander;
Sitkoh Bay; and Loring. It was taken both in the seine and with hook and line. We also have a speci-
men 12 inches long taken by the Albatross at Port Etches, Prince William Sound, 1897.
The cultus cod occurs on our west coast from Santa Barbara northward to Prince William Sound, and
is abundant throughout most of its range. It reaches a length of nearly 4 feet and a weight of 30 to 40
296 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
pounds. Although not a high-grade food fish, its size and abundance make it a species of considerable
commercial importance. As a game fish also it is of interest, taking the hook freely and affording much
sport to the angler.
99. Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard.
This monotypic species is abundant in rather deep water from San Francisco northward at least
as faras Puget Sound. We have 31 specimens 5 to 7.5 inches long collected by J. P. Todd near Seattle,
1903. It reaches a length of a foot and is a slender fish of dry, firm substance and singular form, little
valued as food.
Fig. 46.—Oxylebius pictus Gill.
100. Oxylebius pictus Gill.
This species occurs on rocky shores from Monterey Bay northward at least to Puget Sound. It
is a small fish, seldom exceeding 10 inches in length. It dwells in the kelp, where it is usually
abundant, though it is rare in collections. It is not of much food value. We have one specimen
8 inches long, taken by the Albatross at Seattle, March, 1892.
J
Fic. 47.—Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner).
Family 33. COTTIDA.. The Sculpins.
101. Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner).
Fourteen specimens, 2.5 to 4.5 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd, near Seattle, in 1903.
A conspicuous nasal tentacle about as long as pupil. Anal dark in the males. The species reaches
a length of 6 inches and occurs from San Francisco to Puget Sound in moderate depths.
_
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 297
102. Tarandichthys filamentosus (Gilbert).
One specimen 2.5 inches long dredged at station 4193, off St. Mary Mission. Not before recorded
north of southern California.
Eye rather larger than given in current descriptions, being scarcely 3 in head; filaments on pre-
opercle not evident.
103. Tarandichthys tenuis (Gilbert).
Two examples, 2 and 2.5 inches long, from station 4204, near Fort Rupert, and two, 2.1 and 3.75
inches long, from station 4193, in the Gulf of Georgia. Not previously recorded from north of San
Francisco.
In our specimens the maxillary reaches anterior edge of pupil; gillrakers small and tubercular;
peritoneum dusky; 2 parietal spines; first 2 or 3 scales of lateral line enlarged, the first with a distinct
spine; pearly patches on base of pectoral.
The larger specimen from Gulf of Georgia had its stomach filled with shrimps and its abdominal
cavity full of thread-like worms.
104. Icelinus burchami Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 2.8 in length; depth 4.6; eye 3.25 in head; snout 4.5 in head; maxillary 2.2; mandible 2;
interorbital 2.25 in eye; dorsal rx-16; anal 14; pectoral 18; lateral line 38.
Body comparatively slender, tapering rapidly backward to caudal fin; head rather large; mouth
moderate, low, terminal, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw slightly included; maxillary rather short,
reaching posterior edge of eye; eye moderate, somewhat ovate; nasal spines short and obscure; nasal
Fig. 48.—Icelinus burchami Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
tentacle obsolete; supraorbital with a flat, black, bifid cirrus posteriorly, its length about equaling the
pupil; a slender black occipital filament; a small white filament near tip of maxillary; occipital
ridges not prominent, the included space flat, not pit-like; interorbital space flat, the median ridge
very faint; preopercular spine rather strong, its length about 1.5 in orbit, three sharp spines on its
upper edge directed upward, a short, sharp spine at the tip; under edge of peropercle with 3 short,
stout, triangular spines, the first and second directed backward and slightly downward, the third,
which is longest and sharpest, directed downward and forward; opercular spine flat and obscure; a
double row of scales or plates along upper part of side, beginning under about the fifth dorsal spine
and ceasing under the last dorsal ray but one, the row double throughout its entire length except
posteriorly, where the lower row ceases three scales in advance of the upper row; upper edge of
caudal peduncle, narrow space between the double row of scales, just described, and the dorsal fin,
and broad space between it and the lateral line, naked; entire body below lateral line naked; no
postpectoral plates. Fins well developed; spinous dorsal with the spines slightly filamentous, the
longest about 2.75 in head; longest dorsal ray 3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; caudal somewhat
rounded, its length 1.8 in head; pectoral broad, reaching past front of anal; ventrals very short and
inconspicuous, their length scarcely exceeding diameter of pupil.
298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Color in alcohol, yellowish brown; body and head blotched and mottled with small whitish
spots and darkish irregular blotches; dorsal, anal, and caudal fins dark, blotched with white; pectoral
similar, the lower rays whitish at tip, the interradial membranes darker.
This species is related to J. borealis, from which it differs chiefly in the larger eye, the shorter snout,
the weaker nasal spines, the shorter preopercular spines, and the less complete series of scales along
the base of the dorsal. Type, no. 57822 U. 8. National Museum (field no. 99), a specimen 4 inches
long from Albatross station 4228 in 41 to 134 fathoms, off Loring, Alaska, July 7, 1903. Cotypes: No.
5229, Bureau of Fisheries; no. 20010 Museum Stanford University; no. 57825, U.S. National Museum,
and no. 6117, Field Museum, all from the same place; and no. 33003, Academy Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia, from Behm Canal, near Loring, July 8, 1903.
This interesting species is named for Mr. James 8. Burcham, a young naturalist of great promise,
who lost his life at Lake McDonald, November 12, 1905, while in the employ of the Bureau of Fisheries.
105. Icelinus borealis Gilbert.
This species is common and widely distributed. We have examined specimens from the following
localities: Albatross stations no. 4205, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4217, and 4218 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4276
(Alitak Bay), 4285 (Chignik Bay), 2428 (Behm Canal), 3597 (off coast of Washington), Seattle, and
Loring. It had been previously recorded by Gilbert (1895) from various Albatross stations north and
Fig. 49.—Icelinus borealis Gilbert.
south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. The known range is, See from Bristol Bay
and the Aleutian Islands to Puget Sound.
Our specimens are 1.6 to 3.25 inches long. The length (2.5 feet) given in Fishes of North and
Middle America is evidently an error. Weare unable to distinguish /. strabo Starks from this species.
106. Astrolytes fenestralis (Jordan & Gilbert).
The collection contains one specimen 3 inches long, seined at Metlakahtla, 6 smaller specimens
seined at Admiralty Head, Whidby Island, and 5 specimens from Sucia Island; also 13 specimens
collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach at Karluk and 13 by Mr. Chamberlain at Loring. Recorded
from Unalaska and Sanborn Harbor, Shumagin Islands by Bean (1882) as .Artedius notospilotus, and
from the Shumagin Islands by Jordan & Gilbert (1899).
Head 2.9 in length; depth 4.6; eye 4.3 in head; dorsal 1x-17; anal x11; lateral line 36; maxillary
extending to posterior border of pupil.
This species reaches a length of about 5 inches. Its known range extends from Puget Sound to
Unalaska.
107. Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson.
One specimen 1.13 inches long, from station 4213, near Admiralty Head.
Head 3.1 in body; depth 4.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; inter e equal to eye;
dorsal 1x, 17; anal 14; ventral 1, 3: pectoral 15; brachii §; pores 35.
Body rather dlobsute, not much compr eek gradually tapering from head to the rather slender
caudal peduncle, the least depth of which is about 3 in head.
Head rather small, lateral profile of snout somewhat blunt and rounded, upper profile somewhat
rounded; interorbital rather broad and somewhat concave, nasal spines prominent, a round filament
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, | 299
at the base of each, the sheath of the premaxillary pedicel rising between them as a stout, blunt spine;
occiput rounded, without spines or cirri, a cirrus or two near tip of opercle; preopercular spines 4, the
upper curved and hooked upward, rather blunt, but strong, and covered with skin, the others minute,
all extending as mucronate points from a broad base, and all apparently pointing upward; a series
of large pores under eye and along lower edge of preopercle and lower jaw; mouth small, somewhat
oblique, the tip of premaxillary about on a line with lower margin of orbit; maxillary reaching to
anterior margin of pupil, lower jaw included; teeth minute on jaws and vomer,; gill-membranes forming
a free fold across isthmus; origin of spinous dorsal above gill-cleft, its base 1.33 in head, its upper margin
parallel with back; base of soft dorsal 2.9 in body, spinous and soft dorsal connected by membrane;
pectoral 2.66 in body, quite large, pointed, reaching a considerable distance beyond origin of anal;
ventral 1.66 in head, nearly reaching vent; length of caudal about equal to head; anal quite long,
its base about equal to length of head; caudal apparently truncate, its origin nearly vertical from that
of soft dorsal; vent considerably anterior to middle of body.
Head naked, the rest of the body covered with small papillz; enlarged scales along lateral linc,
especially in front, pores somewhat conspicuous for the whole length; plates of lateral line not keeled,
but each bearing several small spines on posterior margin; a series of indistinct transverse wrinkles
behind axil.
Color mottled olivaceous on sides, the mottlings indistinct, so disposed as to form a series of about
5 saddle-like markings across the back about equally distributed, the light areas between them nearly
circular; top of head dusky; fins plain.
Stelgidinotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. XXVIII, 1905, p: 977, near Bremerton, Wash.
Vz fr.
et
Fig. 50.—Stelgidonotus latifrons Gilbert & Thompson. Type.
108. Artediellus pacificus Gilbert.
‘Our collections contain specimens from the following localities: Albatross station 4285 (Chignik
Bay), 4268 (Afognak Bay), 4276, 4277, 4278, and 4279 (all in Alitak Bay); and 3653 (Bering Sea). The
species was originally described from station 3216, south of Sannak Island, and is recorded by Gilbert
from many stations in Bristol Bay.
A female 2.5 inches long, from station 4279, August 6, contained 105 nearly ripe eggs, measuring
about 18 to the inch. Of the 15 specimens from Alitak Bay, 2 are males which exhibit a markedly
_ fuller development of the dorsal fins than the others. A small thread-worm was found in the abdominal
cavity of one specimen.
300 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
109. Rastrinus scutiger (Bean).
Originally described by Bean (1891) as Icelus scutiger from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Island.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895), as Jcelus scutiger, from station 3339 south of the Alaskan Peninsula. Not
obtained by us.
Fig. 51.—Rastrinus scutiger (Bean).
110. Icelus bicornis (Reinhardt).
Two specimens from station 4281, one from 4285, one from 4286 (all in Chignik Bay), and one from
4278 (Alitak Bay). These range from 1.75 to 3.2 inches long. Also recorded from many stations in
Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895).
This species is easily distinguished by the 2 pairs of spines on occiput, but the specimens we have
vary as to the number of dorsal spines, there being 8 or 9, and the rays vary from 17 to 20.
cas.
Fig. 52.—Icelus spiniger Gilbert.
111. Icelus spiniger Gilbert.
One specimen 3.25 inches long, dredged at station 4227 in Behm Canal, near Loring; 3 specimens
2.4 inches long from station 4281, in Chignik Bay; 2 specimens 2.6 inches long from station 4273 in
Alitak Bay; 2 specimens 1.75 and 2.4 inches long from station 4283, in Chignik Bay; 1 specimen from
4289, 3 from 4291, 6 from 4292, 2 from 4293, and 6 from 4295, all in Shelikof Strait; these vary in length
from 2 to 3.25 inches.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3216, 3223 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3267, 3278 to
3280, 3292, 3302, 3311, 3334 and 3336, in the vicinity of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay.
112. Icelus euryops Bean.
Originally recorded by Bean (1891) from station 2853, off Trinity Islands, where 3 specimens were
secured. Not taken since that time.
1138. Icelus vicinalis Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3324, 3330 to 3332 in Bristol Bay (1890). Not
taken since.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 301
114. Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3329 north of Unalaska (1890). No other spec-
imens have been taken.
Fig. 53.—Icelus canaliculatus Gilbert.
115. Radulinus asprellus Gilbert.
Twenty-one specimens, varying from 0.75 to 5 inches, are in the collection, representing the following
localities: Station 4221, mouth of Hood Canal; station 4219, Admiralty Inlet; station 4204, off Fort
Fic. 54.—Radulinus asprellus Gilbert.
Rupert, British Columbia; station 4191, in outer harbor at Nanaimo, British Columbia; Kasaan Bay;
station 4226, Behm Canal, near Loring; station 4234, in Yes Bay; and near Seattle by J. P. Todd.
In the specimen from station 4226 the snout equals eye, and is3.1in head; maxillary 2.66; mandible
2.1; peritoneum silvery; length of caudal fin 1.45in head. These measurements are not given in current
descriptions.
Fig. 55.—Triglops beani Gilbert.
116. Triglops beani Gilbert.
The collection contains specimens from the following localities: Albatross stations 4205, 4211, 4212,
and 4213 (all in Admiralty Inlet), 4248 (Eastern Passage), 4268 and 4269 (Afognak Bay), 4242 (Karta
302 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Bay), 4243 (Kasaan Bay), and from Behm Canal near Loring. The species had been previously recorded
from Wrangell Straits (Bean 1884; as JT. pingelli), Bristol Bay, at numerous Albatross stations (Gilbert
1895), and Bering Sea at Albatross stations 3598 and 3599 (Gilbert 1895).
The specimens obtained during the recent investigations were from depths varying from 14 to 71
fathoms. The males have a dark stripe on side just above anal fin, extending posteriorly from about
first third of fin and uniting with the other median stripe at about fifth or sixth ray from last. Anal
papilla in male well developed; peritoneum white, liver large, several large pyloric ceca, females
not smaller than males.
This sculpin reaches a length of 4 to 8 inches and is of wide distribution, its known range extend-
ing from Puget Sound to Bering Sea and to Robben Island.
Fig. 56.—Triglops scepticus Gilbert.
117. Triglops scepticus Gilbert.
A single female example 5.75 inches long dredged at station 4291, in 65 to 48 fathoms, in Shelikof
Strait. The interorbital space is more narrow than stated in current descriptions, being contained 3.5
instead of 1.5 times in the eye. About 7 of the lower rays of the pectoral are enlarged and exserted.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3215, 3222 to 3225, 3309, and 3339, south of
Sannak and north of Unalaska Island.
Fic. 57.—Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert).
118. Sternias xenostethus (Gilbert).
We have two specimens, 2.5 and 4.25 inches long, of this rare species, secured by the Albatross at
station 3599, in Bering Sea. Only the type, a specimen 1.5 inches long, has heretofore been known.
This was described by Gilbert (1895) from Albatross station 3220, north of Unalaska Island.
Fic. 58.—Prionistius macellus Bean.
119. Prionistius macellus Bean.
Recorded from stations 3214, 2218, and 3223, south of Sannak and north of Unimak Island (Gilbert
1895).
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 303
120. Elanura forficata Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3213, 3214, and 3222, south of Sannak and north
of Unimak Island.
Fig. 59.—Elanura forficata Gilbert.
121. Melletes papilio Bean.
Originally described by Bean (1880) from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group. It has not since been
taken.
Fia. 60.—Melletes papilio Bean.
122. Hemilepidotus jordani Bean. Jrish Lord.
Very abundant practically everywhere along the Alaskan coast. The collection contains specimens
from the following localities: Shumagin Islands; stations 4268 and 4270, in Afognak Bay; stations 4283
and 4285, in Chignik Bay; station 4291, in Shelikof Strait. We also have 5 specimens 2 to 17 inches
long, collected by the Albatross in other years at Sitka, Chignik Bay, and station 3600. The center
of abundance for this species seems to be about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula.
The species was originally described by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, also recorded by him from
Port Althorp; Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Iliuliuk
and Chernofski, Unalaska. By Gilbert from numerous Albatross stations about Amak and Unalaska
islands.
The eye varies considerably in size, even in large examples, being usually 4 or even more in head;
maxillary 2.3; mandible 2.2; snout 3.6; interorbital 1.3; peritoneum silvery. A specimen 17.5 inches
long and weighing 2 pounds, taken over the rail with hook and line at Fox Bay, August 11, had in life
the following colors: Side dirty olivaceous, with about 5 broad, irregular, darker blackish bars; belly
white, with numerous small, roundish dark spots, few or none on middle line of belly and breast; top
of head blackish, side of head somewhat blacker, the opercle and lower part of cheek nearly black;
304 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
edges of premaxillary, maxillary, and cheek, side of lower jaw, and first 2 or 3 branchiostegals and mem-
branes rich lemon-yellow, remaining branchiostegals and lower side of head clean white; dorsal dark .
olive, the anterior portions black; pectoral dirty white at base, dirty olivaceous elsewhere; anal dark;
caudal grayish olive, the membranes pale greenish or yellowish; tip of fin light greenish-yellow; eye
reddish brown.
Fig. 61.—Hemilepidotus jordani Bean.
A female 13.25 inches long (no. 2985), taken in Chignik Bay, August 10, was full of small eggs.
We have another specimen, 4.75 inches long, from station 3599, in Bering Sea, taken in 1894. In
this specimen the ventral fins are much longer than in typical examples, and have many tubercles on
the under side. Five examples taken at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, August 12, gave the following
lengths and weights:
Length. Weight.
183 1 15
153 1 133
178 eee
158 1 14
14% 1 64
This interesting fish reaches a length of more than 2 feet, and is abundant about the Aleutian
Islands. :
It is very frequently taken in the salmon traps and is regarded as a nuisance by the fishermen. It
is of some value as a food fish, but is rarely eaten. It is apparently not known in Southeast Alaska.
Tia. 62.—Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius.
123. Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus Tilesius. Red Sculpin.
Very common, particularly about Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. The collection con-
tains 9 specimens, 2 to 14.5 inches long, secured at Sucia Island; Hunters Bay; Loring; Killisnoo; Litnik
Bay; Karluk; and in Uyak Bay. It has also been recorded (Bean 1882) as Hemilepidotus trachurus
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 305
from Sitka; Port Althorp; Port Etches; Port Chatham; Cook Inlet; Popoff Strait and Coal Harbor, Shum-
agins; Unalaska; Kyska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Bay of Islands, Adak; Amchitka; Chichagof Harbor and
Attu. Bean (1884), Fort Tongass and Nakat. Nelson (1887), Unalaska.
Known from Kamchatka to San Francisco. Not common in Bering Sea, but appears to be
abundant from Sitka to Puget Sound. It reaches a length of 18 inches and should be of some value
as a food fish.
Fig. 63.—Enophrys bison (Girard).
124. Enophrys bison (Girard).
This sculpin is quite common south of Killisnoo. No specimens were secured by us north of this
point. The collection contains 34 specimens, 1 to 9.5 inches long, taken at the following places: Port
Townsend; Marrowstone Point; Admiralty Head; Fort Rupert; Kilisut Harbor; Port Alexander; Port
Ludlow; Sucia Island; Loring; Yes Bay; Cleveland Passage, and Killisnoo.
The species was recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka, and from St. Paul, Kodiak Island.
125. Enophrys claviger (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (Pl. xvm, fig. 1.)
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from station 3233, Bristol Bay. No specimens obtained by us.
Fic. 64.—Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas).
126. Ceratocottus diceraus (Pallas).
Recorded by Bean from Sitka (1882) and Tolstoi Bay and Fort Tongass (1884); by Gilbert from
Herendeen Bay (1895), and by Jordan and Gilbert from St. Paul Island (1899, as C. lucast).
We have 3 specimens, 5.75 to 6.25 inches long, collected at Tareinski, Kamchatka, June 21, and 2
specimens each about 3 inches long and each taken from the stomach of a halibut, one at Killisnoo,
July 26, the other somewhere in Southeast Alaska, locality not definitely recorded. These specimens
indicate that Ceratocottus lucasi Jordan and Gilbert is the young of C. diceraus.
B. B. F. 1906—20 :
306 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
127. Cottus asper Richardson. Prickly Bullhead.
Two specimens, 4 and 4.5 inches long, seined in upper stream of Deep Bay at Loring; 1 specimen,
4.3 inches long, at Loring; 3 specimens, 5.5 to 6.5 inches long, taken on hook and line in Naha River
at Loring; 1 specimen, 5.5 inches long, seined in Hunter Bay; 2 specimens, each about 3.25 inches long,
taken on hook and line near the Fortmann hatchery; 2 specimens (no. 3031 and 3032), 6.25 and 7 inches
long, from Hunter Bay, taken on hook and line.
Thirty-five specimens, 1.75 to 7.5 inches long, collected in McDonald Lake, September 26, 1905.
These are variously rough and smooth on the sides. The size does not seem to make any difference
in the roughness, it being present or absent in all sizes. The black spot on the posterior part of dorsal
disappears in the larger examples.
Seventeen specimens, 3 to 6 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake, August 24, 1905; agree with
the preceding in regard to roughness.
Six specimens, 4 to 6.75 inches long, collected in fyke net in McDonald Lake, July 29, 1905.
These specimens are smooth, except for a small area under pectoral, which is slightly rough.
Twelve specimens, 3.5 to 5 inches long, seined in McDonald Lake on August 22, 1905. The stomach
contents were chiefly snails and parasitic worms. These specimens vary greatly in roughness of body,
some having only a slight rough place under pectoral, others of the same size and of different sizes having
the entire side of body more or less rough; all have a very distinct black blotch as large or larger than
eye on posterior base of spinous dorsal; the fins are otherwise unmarked.
In addition to the above there were secured from Yes Bay and McDonald Lake 26 specimens varying
from 2 to 5 inches, and 18 specimens from 2 to 6.5 inches from Loring and vicinity; two of the latter taken
in Steelhead Creek, June 19, 1904, were full of nearly ripe eggs.
This species is common in fresh-water streams and lakes about Loring, and at the Fortmann hatchery
might be seen any day in the clear waters of the stream or lake. It is reputed to be very destructive
to salmon eggs. :
Following the suggestion of Mr. J. O. Snyder (in ‘‘ Notes on the Fishes of the Streams flowing into
San Francisco Bay, California,’? Appendix to the Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secre-
tary of Commerce and Labor for the year ending June 30, 1904) that C. asper, dorsal rays 19 to 22, anal
16 to 18, may be separated from C. gulosus dorsal rays 17 or 18, anal 12 to 14, by the greater number of
dorsal and anal rays in the former, and also that C. asper is confined largely to the lower courses of streams,
while C. gulosus is found farther up where the water is clear and the current rapid, we identify our speci-
mens as C. asper. They were all taken in or near tide water, and the following table of fin counts places
them with C. asper: ;
Locality. No. | Dorsal. Anal. Palatine teeth. | Length.
Inches
Oring es {oe nee ee eee ne eee ene eee 1 VIII, 21 | Present:2 22 3-25 - 6.5
DO se ee oe eee sete ee 2 Ix, 20 Tia eee GOSe ee seen ono
WOE Roseh ee eee ie aie ee ae ome re eee 3 VIII, 21 zie eae Goze ess 6.0
DOSS Bo eat ee ley Sag a SA eee ae 4 1Bc5 AY ie. eee dos eee ase 4.25
Naa Rivers: S22. tek hee eee ee ee eee 5 EAI Alone GOS sateen 3.0
DY ee sets tars aro Ae oe ee Rae ea 6 GAA IA epee Goeth iw eae 3.5
. | . Anal
Locality. | No. Dorsal. Anal. Palatine teeth. length Vent.
Hunter (Bayo. se ete one | i vil 21 16;)| UP reseniteic se soeccr 3.0 | Posterior.
IDO: eee ee eee 3032 Lex 22 Gy eee (5 KO epee nn eee eis 3:2 Do.
WO: Alt a eee 3031 IX (+), 22 We see GO Anse ces ay il Do.
Loring, Deep Bay...... 8 vill, 204 (a eee GORE se oe thea 3.0 Do.
DOs S22: Ses ee ee 9 | VIII, 21 Ga Ere (OKO ye merece eae eae 2.9 | Nearly median.
Length of anal base usually about equal to head, sometimes, as in last example, somewhat longer.
128. Cottus gulosus (Girard).
Specimens of this species were secured only at Loring and Boca de Quadra. ‘They were 16 in number
and measured 1 to 4 inches in length. Many of the larger ones taken at Loring, May 29, 1904, were full
of nearly ripe eggs.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 307
This species is doubtless common throughout Alaska, but being found further up the streams away
from brackish water and in places not usually visited by collectors, it has not been taken abundantly
or recorded from many places.
129. Cottus cognatus Richardson. Great Bear Lake Bullhead.
One of the most interesting results of the side trip made to the headwaters of the Yukon was the
securing of a fine series of specimens of Cottus cognatus. Until now the type of this species had remained
unique, no additional specimens having come into any museum or having been collected by any natur-
alist so far as we are informed.
At Lake Bennett, July 19-21, 1903, 45 specimens were collected. They were obtained by the use of
the seine at various places along the shore, chiefly toward the head of the lake above the railroad station
and near the crossing of the Yukon and White Pass Railroad. These specimens range in length from
1.2 to 3s inches. Although the original description is very brief there is no doubt in our mind as to the
identification. Following is a detailed description:
Head 3.66 to 4.1 in length; depth 5.13 to 6.2; eye 3.8 to 4.66 in head; snout 3.6 to 4; maxillary
2.25 to 2.5; mandible about 2; interorbital width 5.25 to 6; dorsal usually vim-17 (vu1-15, vi-16,
1x-15, 1x-17, and 1x—18 indicate the range of variation); longest dorsal spine about 3 in head; longest
dorsal ray 1.75 to 2; anal usually 11 or 12, varying from 10 to 13; longest anal ray about 1.75; pectoral
13 or 14, its longest rays (14 or 15) 3.87 to 4.2 in head, lowermost 7 or 8 rays thick, but not branched;
ventral 1, 3, the length 5.5 to 6 in head; caudal lobes about 5.
Body rather heavy forward, tapering gradually to the rather slender caudal peduncle; head moderate,
evenly rounded above, interorbital space narrow, slightly concave; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique,
maxillary reaching middle of pupil, lower jaw slightly included; branchiostegal rays 6; gill-membranes
separate, joined to the isthmus; villiform teeth on jaws and a small patch on the vomer; caudal peduncle
slender, its least width about 2-in its least depth; head entirely smooth; preopercle with a single spine
at the angle projecting backward and upward, chiefly concealed by skin; lower edge of preopercle with
one rather distinct broad spine projecting downward and forward, in front of which is another poorly
defined spine or blunt point; opercle without spine; no other spines or filaments about head; body
entirely smooth except a patch of small roughish scales under the pectoral; fins well developed, spinous
and soft dorsal barely connected; caudal truncate or slightly rounded; pectoral broad at base, the tip
reaching past beginning of anal; ventrals scarcely reaching vent; vent usually somewhat nearer tip of
snout than base of caudal; there is, however, some slight variation in this character; in one specimen,
apparently a female, it is equally distant from tip of snout and base of caudal.
A specimen 3% inches long was, in life, dark olive, much mottled; trace of about 6 dark saddles
less distinct than in most specimens; first dorsal blackish olive with a narrow orange edge, the fin mesially
darker; second dorsal dusky olive and translucent, the olive in irregular blotches; caudal with 4 or 5
vague bars of darker olive; ventrals and anal uncolored; pectoral brown with 4 narrow irregular dark
bars, the coloration more olive and more uniform than usual; a patch of light colored, rather coarse
prickles behind axil; belly silvery; lower jaw greenish, faintly barred with 5 black dots.
There are two patterns of coloration, probably representing the two sexes, a darker and a lighter
phase. The darker phase may be described as follows: Sides and top of head, anterior portion of body,
the beginning of soit dorsal, and sides of body along base of soft dorsal and upper part of caudal peduncle,
dark or blackish, more or less vermiculated with lighter; base of caudal fin with a large Y-shaped black
area; tip of lower jaw dark; under side of head and entire lower parts of body yellowish white, profusely
covered with numerous minute black or brownish punctulations; spinous dorsal black, white at the
tip; soft dorsal vermiculated with dark and light, the distal half lighter; anal yellowish-white with fine
dark punctulations; caudal dirty white, with fine dark punctulations and evidence of faint darker
cross-bars; pectoral dark on basal two-thirds, lighter at the tip, with rather distinct vertical cross-bars
of dark and light; ventrals yellowish-white, somewhat punctate with dark.
A specimen of the lighter phase may be described as follows: Head and upper parts of body
brownish white, blotched with darker; occipital region dark; back with about 6 dark or brownish saddles,
distributed as follows: The first, which is very small, at beginning of spinous dorsal, the second under
last dorsal spines, the third under third to sixth dorsal rays, the fourth under eighth to tenth dorsal rays,
the fifth under the last dorsal rays but one, and the sixth on base of caudal fin; the third and fifth
308 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
plainest and extending below the lateral line; entire under parts yellowish-white with very fine dark
punctulations; fins essentially as in the darker form.
Cottus cognatus Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 111, 40, 1836, Great Bear Lake. Gunther, Cat., 11, 157,1860. Jordan
& Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Amer., pt. i1, 1954, 1898.
130. Cottus aleuticus Gilbert.
Ninety-nine specimens 3 to 4 inches long collected by Mr. Rutter in Lake Karluk during the summer
of 1903.
Head 3.75 to 3.85 in length; eye 5 in head; dorsal 1x, 19; anal 12 or 13; pectoral 15.
The collection contains also 3 specimens 4 to 4.5 inches long from a small stream at the head of the
flume at the Loring cannery, July 26; 4 specimens 2.75 to 3.25 inches long from the stream at the Fort-
mann hatchery, July 7, taken on hook and line; and 2 specimens 2.75 to 3.75 inches long from Steelhead
Creek near Loring, May 8. -
Fig. 65.—Cottus aleuticus Gilbert.
The Karluk specimens show quite a different color pattern from those taken at Loring, the body
being much darker and plainer, with very little vermiculation or marbling; the fins sometimes marbled
with dark; the spinous dorsal sometimes plain with very small dark punctulations, or the upper half
of fin black, edged with white, these punctulations sometimes found on soft dorsal and anal. Many of
these specimens have tubercles on ventral and pectoral fins, those on the ventrals sometimes arranged in
patches.
The lateral line is not always complete, does not drop abruptly at end of soft dorsal, but ends there
in some specimens, generally those with plain soft dorsal.
This species has been recorded by Bean (1882) as Uranidia microstoma, from Indian River, Sitka;
St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Aleutian Islands; Iliuliuk, Unalaska. Gilbert (1895) from Tliuliuk, Unalaska.
Rutter (1899), Karluk River and Lake and in Alitak Lake. Nelson (1887), mouth of Tanana River.
131. Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 3 in body; depth 4.3; eye 3.75 in head; snout 3.9; maxillary 2.5; interorbital space 5 in eye;
dorsal 1x-16, longest spine 3.3 in head, the longest ray 2.3; anal 11, longest ray 2 in head; pectoral 14,
the length equal to that of head; ventral 1, 4, the length 1.6 in head; branchiostegals 6.
Body fusiform, tapering rather rapidly from the heavy head to the long slender caudal peduncle,
the body usually considerably constricted at the vertical connecting origins of anal and soft dorsal;
head rather large; snout short; mouth moderate, low, nearly horizontal, the maxillary scarcely reaching
front of pupil; a small patch of teeth on vomer, palatines naked; eyes large, high up and close together;
interorbital space very narrow; anterior nostril in a very distinct tube; posterior nostril in an evident
tube, which is shorter than that of the anterior; head entirely smooth, without cirri or spines except
those on opercular bones; preopercle with one simple sharp spine at the angle, projecting backward
and curved upward somewhat; edge of preopercle below this smooth or merely crenulate; opercle ending
in a soft flap, subopercle with a rather distinct blunt spine projecting downward; body entirely smooth,
except a small patch of asperities under the pectoral; lateral line complete or nearly so. Fins moderate;
interval between spinous and soft dorsal short, but distinct; origin of spinous dorsal posterior to base
of pectoral a distance equal to one-third diameter of eye; origin of anal slightly posterior to that of soft
dorsal: caudal slightly rounded; pectoral long, reaching origin of anal; ventrals short, not reaching vent.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, 309
Color in alcohol: Upper parts dark, mottled with darker irregular blotches and lighter areas; about 4
distinct dark vertical blotches, one under spinous dorsal, 2 under soft dorsal and 1 on caudal peduncle;
under parts yellowish-white, profusely covered with minute brown punctulations; spinous dorsal dusky,
each ray with 1 or 2 black spots, the eighth spine almost entirely black, edge of fin creamy white; soft
dorsal dusky, with numerous irregular black blotches, the edge somewhat creamy; anal pale, punctate
with dark; caudal yellowish-white, crossed by 4 or 5 irregular, dark, vertical bars; pectoral similar to
soft dorsal; ventrals white. The numerous specimens examined show but little variation, as may be
seen from an examination of the following table:
2H, Fie. 66.—Cottus chamberlaini Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
VARIATION IN THE TYPE AND COoTYPES OF COTTUS CHAMBERLAINI.
Dorsal fin.
Length --)_ | Inter- Long- Anal
es in Head. | Depth.| Eye. | Snout. aca orbital est ees for-
~~~ _-| inches. Y- lin eye. | Formula. | spine ray in mula
a head.
head.
119 2.9 32 4.3 3.05 3.9 2.5 5.0 PG 35: Des 11
120 2.9 3.0 Gell Sa 3.8 2.5 4.8 Vul, 16 3.3 2.3 12
121 2.2 3.1 4.6 3.1 4.8 2.9 4.5 11D. GAL aL eer | ea Meat 12
122 2.37 3.1 4.5 3.5 4.0 2.5 5.0 SAT. iL pes le eertvacs Sill rasa che te 12
123 2. 63 3.2 4.5 3.2 4.0 2.0 4.5 SVs Tlnetl Giiae | eee ye [Ie eens 2 11
124 2. 25 3.2. 4.75 3: 20 4.25 2.6 4.5 Vel Te iG ie ets a Oe eA 12
125 2.0 Bil 4.5 3.2 3.1 Pye 4.5 5 0.8 Fe ge 11
126 2. 25 3.0 4.8 3.5 4.0 255 4,4 Vilbliped Eee omer lena eae ila
127 1.75 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.0 3.0 5.0 ava ol Gaels oe ose eee se 11
128 2.75 3.2 5.0 3.0 4.75 | 2.3 5.0 MALE UR) ee enero eae a= 11
a@No.119, type; nos. 120-128, cotypes.
This species seems to be related to Cottus beldingi and to Cottus spilotus. From the former it may be
distinguished by the much larger eye, the narrower interorbital, the blunter head, the fewer anal rays,
and the coloration; from Cottus spilotus it would seem to differ in the shorter anal, the more complete
lateral line, in coloration and in other respects.
The collection contains 217 specimens, which we refer to this species. They vary in length from less
than 1 inch to 2.9 inches. The collector’s label, which should have accompanied these specimens,
has been lost, but it is certain that they came from fresh water at Loring, Alaska, and that they were
collected by Mr. F. M. Chamberlain in 1903.
- Type no. 57823, U. S. National Museum, a specimen (no. 119) 2.9 inches long, probably from Loring,
Alaska; cotypes, several specimens no. 61052,U. S. National Museum; no. 5230, Bureau of Fisheries; no-
20011, Stanford Univ. Mus. |
We take pleasure in naming thisspecies for our friend and associate, Mr. Fred. M. Chamberlain,
naturalist of the steamer Albatross, who collected the type.
310 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
132. Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas). Great Sculpin.
The collection contains 25 specimens, from 1.75 to 13 inches long; collected in 1903, at the following
places: Marrowstone Point; Cleveland Passage; stations 4270 and 4272, Litnik Bay; Karluk; Admiralty
Head; Metlakatla; Funter Bay; Point Ellis; Port Alexander; Snug Harbor, and Yakutat. The
species was seen also at Dundas, Pablof, Sitkoh, and Uyak bays.
These specimens show that there is considerable variation in therelative distances between the
supraocular spines themselves and the occipital spines. The distance seems to be relatively greater
in the young examples than in the older ones.
In the larger specimens the general color is much darker than in the smaller ones, the light colors,
especially posteriorly, fading into darker; belly and ventral fins distinctly mottled and spotted. In all
the smaller examples the belly is pale and there are 3 very distinct dark bars across the body; the first
under the sixth to eighth dorsal spines, extending slightly forward and downward across base of pectoral;
the second under soit dorsal, beginning under the third ray, and extending under nearly full length of
fin and downward nearly to anal, this bar more or less broken at its center and sometimes divided, form-
ing 2 bars, which may be called second and third, 1 over anterior, the other over posterior part of soft
dorsal; the last bar (fourth when the second is divided, otherwise third) covering posterior part of
caudal peduncle.
- Fig. 67.—Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas).
Mr. Rutter secured at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903, 18 very small specimens one-half to 1 inch long
and 3 specimens 3.75 to 6 incheslong. The 6-inch specimen had in its stomach 4 Blennicottus acuticeps,
each 1.75 inches long and 1 Pholis ornatus 4 inches long. They were very little digested, the Pholis-
ornatus scarcely at all.
Another specimen (no. 2178), 20.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Kodiak Island in Uganuk
Bay, 1897, differs from current description in that the pectoral does not reach the anal by a distance
equal to length of second dorsal spine, and the preopercular spine is not longer but slightly shorter than
diameter of eye.
The collection contains 24 additional specimens collected by the Albatross at dates other than 1903.
These vary from 2.75 to 18.5 inches in length, and were taken at Sucia Island; Promise Island; Mary
Island; Nichols Bay; Hunters Bay; Niblacks Anchorage; Sitka; Litnik Bay; Uganuk Bay; Kyska Island,
and Atka Island. Four small specimens were collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island in 1906.
This species was originally described from the Aleutian Islands by Pallas (1811). Bean (1880) records
it from Unalaska, and (1882) from Wrangell; Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Refuge Cove, Cook
Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor, Pirate Cove and Popof Island, Shumagins; Iliuliuk
and Chernofski, Unalaska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Port Moller and Cape Lisburne; also (1884)
from Mary Island; Makushin Bay; Unalaska Harbor; near mouth of Unalaska River; Shaw Bay, Unimak
Island; and Herendeen Bay. Gilbert (1895) records it from a number of stations in Bristol Bay. Turner
(1886) records it from the Aleutian islands: Scofield (1899) from Chignik Bay; Rutter (1898) from
Karluk, and Nelson (1886) from Unalaska. ‘
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. _ 311
133. Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Two specimens, 1] and 9.5 inches, respectively, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 21,
1901. The following description-is taken from the larger example:
Head 2.5 in length; depth 6.2; eye 6.5 in head; snout 3.75; maxillary 2.1; mandible 2.1; inter-
orbital equal to eye; dorsal vu, 15; anal 14; pectoral 18; caudal with 9 forked rays; ventral 1, 3; lateral
line about 46.
Body elongate, somewhat depressed anteriorly, terete posteriorly; caudal peduncle stout and short,
flattish above and below; head long, its profile nearly straight, a depression between eyes and the sharp
high nasal spines, a very prominent rounded projection between the latter, into which the premaxillary
projects, the outline from this projection to snout straight and steep; snout somewhat acute; mouth large,
gape extending to below middle of pupil; maxillary extending a distance equal to pupil beyond posterior
margin or orbit, its breadth 1.3 in eye, its edge slipping somewhat under the preorbital and its body asa
whole fitting into a depression in the cheek so that its surface is on a level with the cheek, thus matching
the rest of the cheek in surface and color; maxillary inconspicuous; upper lip a broad, high fold, lying
well back over the anterior edge of maxillary; teeth small, sharp, in broad villiform bands in jaws, the
inner rows somewhat larger, sharper, these depressible and pointing backward; band of teeth in upper
jaw interrupted by a narrow mesial fold; teeth on vomer in a rather large V-shaped patch, the teeth
larger than those of jaws; palatines toothless; tongue large, bluntly round.
Anterior nostril in front of eye and considerably below nasal spine, posterior nostril a prominent tube
above and behind anterior nostril and midway between nasal spine and eye; interorbital space rather
broad, concave, continuous with the somewhat broader
and flatter occipital space; nasal spines high and sharp,
supraoccipital ridges high, terminating posteriorly in a
rather blunt conical postocular spine, this with a smaller
tubercle in front, several short ridge-lke tubercles be-
hind them; parietal ridges prominent converging pos-
teriorly, terminating in rather sharp backwardly pro-
jecting spines, on the outer side of this ridge a concave
depression bounded bya broken elevated ridge; subor-
bital stay prominent, slender, long, striate, extending
from beneath eye nearly to root of upper preopercular
spine; preopercular spines 3, the upper much the
longer, about’ equal to eye, pointing backward and _ Fie.68.—Myoxocephalus jaok (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
shightly upward, covered with skin nearly to the tip;
second spine conical, acute, not half as long as upper, pointing backward and somewhat outward;
lower spine stout, short, pointing downward and forward; opercular spine short, stout, and sharp,
terminating a long high ridge, which extends anteriorly almost to base of opercle, preopercular flap
extending some distance beyond the spine; scapular spine short, sharp, and stout, terminating a high
ridge, at the base of which is a small tubercle; gills with a long slit behind the last.
Origin of spinous dorsal on a vertical with tip of scapular spine, the base 2.3 in head, the third spine
longest, 3.6 in head, the membrane reaching nearly to the tips of the spines behind, somewhat scalloped
between them, the margin of the fin straight, descending regularly from the third to eighth, which is
very short and without free margin; space between spinous and soft dorsals 2 in eye, base of soft dorsal
1.5 in head, its rays about equal, except a few of the last, the longest rays 3.1 in head, none of the rays
projecting beyond membrane; contour of fin somewhat rounded in front, upper margin straight; anal
similar to soft dorsal, its origin under base of third dorsal ray, its base 2.1 in head, its median rays about
3.75 in head; caudal truncate, tips of the rays slightly projecting; pectoral broad, rounded, the rays
stout and simple, the lower somewhat stouter and much shorter, acute, somewhat free at tips, the broad
procurrent base well covered by the gill-membranes, length of fin 1.75 in head, its tip scarcely reach-
ing vent; ventrals 3.1 in head, narrow, inner rays longest, tips reaching half way to vent.
Body naked, a row of stellate disks above and quite near to lateral line, an irregular patch of similar
but smaller disks in axillary region, extending backward in a single row, but becoming mere sharp
prickles posteriorly; top and sides of head covered as far back as base of dorsal with small warty promi-
nences, those in occipital region depressed and crater-like at the top, those in the latero-occipital pits
rounded; no cirri.
312 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES,
General color in alcohol: Above brownish olivaceous, irregularly blotched and speckled with black,
especially above the pectoral, belly white; head conspicuously speckled with black dots, especially
on cheeks and interorbital; occiput dark, upper lip blackish, edge of lower lip black; pectoral irregu-
larly mottled with black, the black spots tending to arrange themselves in crossbands; dorsals faintly
mottled with dusky; caudal with 2 irregular faint cloudy bars; ventral with 3 black blotches, the ante-
rior somewhat more distinct, these blotches tending to form 3 faint bars; ventrals pale; peritoneum
silvery.
Another specimen, 15 inches long, from Albatross station 3250, Bering Sea, June 13, 1890, had the
under part of the pectoral rays covered with sharp tubercles.
No. 2408, a specimen 9 inches long, collected in Unalaska, July 2, 1900, while agreeing in general
appearance with typical jaok, differs in having the supraoccipital tubercle elongated into a rather long,
sharp ridge more or less rough on the edges and inclined to be broken up into a series of tubercles. This
tubercle is apparently quite variable, as in another specimen the left tubercle is preceded by a smaller
one.
Previously recorded by Bean (1882), as Cottws humilis, from Chamisso Island, Eschscholtz Bay. Gil-
bert (1895), St. Michael and Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean. Townsend (1887), Nushagak River; stations
3290, 3228 to 3230, 3233, 3244 to 3245, 3248 and 3250, all in Bristol Bay; Cape Prince of Wales. Nelson
(1887), as Cottus teniopterus, St. Michael. Nelson (1887), as Cottus humilis, St. Michael. Turner (1886),
as C. humilis, St. Michael. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence and Grantley Harbor.
This species reaches a length of 18 inches and occurs in shallow water everywhere about Bering Sea,
extending into the Arctic and south to the Amur River and Unalaska.
S
Fig. 69.—Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean).
134. Myoxocephalus verrucosus (Bean).
One example, 15 inches long, seined at Litnik Bay August 3, and another of same size collected by
Luttrell at Sitka. This species was previously recorded from Unalaska and Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893),
and Kings Island, Port Clarence, and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896). One specimen from Litnik
Bay has the following characters:
Head 2.33 in length; depth 4.16; eye 6.4 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.20; mandible 2.16;
interorbital 1.1 in eye; dorsal x—-16; anal 13; pectoral 18; branchiostegals 6.
Body stout, tapering to stout caudal peduncle; both dorsal and ventral contours nearly straight;
head large, flattened above, but not so manifestly depressed and widened as in many cottoids; mouth
horizontal, rather large, the maxillary extending to posterior margin of pupil; mouth cavity large,
somewhat dusky; armature of head poorly developed, the spines (nasals, postoculars, occipital and
preopercular) short and blunt; short nasal tubes developed; top of head very warty; no filaments any-
where; supraorbital and occipital filaments not present; dorsals not closely connected.
General color darker than in description; the large white spots on belly are also found on pectoral
and ventrals; the anal has white bars instead of spots; on the under side of some of the pectoral rays
is a series of stiff tubercles, these also found on upper side of ventrals.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. | . alo
135. Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill).
Nelson (1887), St. Michael, as Cottus axillaris. Scofield (1899), Port Clarence; Chignik and Heren-
deen bays. Not seen by us.
Fig. 70.—Myoxocephalus axillaris (Gill).
136. Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius.
We have 3 specimens, 10.5 and 5.25 inches long, from Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June 20, 1900,
and one 10 inches long from Unalaska, July 2, 1900. Recorded from Point Barrow by Murdoch (1885)
as Cottus decastrensis.
Fig. 71.—Myoxocephalus stelleri Tilesius.
137. Myoxocephalus niger (Bean).
We have in our collections 4 specimens 2 to 6 inches long taken by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul
Island, Pribilof Group, July, 1906. Originally described by Bean (1882) from St. Paul Island, Bering
Fig. 72.—Myoxocephalus niger (Bean).
Sea, and recorded by him from Sanborn, Shumagins; also recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887 as
Cottus niger); and from the Pribilof Islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
314 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. -
138. Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas).
No. 2401, a female specimen 18 inches long, with minute eggs, collected at Tareinski Harbor,
Kamchatka, June 21, 1900. This specimen appears to be M. platycephalus, though differing in some
respects from current descriptions.
Head 3 in length; depth 5; eye 6.2 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2; mandible 1.6; interorbital 3.3;
dorsal 1x-14; anal 12; pectoral 16; caudal 11, 8 of them forked; ventral 3; lateral line 36.
Body depressed anteriorly, subterete posteriorly, dorsal outline nearly straight and horizontal from
tip of snout to tip of spinous dorsal when depressed, thence gradually sloping to base of caudal; ventral
outline sloping rapidly upward from tip of lower jaw’to gill-slits, from thence nearly straight; lower
jaw long and projecting, cleft of mouth nearly vertical; contour viewed from above, coffin-shaped, or
long kite-shaped, widening rapidly from the tip of the truncate lower jaw to the preopercular spines
where it is broadest, from thence tapering gradually to the stoutish caudal peduncle.
Head short, broad, and flat; a large flat, sunken hexagonal area extending from the nasal spines
to the occiput, bounded on the sides by the high diverging supraocular and converging parietal ridges;
the postocular tubercle high, large and blunt, pointing inward; occipital tubercle prominent, pear-
shaped, pointing backward, ending in a stout sharp spine; preopercular spines covered with skin,
upper longer than eye, curved upward and inward, second about half as long as first, third spine promi-
nent but blunt, fourth strong, pointing downward and forward; suborbital stay narrow, striate and
curved, upper opercular spine short, sharp, stout, almost concealed, pointing backward and downward
at the end of a high ridge, the round flap reaching considerably beyond the spine; 2 prominent tubercles
Fic. 73.—Megalocottus platycephalus (Pallas).
at top of gill-slit, these sometimes spinous, and one or more stout suprascapular spines; a strong humeral
spine; teeth in strong villiform bands in jaw, a large patch on vomer, none on palatines; tongue large,
rounded and prominent; a well-developed symphesial knob; maxillary extending to posterior margin
of pupil; a deep cleft behind last gill, shit minute. Spinous dorsal beginning a distance about equal
to snout behind tip of gill-flap, its base 1.5 in head, its fourth spine longest, 2.5 in head, its margin
-rounded, distance between it and soft dorsal equal to eye, latter high, largest ray 1.5 in head, its base
1.1 in head, its margin rounded, somewhat acute behind, the last rays somewhat produced; caudal
truncate, 1.5 in head; origin of anal below fourth dorsal ray, base 1.3 in head, rays stout, margin some-
what emarginate (scalloped), longest rays about 2.1 in head; pectoral very broad, the lowest rays short
and stout, membrane between them deeply incised, general outline rounded, upper ray short, base
procurrent along the edge of gill opening, length slightly longer than head, tip barely reaching origin —
of anal; ventrals acute, outer ray stout, inner produced, length 1.2 in head, tips not reaching vent by
a distance greater than snout; skin naked; top of head warty, sides naked, no flaps anywhere; a row
of prominent prickly tubercles between lateral line and dorsal; a few irregular small tubercles in a
row beneath lateral line posteriorly.
Color in alcohol: Above uniform brown, sides below olivaceous, belly white; lower lip and chin
uniform black; membranes of upper lip dusky, lower side of lower lip white, the exposed portion all
black; isthmus and edge of gill-cavity dusky; vertical fins irregularly mottled and blotched white
and brown; inside of pectoral marked with broad brown and narrower white crossbars, outside similarly
marked but notso distinctly; ventral with 2 or 3 irregular brown crossbars with narrow white interspaces;
peritoneum white.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, o15
These characters are probably sexual or are explained by the large size of this specimen.
The collection contains also no. 2394 and 137, 8.5 and 7.5 inches long, collected at Petropaulski,
1900; no. 2404, a specimen 9.5 inches long, no locality, probably off Kamchatka.
Fig. 74.—Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert).
139. Megalocottus laticeps (Gilbert).
Described originally (Gilbert 1895) from Nushagak River and Herendeen Bay. Recorded (a;
Cottus teniopterus) by Bean (1882) from Point Belcher, Arctic Ocean; Hagmeister Island, Bering Seas
and St. Michael. Turner (1886), Norton Sound, and Scofield (1899}, Port Clarence. No specimens
obtained by us.
Fig. 75.—Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert).
140. Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert).
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus profundorum from station 3329, north of
Unalaska.
316 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
141. Thecopterus aleuticus Smith.
Described from Albatross station 3785, in Bering Sea, 150 miles north of Rat Islands, at a depth of
270 fathoms. Only the type known.
Fic. 76.—Thecopterus aleuticus Smith. Type.
142. Dasycottus setiger Bean.
One specimen 3.25 inches long, collected by the Albatross at station 3602, Bering Sea;-36 specimens
irom 1.2 to 8 inches in length from stations 4223 in 48 fathoms; 4237 in 194 fathoms; 4248 in 71 fathoms;
4250 in 66 fathoms; 4254 in 45 fathoms; 4275 in 35 fathoms; 4280 in 32 fathoms; 4281 in 42 fathoms; 4286
in 57 iathoms; 4287 in 66 fathoms; 4288 in 67 fathoms; 4290 in 99 fathoms; 4295 in 92 fathoms; 4296 :
in 30 fathoms. Besides the above, specimens were seen at stations 4191, 4220, and 4298.
Fig. 77.—Dasycottus setiger Bean.
In the young (1 inch) the eye is round, not elongate; spines on head not so prominent, color darker.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2855, off Sitkalidak Island. Recorded
from stations 3216, 3257, 3310, 3311, and 3324, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula and north of
Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895), and off Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
143. Malacocottus zonurus Bean.
The collection contains the following specimens of this species: 4 from station 4253, 1 from station
4232, 3 irom station 4230, 1 from station 4198, and 1 from station 4292. Others were seen at St. Mary’s
Mission, mouth of Oat Bay, at Boca de Quadra, and at Kasaan Bay. These specimens range in length
——— — ———
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. ale
from 2.75 to 7.5 inches, and agree well with current descriptions. The key in Fishes of North and
Middle America, however, is defective, in that it would require this genus to have the gill-membranes
free from the isthmus, which, of course, is not the case.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2853, off Trinity Islands. Recorded
by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3227, 3330, and 3331, north of Unalaska, and from stations 3337 and 3339,
south of Unima Pass.
144. Porocottus sellaris (Gilbert).
Described by Gilbert (1895) as Acanthocottus sellaris, from stations 3229 to 3234, 3244, 3247, and
3300, all in Bristol Bay. ©
145. Porocottus quadrifilis Gill.
Recorded from St. Michael and Kegiktowik (Nelson 1887).
146. Porocottus bradfordi Rutter.
The collection contains 27 specimens collected at Karluk Beach, June 8-10, 1903, and no. 2223, also
from Karluk, 1903.
Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk.
147. Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnzus).
Recorded from Point Barrow and Meade River (Murdoch 1885), and St. Michael (Nelson 1887), as
Cottus quadricornis.
Fig. 78.—Oncocottus quadricornis (Linnzus).
148. Oncocottus hexacornis (Richardson). (Pl. xvu, fig. 2.)
Recorded from Herschel Island and Grantley Harbor (Scofield 1896).
We have 3 specimens which we provisionally identify with this species: no. 90, 91, and 92, 8 to 9
inches long, collected by Dr. Gilbert from a salmon trap at Graveyard Point, Kvichak River, near
Koggiung, July 16, 1903.
Head 3.16 in length; depth 5.75; eye 6.8 in head; snout 4.75; maxillary 2; mandible 1.9; inter-
orbital 6; dorsal vi1—14; anal 14; ventral 1, 3; pectoral 17; branchiostegals 6.
~ We have also a specimen 2 feet long, no. 2179, collected by the Albatross in Uganik Bay, Kodiak
Island. As it differs somewhat from the above and from current descriptions of the species, we give a
full description of it:
Head 2.75 inlength; depth 5.25; eye (orbit) 8.55 in head (orbital rim 6.2); snout 3.3; maxillary 1.66;
mandible 2; interorbital broader than length of orbit but not equal to orbital cavity, 2in snout; dorsal
tx-14; anal 13; pectoral 19; ventral 1,3; caudal 9 forked rays; branchiostegals 6.
- Body elongate; ventral outline straight; dorsal outline from tip of snout to end of spinous dorsal
gently arched and slightly bulging, from there to base of caudal straight, the head, however, slightly
depressed; posterior part of body somewhat compressed; caudal peduncle rather long but stout, its
length 1.1 in snout, its depth about half its length.
Head large and broad, the snout rather blunt, its anterior profile a straight slope from the prominent
tubercle of the premaxillary pedicel; mouth wide and capacious, the gape extending to below pupil, the
318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
maxillary to posterior margin of orbit rather narrow, its width at end about 1.5 in orbit; mouth oblique,
the upper edge of premaxillary below level of lower margin of orbit; teeth in jaws in broad villiform
bands, the band oi lower jaw a trifle broader behind, that in upper jaw widening in front, terminating on
each side of the symphysis as a rounded lobe, a narrow mesial toothless ridge in each jaw; teeth of both
jaws immovable, pointing inward; vomer witha broad V-shaped band of teeth, the arms of the V rounded;
no teeth on palatines; lower jaw included, its band of teeth shutting inside those of the upper jaw;
premaxillary separated from maxillary by a deep furrow; upper lip a narrow continuous ridge, followed
by a high ridge of skin, which usually lies back toward the maxillary; lower lip a high thin fold at the
sides, growing thicker in front and interrupted mesially by a broad frenum; a rather prominent, rounded
knob at symphysis of lower jaw.
Gill-membrane forming a rather thick but shallow fold across the isthmus; gills 4, the slit behind
the fourth represented by a very small pore on the left side, on the right no opening evident; gillrakers
represented by broad, low, rounded tubercles, which are very hispid and rough to the touch, like
shagreen; head with a few spines and various ridges; nasal spines short, stout, sharp, pointing backward,
the distance between them about two-thirds orbit; supraocular ridge beginning as a large raised area in
front of eye, continued backward as a blunt high ridge, widening posteriorly and terminating in a rather
high rough postocular tubercle which ends abruptly; at the base of this, two diverging short
ridges between which rise the prominent supraoccipital ridges, these converging backward to the base
of the occiput, where each ends in a raised elongate very rough tubercle much like those behind the eye;
a broad, diverging, smooth, blade-shaped ridge extending from the supraoccipital tubercles nearly to
upper angle of gill-slit, and from the posterior end of this ridge, rising at a sudden angle, a posteriorly
projecting ridge which ends in the stout, short, scapular spine; a long low ridge below the eye, and another
back and behind eye, pointing downward; suborbital stay prominent, running backward nearly to the
base of the upper preopercular spine; a high broken ethmoidal ridge running across upper part of cheek,
extending irom behind eye toward top of gill-slit, and a prominent ridge irom a break in its center
toward the base of the upper preopercular spine.
Preopercular spines 4, the upper stout, about as long as orbit, straight, pointing outward and back-
ward, covered nearly to the tip with skin, which is warty or rough papillose at its base; second spine
not quite half so long, pointing downward and outward; third spine a prominent tubercle; fourth;
stout, sharp, pointing downward and forward, rather remote from the others; opercular spine short and
sharp, nearly covered with skin, terminating a long, prominent, striate, rather curved ridge, which is
parallel with the upper edge of the opercular flap; opercular flap long, rather thin, extending upward
and backward and beyond the spine fora distance nearly equal to diameter of orbit.
Spinous dorsal high, its general contour rounded, its membrane roundly scalloped between the
spines, spines long, slender and sharp, the longest (fourth) 3.75 in head, the two spines in front closely
approximated, the others rather remote (distance about one-half orbit), the posterior spines shortest,
origin of dorsal above suprascapular spine; base 2.25 in head, nearly equal to snout and orbit; interval
between spinous and soft dorsal conspicuous, about two-thirds orbit; base of soft dorsal 1.9 in head, its
rays long, stout, conspicuously ringed, none of them branched, a few of the anterior shorter, the contour
of the fin gently rounded in front and behind, the median portion straight, the margin gently scalloped,
the rays not produced, longest rays nearly equal to snout; anal similar in outline to soft dorsal, its
membrane, however, considerably thicker, the rays firmer and stouter, ending in rather stout tips;
origin of anal below fourth anal ray, anal base equal to a distance from tip of snout to posterior margin
of orbit; pectoral very broad, the base procurrent, close to and parallel with the edge of the gill-opening,
nearly all the rays, especially the lower, very thick and stout, almost club-shaped and projecting slightly
as blunt points beyond the membrane, the lowest very short, gradually lengthening to the first from the
uppermost, the uppermost a trifle shorter than second; the three upper rays somewhat slender, displaying
the articulations, the others not; longest ray (second) equal to distance from tip of snout to a little
beyond posterior margin of orbit, the tip of the fin reaching to end of base of first dorsal but not quite
reaching vent; ventral rays and membrane exceedingly thick, the inner ray somewhat the longer, the
fin somewhat acute, the greatest length equal to length of snout, the tips reaching about half-way to
vent from their base; caudal truncate, fan-shaped, the tips of the forked rays extending beyond tips
of membrane as closely approximated points, two near together; peritoneum dusky.
No scales, nearly all of upper part of head as well as tip of maxillary covered with minute wartlike
elevations, the lower part of the cheek and a patch above suborbital stay and backward and downward
Bull.U. S. B. F. 1906.
ENOPHRYS CLAVIGER (CUVIER & VALENCIENNES).
1.
PLATE
XVII.
2, ONCOCOTTUS HEXACORNIS (RICHARDSON),
ws *
v via _ 2
be takn als
ters Ren
4 e
anes
+
y
aes
=
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 319
from the eye smooth; a patch of minute tubercles along each side of suborbital stay; warts on opercle
above opercular ridge minute and collected into patches; below this ridge they are round and flat,
collected somewhat into chainlike bands, small patches of minute tubercles extending backward and
away from each segment of the lateral line, giving it a somewhat feathery appearance; a line of these
small projections terminates the lateral line at the base of the caudal fin; lateral line chainlike, of about
47 jointlike segments.
Color in alcohol dark brown above, much mottled with irregular, small, thickly set white blotches,
this color extending up somewhat on the base of the fin membranes; lower half of side paler, consisting of
a white ground clouded over with minute brown punctulations; ventral surface, including chin and
breast, white; upper lip, maxillary, and membranes of upper jaw slaty blue; dorsal fins irregularly
blotched with patches of white and dark brown, the margin of each fin, particularly the soft dorsal,
inclined to be wholly white; caudal membranes light at base, the rays dark, this dark color broadening
outwardly, making a dark brown band parallel with the edge of the fin, its distal border slightly wavy,
its proximal border deeply incised by sharp patches of white projecting out between the rays, the outer
margin of the fin wholly white; anal white with 3 dark vertical bars about half as wide as eye, these
about equal distances apart, the projecting tips of the rays always white; ventrals pale, mostly cloudy,
crossed with indistinct bars of lighter; pectorals dark brown, a few round small spots of white arranged
roughly in the form of bars; a narrow margin of the fin wholly white, the upper edge of the fin showing
- brown regularly crossed by small white dots.
Specimen described a female containing a few small eggs.
This fish has a close general resemblance to Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. The presence of a
fourth preopercular spine, however, removes it from that genus. The character of the gill slit resembles
that of Myoxocephalus, but the fourth preopercular spine and other minor characters place it better with-
Oncocottus. Our specimen possesses many characters common to both genera, however, and it may be
found that characters which have been considered generic in small individuals disappear in larger
ones. The gill slit, for instance, is present on one side and absent on the other in this specimen.
Fic. 79.—Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas)
149. Gymnocanthus pistilliger (Pallas).
We have in the collection a specimen 5 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, June
21,1900. This species has also been recorded by Bean (1882) from Kyska Harbor and Point Belcher.
Gilbert (1895), Bristol Bay at stations 3230 to 3233, 3237 to 3246, 3289, 3291, 3296, and 3300. Scofield
(1899), Port Clarence.
150. Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean.
Head 3 in length; depth 6; eye 3.6 in head; dorsal x1-16; anal 18; pectoral 19; maxillary 2.4;
interorbital 3.1.
The collection contains 25 specimens 1.5 to 11.5 inches long from the following places: Atka Island,
1894; stations 3598, in Bering Sea, and 3653, off Shana, Iturup Island; Akutan Bay; station 4253,
Stephens Passage, and with hook and line in Shakan Bay. The specimen (no. 2913) from station 4253
is a female with very small eggs.
320 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Originally described by Bean (1882) from Iliuliuk, Unalaska, and also recorded by him from off
Cape Sabine, Arctic Ocean, and from Steamer Bay, Chacan, and Sitka. Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska
Island (Gilbert 1895). Port Clarence ae 1887). Point Barrow (Scofield 1899). St. Paul Island
(Palmer).
Fic. 80.—Gymnocanthus galeatus Bean.
151. Leptocottus armatus Girard.
The collection contains 52 specimens 1.75 to 12 inches long from the following places: Karluk;
Gabriola Island; Union Bay; Marrowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Mink Arm; Yes Bay; Dundas Bay;
Snug Harbor; Yakutat; Hunter Bay; Loring; and Promise Island. Specimens were also seen at Dundas
Bay; Nanaimo; Fort Rupert; Metlakahtla; Boca de Quadra; Karta Bay; Sucia Island; Seattle; and
Alert Bay. A specimen (no. 2792) 8.75 inches long, gives the following data: Head 2.8 in body; depth
4.75; eye 6 in head; interorbital 5.5; maxillary 2.1; dorsal vur-17; anal 19; pectoral 18.
The young are exceedingly mottled, and wey with 2 very small white spots on shoulder which
disappear with age.
Fig. 81.—Leptocottus armatus Girard.
A specimen 1.5 inches long collected at Promise Island, October 3, 1894, is the smallest specimen
we have. It differs somewhat from mature specimens in color, having 3 dark saddle-like crossbars,
the first under anterior part of spinous dorsal; second under anterior part and third under posterior
part of soft dorsal. Mature specimens can usually be readily recognized by the palmate appearance of
the preopercular spines; in successively smaller specimens these gradually become more pinnate.
The species is recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; and St. Paul, Kodiak
Island. Rutter (1899), Karluk.
152. Oligocottus maculosus Girard.
The collection contains 13 specimens from Otter Bay, Pendar Island, 1895; 13 specimens from
Kilisut Harbor, 108 from Marrowstone Point, 88 from Gabriola Island, 54 from Fort Rupert, 15 from
Shakan Bay, and 16 from Point Ellis; no. 2225, a specimen 3 inches long, and 203 specimens collected
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. ant
by Mr. Rutter at Karluk in 1903; 19 specimens collected in 1903 in Naha Bay by Mr. Chamberlain, who
also collected 2 specimens in Yes Bay in 1905.
This species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Alexandrovsk, Cook Inlet; Wrangell; Mary
Island and Tongass (Bean 1884), and Karluk (Rutter 1899).
Fic. 82.—Oligocottus maculosus Girard.
153. Sigmistes caulias Rutter.
Originally described by Rutter (1899) from Karluk.
Fig. 83.—Sigmistes caulias Rutter. Type.
154. Blennicottus acuticeps (Gilbert).
Head 3.75 in length; depth 5; eye 3.9 in head; snout 4; maxillary 2.5; mandible 2; dorsal vim—15;
anal 11; pectoral 13; ventral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6.
Body rather elongate, the dorsal contour arched under the spinous dorsal, tapering behind to a
slender caudal peduncle, the least depth of which equals eye; head rather small, its upper profile
arched; mouth small, horizontal, maxillary reaching to anterior margin of orbit; teeth in viliform
bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; interorbital rather narrow, concave; snout rather sharp and pointed;
nasal spines present, rather strong; one pair of supraorbital and two pairs of occipital cirri, these rather
long; preopercle with only one (the upper) spine present, this covered with skin—when exposed it is
seen to be rather sharp and stout, curved upward; gill-membranes forming a broad fold across isthmus;
no evident slit behind last gill-arch; a rather strong suprascapular spine; spinous dorsal rather high,
of uniform height, the slender spines (3 in head) united to their tips by the thin transparent membrane,
the base of spinous dorsal a trifle longer than head; soft dorsal somewhat lower, its rays longer than
spines, 2.1 in head, but slanting backward when fin is extended; base of soft dorsal 2.75 in head; the
anal about the same length; pectoral long, graduated, the lowest rays short and stout, free at the ends
and hooked, the fin extending beyond origin of anal, nearly as long as head; ventral 1.5 in head, rather
long and narrow, extending beyond vent and nearly to base of anal; caudal somewhat narrow, rounded,
its length 1.2 in head. :
B.B. F.1906—21
322 BULLETIN OF THE-BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Color in alcohol slaty blue above, gradually fading to dusky white below; a-dusky patch at front
edge of dorsal; anal and lower rays of caudal speckled; pectorals dusky; ventrals and soft dorsal plain.
The collection contains 227 specimens varying from 1.5 to 2.5 inches. Two of these were collected
by the Albatross in 1894, one in Promise Bay and the other at Atka Island. One isa female containing
mature eggs the size of mustard seed. The other specimens were collected by Mr. Rutter on the beach
at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903.
The following counts of 159 specimens collected at Karluk show the variations in the anal rays:
Seven have 13 anal rays, 106 have 12 anal rays, 45 have 11 anal rays, and 1 has 10 anal rays.
These also show great variation m color and in markings, the ground color varying from plain
olivaceous to rosy, and some being almost plain, others much speckled and mottled. In all these
specimens the 2 black blotches on spinous dorsal are present, but they vary in size and distinctness.
In many the tips of the spines project slightly as minute filaments, and the fin is not evenly rounded,
being higher in front. In embryum the fin is not so high, but is rounded, being higher in the center.
This species can not be separated from B. embrywm on the number of the anal rays, as both frequently
have 11, embryum usually having 10 or 11 and acuticeps varying from 10 to 13.
Described by Gilbert (1893) as Oligocottus acuticeps, from Unalaska. Recorded by Rutter (1899),
as Oxycottus acuticeps, from Karluk.
155. Blennicottus globiceps (Girard).
Recorded by Bean (1881) as Oligocottus globiceps, from the following places: Sitka; Shahafka Cove,
Kodiak Island; Adak and Amchitka.
156. Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks).
Three specimens (nos. 02224 and 02227), each about 1.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk
early in July; and 64 specimens 1 to 2.75 inches long, collected by him at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903.
Head 3.33 in length; depth 4.8; eye 3.2 in head; snout 3; maxillary 2.5; mandible 3; interorbital 1.25;
dorsal 1x, 15; anal 10; branchiostegals 6; pectoral 14; ventral 1, 4; pores about 34 (?).
Fie. 84.—Blennicottus embryum (Jordan & Starks). Type.
Body somewhat elongate, tapering to a rather slender caudal peduncle, the depth of which is some-
what more than diameter of orbit; head rather small, compressed, the profile rounded; mouth horizontal,
quite small; tip of maxillary reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit; teeth minute, on jaws,
vomer, and palatines; nasal spines rather stout; interorbital space rather narrow, concave; apparently no
slit behind last giJl-opening; preopercular spine single, covered with skin; when dissected out, it is
seen to be simple, short, stout, sharp, and slightly curved upward. Spinous dorsal rather low, rounded,
its longest spine about 3 in head, its base about equal to head; longest dorsal ray about 1.6 in head;
base of soft dorsal about 2.66 in body; pectoral rather broad, acute, about 1.5 times head and extending
beyond origin of anal; ventrals long and slender, 1.3 in head, reaching beyond vent nearly to anal;
anal papilla prominent in the male.
Color in alcohol: Six saddle-shaped blackish blotches along dorsal, reaching about to lateral line,
pale roundish spots between these; lower part of body and all fins but ventrals finely mottled.
» ; ‘
ac FS ee a ee
SS iin
f
;
a
.
;
;
=
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. yas"
157. Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 2.75 in iength; depth 5.5; eye 3.3 in head; snout 4.3; dorsal vi-12; anal 12; pectoral 21; ven-
tral 1, 3; branchiostegals 6.
Body elongate, slightly compressed, tapering gradually from occiput to narrow caudal peduncle,
the least depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in eye and 2 in its length; vent median, much nearer base of
anal than base of ventral.
Head rather large, somewhat depressed; snout bluntly rounded from above, its anterior profile gently
rounded; mouth horizontal, tip of premaxillary below lower margin of orbit, maxillary reaching vertical
at middle of pupil; teeth minute on jaws, those on vomer and palatines barely discernible; nasal
spine short, sharp, and weak; interorbital very narrow, not evidently concave, about 4 in eye; occiput
with 2 faint ridges, area between them somewhat concave; opercle thickened above, ending behind
Fic. 85.—Blennicottus clarki Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
in a round lobe; 2 preopercular spines, the upper simple, stout, curving upward and inward, covered
with membrane, the lower, on lower limb of preopercle, short, directed downward and forward; no
evident nasal cirri, and none evident on lateral line; a strong cirrus on tip of maxillary, a small one
near base of upper preopercular spine, and a small one on opercular flap, one on shoulder above base
of pectoral, rest of body smooth without further cirri or other prickles.
Origin of dorsal over upper base of pectoral, spines rather high, second, third, and fourth highest,
about 1.4 in head, free at tip, the tips slightly club-shaped; interval between spines very short; soft
dorsal nearly as high as spinous dorsal, the middle rays highest, about 2 in head; caudal rounded, long
and narrow, 1.3 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals long and narrow, reaching nearly to vent,
2 in head; pectoral broad and falcate, upper rays longest, reaching beyond origin of anal, its base
strongly procurrent, parallel with gill-cleft and close behind it, length from lower edge of axil to tip
about 1.1 in head.
Color in alcohol brownish-olivaceous on upper part of side, mottled with small white spots; occipi-
tal and interorbital region darkest, region above lateral line light olivaceous; an indistinct darker bar
324 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
under spinous and a similar one under middle of soft dorsal, a dark blotch at base of caudal; dorsal,
caudal, and pectoral indistinctly blotched and mottled with brown, these tending to form bands; a
dark area at base of pectoral; anal and ventral plain.
This species is most closely related to Blennicottus acuticeps, from which it differs markedly in
having a blunter snout, narrower interorbital, larger head and eye; fewer dorsal spines and rays; no
nasal cirri and none on lateral line.
Type no. 57824 U. S. National Museum, a specimen 2 inches long, collected by the Albatross at :
station 3598, Bering Sea, June 8, 1894. We have 1 other specimen, 1.2 inches long, from same place.
Named for our friend and associate, Mr. H. Walton Clark, of the Bureau of Fisheries, in recogni-
tion of his valuable assistance in the preparation of this report.
Fig. $6.—Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
158. Histiocottus bilobus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
We have 4 specimens 9 to 10 inches long from Karluk; 1 specimen 6 inches long from station
4259; and another 6 inches long, Tongass Narrows, October 28, 1905. It is recorded by Bean from
St. Paul, Kodiak, as Blepsias bilobus.
:
\
;
Fic. 87.—Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas).
159. Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas).
Ninety-five specimens of this species were taken at various points from Puget Sound to Kodiak
Island. They range in length from 1.25 to 7.5 inches and were taken at the following places: Mar-
rowstone Point; Kilisut Harbor; Fox Bay; Alert Bay; Cleveland Passage; Metlakatla; Killisnoo, and
on the beach at Karluk. A female 6 inches long, seined at Marrowstone Point June 29, was ripe with
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 325
eggs of good size (larger than shad eggs) and of bright rosin color. Fifty-six of the specimens were taken
at Karluk by Mr. Rutter. These were 1.25 to 1.8 inches long, and the dorsal counts in many of them
were Iv, 1-24; the young have a distinct color pattern, showing the pale blotches on fins very distinctly.
These blotches are not so distinct on larger examples, indicating that the young are much more bril-
liantly colored.
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Uiuliuk and Chernofski,
Unalaska; Bay of Islands, Adak; Kyska, and St. Paul Island. Gilbert (1895), Unalaska.
160. Nautiscus pribilovius Jordan & Gilbert.
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Unalaska, Adak, Kyska, and St. Paul, Kodiak Island, as Nautichthys
oculofasciatus; under the same name by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay and south of the Alaskan Pen-
insula at stations 3213, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3231, to 3234, 3236, 3246, 3274, 3281, 3290 to 3294, 3296, 3300,
and 3302. The species was described by Jordan & Gilbert in 1899, the type coming from St. George
Island and a cotype from Unalaska.
161. Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard).
- One specimen 4 inches long from station 4209, Admiralty Inlet; 1 specimen 4.3 inches long from
station 4219, mouth of Oak Bay.
162. Ulca marmorata (Bean).
A specimen (no. 2917) 12.5 inches long from station 4255, Chilkoot Inlet, is described as follows:
Head 2.6 in length; depth 5; eye 5.5 in head; snout 4; maxillary 1.5; mandible 1.28; interorbital
2.5; length of middle pectoral rays 1.5; second dersal spine, including filament, 2.5; longest dorsal ray
2.6; caudal 2; longest anal rays 2.7; ventrals 3.1.
Head very broad, depressed, the body tapering gradually to the slender caudal peduncle; mouth
large, oblique, the maxillary extending beyond pupil; the mandible strongly projecting; teeth very
strong on jaws, vomer, palatines, premaxillaries, and tongue, many of them enlarged and canine-like;
head very rough, with numerous large bluntish spines, those on supraocular and occiput largest and
strongest; one large blunt spine at upper angle of opercle followed by a long curved ridge; preopercle
with 4 blunt diverging spines, the second one from top longest; opercle with a strong ridge; interorbital
very broad and concave; body everywhere, especially above, covered with low blunt tubercles; under
parts with soft tubercles; lower jaw with numerous cirri, some of them branched, nearly equaling eye in
length; numerous smaller cirri on upper part of head and anterior part of body. Fins well developed,
dorsal spines long, ending in filaments; soft dorsal higher than spinous portion; anal rays somewhat
enlarged; pectoral very large, nearly reaching beginning of anal.
Besides this large-specimen the collection contains 4 smaller ones, as follows: One 1.8 inches long,
dredged at station 4270, Litnik Bay; one 2.25 inches long, dredged at station 4281, Chignik Bay; one 2.6
inches long, dredged at station 4279, Alitak Bay; one 3 inches long dredged at station 4293.
Originally described by Bean (1891), as Hemitripterus marmoratus, from Albatross station 2855, off
Sitkalidak Island. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) under the same name from stations 3224, 3257, 3258, and
3311 in Bering Sea, north of Unalaska Island.
163. Hemitripterus cavifrons Lockington.
We have in the collection a single specimen 8.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at Petro-
paulski, June 20, 1903. Recorded by Bean (1882) from Kodiak as Hemitripterus americanus.
164. Synchirus gilli Bean.
One specimen 1.5 inches long picked off an anemone at Quarantine Dock, Port Townsend, June
27, 1903.
Dorsal 1x-20; anal 20. No spiny tubercles on lateral line; no series of spiny scales along dorsal
base.
326 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
165. Psychrolutes paradoxus Giinther.
Eighty-seven specimens, from 0.75 to 2.4 inches long, were secured by the Albatross in Otter Bay,
May 31, 1895, and at stations 4223, 4228, 4257, 4270, 4271, 4273, 4274, 4275, 4283, 4285, 4290, 4291. These
stations range from Puget Sound to Kodiak Island.
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Kodiak Island. Gilbert (1895), as Psychrolutes zebra, from stations 3213,
3215, to 3217, 3219, 3222, to 3225, 3257 to 3259, 3263, 3265, 3272, 3310, 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334, in shallow
water south of the Alaskan Peninsula, thence west to and through Unimak Pass, along the northern
shore of Unalaska Island and in Bristol Bay. Under the same name by Bean (1891) from station 2848,
between Unga and Nagai islands. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), stations 3640 off St. Paul Island and 3674
off Kodiak Island at Karluk.
Fig. 88—Psychrolutes paradoxus Gtinther.
166. Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks).
Head 2.7 in length; depth 3; eye 4.7 in head, equaling snout; interorbital 2; width of mouth 2;
dorsal v1, 21; anal 15; pectoral 15; ventral 3. .
Body short and tadpole-like, tapering rapidly from the very large head to the narrow caudal
peduncle; head very large, globular; snout short and evenly rounded; interorbital very broad, gently
convex; mouth large, broad, jaws subequal; maxillary slender, weak, reaching front of eye; teeth
in jaws weak, apparently in a single row; vomer and palatines toothless. Dorsal fin much larger than
anal, partly concealed by loose skin; spinous dorsal entirely obliterated except the tips of the last 3
Fia. 89.—Gilbertidia sigolutes (Jordan & Starks).
spines, which project above the skin as mere tubercles; origin of anal nearly under fourth dorsal ray;
tips of last dorsal and anal rays overlapping base of caudal fin; caudal fin evenly rounded; pectoral
well developed, its upper rays longest, reaching origin of anal fin, the lower rays somewhat enlarged,
their tips free; ventrals small, short, barely reaching vent; nostrils with conspicuous nasal flaps;
lower jaw, side of head, and side of body above pectoral fin with conspicuous mucous pores.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 327
Color in alcohol, brownish white; the back in front of dorsal crossed by a broad bluish band; region
under pectorals and ventrals bluish; head everywhere above finely punctate with brownish; under
part of head whitish; fins all plain bluish white.
One specimen, 2.5 inches long, was dredged at station 4256, in 73 fathoms, in Chilkoot Inlet, July 16,
1903, and a specimen 1; inches long, at station 4257, off Funter Bay. Two specimens, each about
1.5 inches long, were seined at Loring, April 25, 1903, by Mr. Chamberlain.
Family 34. RHAMPHOCOTTID.
.. 167. Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther.
The collection contains the following specimens:
Two collected by the Albatross in Straits of Fuca (1891); 2 seined at mouth of Hood Canal; 5 from
stations 4197, 4204, 4205, 4209, 4212. These differ from current descriptions in that the tubercles are
simple and prickly, but not bifid or trifid. Dorsal spines not always vu, sometimes vit, and in one
case vil-l1; first pectoral rays and the dorsal rays prickly for their whole length; black spot not always
present on all the dorsal rays. There are numerous tubercles on upper half of membrane of eye.
This species was recorded irom St. Paul, Kodiak Island, by Bean (1882).
Fic. 90—Rhamphocottus richardsoni Giinther.
Family 35. AGONIDE. The Sea-Poachers.
168. Hypsagonus quadricornis (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Specimens from 1.5 to 2 inches long were taken in 1903 at the following Albatross stations: 4204,
4205-7, 4212, 4268, 4284, one specimen being taken at each station.
Fort Rupert and Admiralty Inlet.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay at
stations 3218, 3214, 3217, 3220, 3223, 3224, 3262, and 3322.
The species was also seen at
328 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
169. Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius).
Recorded by Nelson (1887) irom Unalaklik and by Gilbert (1895), as Brachyopsis dodecaedrus, from
Bristol Bay at stations 3239, 3240, 3242, and 3248.
Fic. 91.—Occa dodecaedron (Tilesius).
170. Pallasina barbata (Steindachner).
Twelve specimens, 2.25 to 4 inches long, seined in Funter Bay; one, 4.75 inches long, seined in
Kilisut Harbor; two, 3.8 and 5 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage; all collected by the Albatross
in 1903.
These specimens might just as well be called P. aiz, except for the 3 or more rows of plates (some-
times 2) on median line infront of ventrals. P. atx is said to have but 2 and the neighboring plates small.
These specimens have 2 or 3, and the other plates small or large. The barbel is short. in barbata it
should be long.
Recorded as Siphagonus barbata (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Unalaska: Port
Clarence. Albatross stations 3239, 3240, 3242 to 3245, and 3258, all in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1893).
Tliulink, Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield 1897).
Fic. 92.—Pallasina barbata (Steindachner).
171. Pallasina aix Starks.
Recorded from Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899).
172. Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius).
Thirteen specimens, 2 to 5.5 inches, no label, but probably from Alaska; ten, 3 to 8.5 inches long,
collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3600, and at Port Ludlow; twenty-five, 4.5 to 8 inches long,
collected by the Albatross in 1903 at stations 4270 to 4272, 4276, and 4296: also at Marrowstone Point,
and seined at Quarantine Station; one specimen taken at Yes Bay by the Albatross in 1905.
Fic. 93.—Podothecus acipenserinus (Tilesius).
In most of the specimens the plates on caudal peduncle have spines, which is contrary to current
descriptions. The color also is different in our specimens; in most of them the black streaks between
plates are absent; the 3 black bars on caudal peduncle and the one under anterior part of soft dorsal
are not noted in current descriptions.
’ THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 329
Originally described by Tilesius from Unalaska. Recorded by Bean (1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak
Island; Unalaska; Cape Lisburne; Arctic Ocean. From many stations (44) around the Aleutian Islands
and in Bristol Bay by Gilbert (1895). From St. Paul Island by Townsend (1887).
Tig. 94.—Averruncus emmelane Jordan & Starks.
173. Averruncus emmelane Jordan & Starks.
One specimen, 6.25 inches long, dredged at station 4222, mouth of Hood Canal. Only 2 other
specimens known. They were taken in a seine near Port Orchard, Puget Sound, by E. C. Starks.
Fig. 95.—Sarritor frenatus Gilbert.
174. Sarritor frenatus Gilbert.
Six specimens, 2.5 to 10.5 inches long, collected by the Albatross at stations 3598, 3599, 4290, and
4292. Originally described by Gilbert (1895) as Odontopyvis frenatus from Albatross stations 3219, 3225 to
3227, 3255 to 3258, 3263, 3269, 3279, 3282, 3309, 3311, 3313, and 3330, located on both sides of the Alaskan
Peninsula and both north and south of the Aleutian Chain.
175. Sarritor leptorhynchus (Gilbert).
Seven specimens, 3.25 to 4.5 inches long, were dredged at stations 4268, 4279, 4283, 4285, and 4286.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula at stations 3215,
3219, 3222, 3229, 3259, 3265, and 3267.
Fig. 96.— Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert.
176. Bathyagonus nigripinnis Gilbert.
The collection contains 36 specimens, 2.25 to 8 inches long, dredged by the Albatross in 1903 at
stations 4191, 4198, 4231, 4235, 4236, 4238, 4240, 4241, 4250 to 4252, 4258, and 4266. The species was
originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north and south of Unalaska at stations 3210, 3316, 3324,
3325, 3329 to 3332, and 3337.
330 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF FISHERIES.
177. Kenochirus pentacanthus Gilbert.
This species is very generally distributed from Puget Sound to Bermg Sea. It was never taken
abundantly, but was found at a great many different places, 71 specimens, from 1.6 to 4.65 inches long,
being taken at stations 3547 (Bering Sea), 3597, £193, 4221, 4223, 4226, 4227, 4238, 4244, 4271, 4274 to
4276, 4278 to 4281, 4283, 4285 to 4289, 4290-io 4293. and 4295.
It is very doubtful whether the prickly breast (alascanus) and narrow interorbital (peniacanthus)
which separate pentacanthus and alascanus are good characters. Im this large series some have the
prickly breast but narrow interorbital. With a larger series these 2 species would very probably run
together.
178. Xenochirus alascanus Gilbert.
This species was not taken by us. It was ongimally described by Gilbert (189%) from vicinity of
Unimak Pass at stations 3216, 3219, 3223, 3225 to 3226, 3257, 3258, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, 3322, 3334,
3336, and 3339. Recorded from Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
179. Xenochirus latifrons Gilbert.
We have 142 specimens, 3.5 to 6 inches long, collected by J. P. Todd near Seatile, 1903.
180. Odontopyxis trispimosus Lockingion.
One specimen, 2.65 inches long, dredged at station 4221; one specimen, 2.4 inches long, dredged at
station 4193: the species also seen at station 4226, near Loring, and station 4243, Kasaan Bay. Recorded
from Sitka by Bean (1882) as Podothecus trispinosus.
181. Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean.
Originally described by Bean (1886) “from Alaska.”" im Bering Sea, perhaps. Not found by recent
collectors. ne
Fic. 97.—Aspidophoroides guntheri Bean.
182. Aspidophoroides bartoni Gilbert.
Eleven specimens, 2 to 5.25 inches long, were dredged ai stations 3599 (Bering Sea), 4273, 4276,
4279, 4283, 4285, 4286, 4289, 4291, and 4292. This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from
north and south of the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay from 41 different dredging siations, rancing
between 3213 and 3311. ~
183. Aspidophoroides inermis Ginther.
One specimen, 2.75 inches long, dredged at station 4272; one specimen, 4 inches, mouth Hood
Canal. collected by the Albatross. 1903. The type of this species came from Unalaska. The species
was also taken at Albatross stations 3213, 3219, 3220. 3265, and 3322, these in Bristol Bay and north and
south of the Aleutian group.
Family 36. CYCLOPTERID®. The Lump Suckers.
184. Eumicrotremus orbis (Ginther).
One specimen 1.1 inches long, mouth of Hood Canal, July 1; one specimen 1 inch long dredged at
station 4205: one specimen 1.5 inches long dredged at station 4291; one specimen 3.85 inches long, taken
from stomach of cod caught in Bering Sea in spring of 1902 in 500 feet of water. The species has also
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. Bot
been recorded from Iliuliuk, Unalaska, and from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Ewmicrotremus spinosus.
South of Sannak Islands and in Bristol Bay from stations 3213, 3258, and 3274 (Gilbert 1895). Off St.
Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
185. Lethrotremus muticus Gilbert.
This species, not taken by recent collectors, was described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3223 and
3258, near Unimak Pass.
Fig. 98.—Lethrotremus muticus Gilbert.
186. Cyclopteroides gyrinops Garman.
Recorded from St. Paul Island (Garman 1892) and Dutch Harbor (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
187. Cyclopterichthys ventricosus (Pallas).
No. 02234 and 02298, 8.5 and 7.75 inches long, respectively, collected by Rutter at Karluk in 1903.
These 2 specimens show the two different schemes of coloration noted in descriptions. Recorded from
St. Paul Island (Kincaid 1899).
Family 37. LIPARIDID2. The Sea Snail,
188. Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder.
Head 4 in length; depth 4.33; eye 4.6 in head; snout 3; interorbital equal to snout; dorsal v, 28;
anal 26; pectoral 33; caudal 14; branchiostegals 6.
Body tadpole-shaped, anterior portion to origin of anal rounded, the remainder greatly compressed;
dorsal outline gently arched; ventral outline of 2 gentle arches meeting each other at a broad angle at
the origin of anal; head small, depressed; snout broadly rounded viewed from above, truncate from
the side; mouth narrow, horizontal, with little lateral cleft and mandible barely included; lips rather
thin; teeth small, white, tricuspid, in several rows in each jaw; nostrils inconspicuous, anterior with a
small tube; several mucous pores on head along ramus of lower jaw and behind eye; gill-slit narrow,
slightly wider than eye, entirely above upper base of pectoral; opercle ending in a soft sharp flap.
Dorsal fin low, its origin over middle of pectoral, its length about 3.5 times head, the fin quite low, the
posterior rays longer, margin minutely crenulate, longest ray about 2.5 in head; anal similar to dorsal,
its origin under about the third or fourth dorsal ray, last ray of anal slightly posterior to last dorsal ray and
both fins slightly united to caudal at the tips of their last rays; caudal truncate, long and slender, its
length about 1.2 in head; pectorals broad, of 2 lobes, the upper broad and rounded, lower narrow, its
Shite BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
margin ill defined, and not very distinct from upper lobe; rays somewhat produced, longest ray consid-
erably shorter than upper lobe, length of upper lobe 1.3 in head, tip reaching vent; ventral disk nearly
circular, its length 1.6 in head, 13 horny lobes, rather deciduous.
Color jet black above, lighter on belly, a white crescent-shaped line across base of caudal, extending
on tip of last dorsal and anal ray; caudal indistinctly barred with black and white bars; dorsal and anal
fins dark, edges with a narrow black border.
We have 13 specimens, varying from 0.75 to 2.75 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk,
June 8-10, 1903. The species is recorded by Rutter (1899) from Karluk and Uyak Bay.
Fic. 99.—Neoliparis rutteri Gilbert & Snyder.
189. Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas).
One hundred and twenty-six specimens, 0.75 to 5 inches long, secured in 1903 from the following
places: Shakan Bay: Diamond Point; Poimt Ellis; Funter Bay; stations 4205-7; Naha Bay, Loring;
Neah Bay, and at Karluk.
Recorded (Bean 1882, as Liparis calliodon) from Port Etches; Belkoiski;; Sanborn Harbor, Shu-
magins; Nateekin Bay, Unalaska; Adak; Amchitka; St. Michael. Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Karluk
and Uyak Bay (Rutter 1899). St. Michael (Turner 1886, as Liparis calliodon). Jordan & Gilbert (1899)
found it at Captains Harbor, Unalaska; St. Paul Island; St. George Island, and Sitka.
Fic. 100.—Neoliparis callyodon (Pallas).
i)
190. Liparis cyclopus Giinther. (Pl. xvm, fig. 1.)
Recorded from Unalaska (Bean 1882) as Liparis cyclopus; Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Liparis
cyclopus: Bristol Bay. at station 3230 (Gilbert 1895).
191. Liparis fucensis Gilbert.
Twelve specimens, 1.4 to 3.25 inches long, dredged at stations 4208, 4220, 4270 to 4272, 4289, and
4302, and mouth Hood Canal; and 22 (small) from station 4256.
PLATE XVIII.
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906.
“d14S1ld008 SNNITAHOSYSH SIYVdI1
“YSAHLNONO SNMOTOAO SIUVdIT *
I
G
PLATE XIX.
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906.
"LYSED VNSOILSOTOAD SIYVdII
PLATE XX.
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906.
sp enenso errr is
eee
“AdAL “LYSEdTld % Nvduor
SNUNTASdAD SNUYNNSOUd
Lysis % NVGuYOr SITIEVYIN SAHLHOITIVLSAYO *
L
6
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. gaa
192. Liparis agassizii Putnam.
Recorded from Unalaska and St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Liparis gibbus. Bristol Bay at stations
3241, 3247, and 3305 (Gilbert 1895). Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885).
Fic, 101.—Liparis agassizii Putnam.
193. Liparis herschelinus Scofield. (Pl. xvi, fig. 2.)
Recorded from Herschel Island, Arctic Ocean (Scofield 1899).
194. Liparis cyclostigma Gilbert. (Pl. xrx.)
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at station 3252, near Unalaska.
195. Liparis pulchellus Ayres.
Recorded from St. Paul, Kodiak Island, and from [liuliuk, Unalaska (Bean 1882); Tongass (Bean
1884); station 3269 in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895).
196. Crystallichthys mirabilis Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 1.)
Recorded from station 3638, off St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
197. Careproctus simus Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3331.
198. Careproctus colletti Gilbert.
One specimen, 3.5 inches long, from station 4295, Shelikof Straits.
This specimen differs somewhat from current descriptions; the head is 4, not 6; distance from tip
of snout to origin of anal is 2.5, not 3.66. Color almost white, not dusky, though our specimen may have
faded. Mouth and gill cavity not dusky; peritoneum white, not dusky.
This species was originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3338, south of Alaskan Peninsula.
199. Careproctus phasma Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from Bristol Bay at stations 3254 and 3256.
200. Careproctus spectrum Bean.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2848, between Unga and Nagai islands.
201. Careproctus ostentum Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert ( 1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3324 and 3331.
202. Careproctus ectenes (Gilbert.
Gaeadly described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3331.
203. Prognurus cypselurus Jordan & Gilbert. (Pl. xx, fig. 2.
Originally described by Jordan & Gilbert (1899) from Albatross station 3644, off Bogosloi Island. —
334 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
204. Gyrinichthys minytremus Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at station 3331.
205. Paraliparis holomelas Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3308 and 3332. We-have
25 specimens taken at stations 4194, 4202, 4251-4253, 4255, 4258, 4292 and 4293.
206. Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3225 and 3330.
207. Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at station 3332.
208. Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska at stations 3227, 3325, 3326, 3329 to
3332. ?
Fic. 102.—Bathymaster signatus Cope.
Family 38. BATHYMASTERID&.
209. Bathymaster signatus Cope.
Seventeen specimens 1.5 to 11.75 inches long, collected at stations 3856, 3599 (Bering Sea), 4285,
4289, and at Karluk; Loring; Yes Bay; Redfish Bay; Killisnoo; Sitka; and Pablof Harbor.
It has been recorded (Bean 1882 and 1884) from Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor and
off Popoff Island,.Shumagins; Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Mary Island; Fort Wrangell; Port Chester and
Nakat. Gilbert (1895) records it as very abundant in the shallow water dredgings along the southern
shore of the Alaskan Peninsula, northward through Unimak Pass and north of Unalaska at stations
3211 to 3215, 3217, 3220, 3222, 3223 and 3319, and Jordan & Gilbert (1899) record it from Sitka.
Fic. 103.—Ronquilus jordani Gilbert.
210. Ronquilus jordani Gilbert.
The collection contains 37 specimens 2.5 to 6.75 inches long taken in Admiralty Inlet, at Hood Canal,
and at stations 4193, 4197, 4204, 4209, 4212, 4213, 4220, 4228, 4272, 4278 and 4289. The species was
originally described by Gilbert (1889) as Bathymaster jordam from Fort Wrangell. He also records it
under the same name from station 3262 in Bristol Bay.
|
;
|
4
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. B00
Family 30. TRICHODONTIDZ.
211. Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius).
We have 1 specimen 2.5 inches long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, September 17, 1894.
The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) as Trichodon stellert from Coal Harbor and Humboldt
Harbor, Shumagins; Unalaska, and Cape Etolin, Nunivak Island. Bristol Bay at station 3260 and from
Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Mr. H. C. Fassett examined a specimen at Klawak in 1905 which was
taken near that place.
Though rare, this curious fish appears to be widely distributed in Alaska.
Fig. 104.—Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius).
212. Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner).
We have 1 specimen 1 inch long collected by the Albatross in Akutan Bay, July 24, 1894.
Fig. 105.—Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner).
Family 40. BATRACHOIDIDE. The Toadfishes.
213. Porichthys notatus Girard.
The collection contains 6 specimens 5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Union Bay and at station 4218.
336 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Family 41. GOBIESOCID. The Clingfishes.
214. Caularchus meeandricus (Girard).
The collection contains 2 specimens, each 2.75 inches long, seined at Fort Rupert June 28, 1903. We
also have 2 specimens 1.5 and 2.25 inches long taken at Gabriola Island by the Albatross.
Fig. 106.—Caularchus meandricus (Girard).
Family 42. BLENNIIDA. The Blennies.
215. Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas).
One specimen 7 inches long seined at station 4228; 2 specimens 4.5 inches long dredged at station
4205; no. 2914, a specimen 11.4 inches long, from station 4253.
Fic. 107.—Bryostemma polyactocephalus (Pallas).
In the smaller examples the cirri on the top of head are coarse, thick, and blunt; in the larger exam-
ples they are quite different, being small and hairlike and not so numerous.
Recorded from stations 3213 and 3274, north and south of the Alaskan Peninsula (Gilbert 1895) as
Chirolophus polyactocephalus. St. Michael (Nelson 1887) and St. Paul (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
Fig. 108.—Apodichthys flavidus Girard.
216. Apodichthys flavidus Girard.
The collection contains 22 specimens 4 to 8 inches long from Sucia Island, May 6, 1894.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 837
217. Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas).
Recorded from Kigiktowik and Unalakleet, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) as Muraenoides ruberrimus,
and from Aleutian Islands (Bean 1882) as Muraenoides dolichogaster.
Fig. 109.—Pholis dolichogaster (Pallas).
218. Pholis fasciatus (Bloch & Schneider).
We have 14 specimens 2.25 to 3 inches long, collected by Rutter at Karluk June 8-10, 1903, and one
specimen 7 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, 1906. The
species has been recorded from St. Paul Island (Bean 1882) as Murxnoides maxillaris and from Bristol Bay
at stations 3230, 3232 to 3234 (Gilbert 1895).
219. Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 8.66 in length; depth at origin of dorsal 10.5; eye 5 in head; snout 5; maxillary 3.25; man-
_dible 2.5; interorbital 1.5 in eye; dorsal Lxxxi1v; anal m1, 44; pectorals 15; branchiostegals 4.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, almost ribbon-shaped; head small, upper profile arched,
anterior profile rounded; a high sharp ridge from nape to snout; snout blunt, short; mouth small,
very oblique; jaws nearly equal; maxillary reaching anterior edge of orbit; teeth conical, stout, in
a single row in the jaws, except for a patch on anterior edge of lower jaw, none on vomer and palatines;
upper lip a high, thin fold continuous posteriorly with the fold on lower lip, latter interrupted by a
Fie. 110.—Pholis gilli Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
broad frenum; nostrils close behind upper lip, posterior in a small tube; a row of conspicuous tubes
below eye running backward and upward posteriorly; gill-opening free from isthmus, forming a broad
fold, not continued forward; eye small, anterior, high.
Origin of dorsal above base of pectoral, its anterior spines concealed in membrane, short, gradually
lengthening posteriorly, the spines not concealed, the longest spine slightly longer than eye; dorsal
and anal connected for their entire height, forming a slight notch with the broad rounded caudal, the
length of caudal about half head; anal low, with 2 short stout spines, membranes thick, nearly con-
cealing the rays; vent midway between root of pectoral and base of caudal; pectoral short and broadly
rounded, 2.5 in head; ventral very minute, its rays about equal to spine, which equals pupil. Scales
minute, covering body, head naked.
B. B. F. 1906—22
338 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Color inalcohol: General color brown, the minute scales giving this brown the appearance of small
white punctulations; a series of 10 white blotches punctate with brown along-base of dorsal, each one
extending from upper edge of fin down upon body, forming semicircular patches about as large as pectoral
fin; a series of irregular white parallel bars about as wide as eye on anterior lower half of side, these
broken posteriorly into rows of dots; head pale beneath, a white stripe extending from front of occiput
through eye to posterior tip of mandible, broadening somewhat as it descends, another small white
stripe extending vertically along anterior margin of orbit; snout and lower lip brown, chin white;
caudal and anal dusky; ventral and pectoral plain; dorsal general color of back.
This fish differs from the description of P. dolichogaster in having the anterior spines of dorsal short,
also in having a sharp ridge on interorbital space, and the color entirely different.
The above irom the type, no. 57826, U. S. National Museum, a specimen 6.75 inches long collected
in Bering Sea in 1902, sent in by Mrs. E. W. Clark, of Washington, D. C.
Named for Dr. Theodore Nicholas Gill.
220. Pholis ornatus (Girard).
The collection contains 208 specimens 1.6 to 8 inches long. It is common along the shores from
Port Townsend to Unalaska and was collected at the following places: Marrowstone Point; Admiralty
Head; Port Townsend; Fort Rupert; Union Bay; Whidby Island; Kilisut Harbor: Duncan Canal;
Sucia Island; Tongass Harbor; Metlakahtla; Loring; Yes Bay; Karta; Klawak; Shakan:; Funter Bay;
Ankau River; Karluk; Litnik; and Unalaska. a
Fig. 111.—Pholis ornatus (Girard).
There are 2 very distinct color patterns in our specimens. Most of them have the ocellate spots
on the dorsal and upper part of body; others have broad U-shaped dark marks on dorsal and upper
part of body instead of these dark spots. The latter have from 1 to 3 dark spots on anterior rays of dorsal,
these sometimes indistinct.
This species has been recorded as Murznoides ornatus (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave,
Yakutat Bay; Port Etches; Chugachik Bay and Reiuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Kodiak; Coal Harbor and
Sanborn Harbor, Shumagins; Belkofski, Alaska Peninsula; Dliuliuk, Unalaska; Atka; Adak; Amchi-
tka; Attu and Port Moller, and under the same name by Bean in 1884 irom Wrangell and Tongass.
Unalaska and Herendeen Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk and Uyak and Alitak bays (Rutter 1899).
Atka Island (Turner 1886) as Murznoides ornatus.
Fic. 112. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz).
221. Anoplarchus atropurpureus (Kittlitz).
This collection contains 204 specimens one-half to 4.5 inches long. The species is common along
the shore from Port Townsend to Bering Sea. It was taken at the following places: Gabriola Island,
Point Ellis, Fort Rupert, Port McArthur, Loring, Shakan Bay, Klawak, Alitak Narrows, Karluk,
Uyak Bay, and Atka Island.
It has been recorded from St. Michael by Nelson (1887). By Bean (1882) from Sitka; Port
Mulgrave; Kodiak Island; Coal Harbor, Sanborn Harbor, and Popoff Straits, Shumagins; Unalaska;
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 339
Nazan Bay, Atka; Amchitka; Kyska Harbor; Port Etches; St. Michael. Wrangell, Mary Island, and
Tongass (Bean 1884). Unalaska (Gilbert 1895). Rutter (1899) found it common at Karluk, and in
Uyak, and Alitak bays.
222. Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert).
Recorded by Bean (1882) from Adak and Amchitka, Aleutian Islands.
Fig. 113.—Xiphistes chirus (Jordan & Gilbert).
223. Xiphidion mucosum Girard.
‘The collection contains 14 specimens, 1.5 to 6.75 inches long, collected at Gabriola Island, Point
Ellis, and Port Rupert. The species has been recorded from Wrangell and Mary Island by Bean (1882)
as Xiphistes mucosus.
224. Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert).
We have 1 specimen 5 inches long from Cedar Island, Loring, June 17, 1904. Bean (1882)
records it from Sitka as Xiphister rupestris.
Fig. 114.—Xiphidion rupestre (Jordan & Gilbert). Type.
225. Opisthocentrus ocellatus (Tilesius).
We have 8 specimens, 5.5 to 7 inches long, collected at Tareinski Harbor, Kamchatka, 1900, by
the Albatross.
226. Leptoclinus maculatus (Fries).
The collection contains 3 specimens 4 to 5.5 inches long from Albatress stations 4274 and 4279.
Recorded from station 3223 in Unimak Pass and stations 3252, 3253, 3257 to 3259, 3279 and 3309, all in
Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895).
227. Poroclinus rothrocki Bean.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Albatross station 2852, between Nagai and Big Koniushi
Island. Station 3312, north of Unalaska Island (Gilbert 1895).
228. Lumpenus medius (Reinhardt). (Pl. xxz1, fig. 1.)
Head 5 in length; depth 8.9; eye 3.5 in head; snout 4.6; interorbital 3 in eye; dorsal Lvm; anal u,
39 (35 to 38); pectoral 14; ventral 3; caudal 2.2 in head; ventral 2.75; pectoral 1.35.
The collection contains 21 specimens, 2.5 to 11 inches long, collected at stations 4243, 4270 to
4272, 4274 to 4276, 4280, 4281, 4287, and in Kasaan Bay.
340 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
229. Lumpenus anguillaris (Pallas).
This species was found to be quite common. It was taken at various points and seen at many others
from Seattle to Atka Island. One hundred and fifty-two specimens, ranging from 1.75 to 14.5 inches
in length, were secured from the following places: Seattle; Kilisut Harbor; Duncan Canal; Loring;
Ankau River; New Morzhovoi; Pablof Harbor; Akutan Bay; Makushin Bay; Unalaska; Atka; and
stations 4214, 4218, 4236, 4272, and 4296.
Recorded (Bean 1882) from Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; Port Levas-
hef, Iliuliuk and Ckernofski, Unalaska; Wrangell and Sitka, and, in cruise of the Corwin, from Point
Belcher. Also from Norton Sound (Nelson 1887). Nakat foie and Boca de Quadra (Bean = =
Unalaska (Gilbert 185).
hid we
230. Lumpenus mackayi Gilbert.
Originally describe1 by Gilbert (1895) from mouth of Nushagak River.
231. Lumpenus fabricii (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Recorded from Bristcl Bay at stations 3241 to 3244 (Gilbert 1895) as Leptoblennius nubilus.
232. Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 5.25 in length; depth 8.2; eye 4.75 in head; snout 2.8; dorsal Lxmm (Lxmr to LxXx1); anal m
(mz to v), 39 (38 to 42); interorbital 1.2 in eye.
Body elongate, compressed; head long, compressed, interorbital slightly convex; eye large, elon-
gate, median, high; snout long, blunt, and projecting, mouth small, nearly horizontal, lower jaw included; |
maxillary not nearly reaching eye, reaching halfway from tip of snout to posterior edge of eye; teeth ina
single crowded row on each jaw, crowded and more or less in a patch anteriorly, no teeth on vomer or
palatines; gill-openings continued forward to below anterior edge of pupil, the membranes then narrowly
joined to isthmus.
per lila a ml, Lt
IS ae sass ae
Fic. 115.—_Lumpenus longirostris Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
Dorsal fin beginning immediately above upper end of gill-opening, the spines short, strong, and pun-
gent, none of them flexible, the anterior ones very short, less than width of pupil, the fin gradually
increasing in height to opposite front of anal, thence decreasing very slowly to posterior end, the longest
spine about 1.3 in snout, the third ray from last two-thirds height of longest ray, the tips of the spines
naked for about one-quarter of their height; anal with 3 (in most examples 4) strong spines similar to
those of dorsal fin, the first half as high as second, which equals third, soft rays all forked and of about
equal length, the last 3 free for upper third of their length; caudal rounded, 1.9 in head; ventral short,
of 1 short sharp strong spine, equal to perpendicular diameter of eye, and 3 simple rays, the fin 2 in snout;
pectoral large, rounded, the middle rays longest, 1.5 in head.
Scales small, smooth, rounded, covering entire body and head, those of head smaller and more
closely imbricated.
The foregoing description from the type no. 57827 U. S. National Museum, a specimen 9.3 inches
long, taken in Lynn Canal, July 16, 1903, at Albatross station 4255. The Bureau of Fisheries cotype is
no. 5232; Stanford University Museum, no. 20013; Field Museum of Natural History, no. 6116;
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, no. 33005.
Life colors of one example: Back and upper side light olivaceous with darker brownish blotches;
middle of side and underparts sooty blue; middle part of belly blackish; pectoral and ventral dark;
dorsal pale yellowish at base, a narrow dark line near edge.
aNot necessarily color of type, it not being known from which specimen the note was taken.
SS a
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 34]
Color in spirits, grayish olivaceous, edge of dorsal, anal, and of gill-opening black; pectoral, caudal,
ventral, and lips black; a dark blotch on opercle; belly and top of head slightly darker than body.
MEASUREMENTS OF 19 EXAMPLES OF LUMPENUS LONGIROSTRIS FROM STATION 4254.
{ 1
No. | Length. | Head. ele Eye. |Snout.| Dorsal. Anal. |
Inches.
52 64 | 53 gt 43 23 LXV Iv, 40
53 8 52 92 5 23 LXVI is eave. AO
54 7 Ba 93 5 98 TKK: ln hv, 42
55 7 Be 92 5 98 Ixy itv. 40
56 62 5s gs 5h 3 LXV | Iv, 41
57 oo ee 92 Bi 93) LXxvI Iv. 41
58 8k | BE | 92 5 oe LXIV Iv, 40
59 Pile ee eB 5 98 | LxIv Vv, 38
60 62 | Bh 93 5¢ 22 LXIV Iv, 41
61 5a 5a 92 Biles Shae ie era. |) -rv7'39
62 4h met 10t 3 3 nxry | tv, 40
63 7E | 6L 93 5 23 Lxva | Iv, 8
64 gal 8g, gi mh oe te rey |i ev. 40
65 7 Bz gi 5s | 2 Ts eee Wee Be
ela) ee | ee
68 6 | Bi gi 3 3" LXIvV | tv, 41
69 meh ee 92 eS ee ixy | 1v,39
70 z | 53 10 oF 23 LXVI | Iv, 42 |
This species may be readily distinguished by its very long snout, in which respect it differs from
all the other species of Lumpenus, and in the naked tips of the dorsal spine. We have 60 other specimens,
ranging in length from 2.5 to 9.87 inches, all of which we take as cotypes. They were collected at stations
4238, 4251, 4252, 4254, 4255, and 4256.
SLE
Fic. 116.—Stichzus punctatus (Fabricius).
233. Stichzus punctatus (Fabricius).
Recorded from St. Michael (Nelson 1887, Bean 1879). Cape Lisbourne (Bean 1882) as Notogrammus
rothrocku. Bristol Bay at station 3239 and from Karta Bay (Gilbert 1895).
Family 43. CRYPTACANTHODIDE.
234. Delolepis virgatus Bean.
The collection contains a specimen (no. 1660), 40 inches long, collected at Dutch Harbor, 1893 or
1894. Species originally described by Bean (1882) from Kingcombe Inlet, British Columbia, and Port
- Wrangell; recorded also from Unalaska (Gilbert 1895).
Fic. 117.—Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert.
235. Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3312, north of Unalaska.
342 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Family 44. ANARHICHADID. The Wolf-Fishes.
236. Anarhichas lepturus (Bean).
Recorded from St. Michael and Kigiktowik (Nelson 1887); also from St. Michael ( Turner 1886).
Fic. 118.—Anarhichas lepturus (Bean).
Family 45. PTILICHTHYIDE. The Quill-Fishes.
237. Ptilichthys goodei Bean.
One specimen, 13.5 inches long, from Snug Harbor, August 6, 1903, caught in dip net over rail of
ship. Originally described by Bean (1882) from Port Levashef, Unalaska. Recorded by Gilbert
(1895) from station 331, Unalaska Harbor.
- Fig. 119.—Ptilichthys goodei Bean.
Family 46. ZOARCIDE.
238. Lyciscus crotalinus (Gilbert). ;
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodopsis crotalinus from station 3210, south of Sannak Island.
239. Lycodopsis pacificus (Collett).
This species, not heretofore recorded north of Puget Sound, was taken at station 4272, in Afognak
Bay, and also at stations 4214, 4219, 4223, and 4233, and at Seattle. Twenty-three specimens, ranging
from 3 to 8.75 inches in length, were collected. In some there is a very evident black blotch on the
upper part of the 3 or 4 anterior dorsal rays.
240. Lycodes concolor Gill & Townsend.
Described from Bering Sea, latitude 55° 19’ north, longitude 168° 11’ west, at Albatross station
3608, in 276 fathoms.
241. Lycodes digitatus Gill & Townsend.
Described from Bering Sea, latitude 56° 14’ north, longitude 164° 8’ west, at Albatross station 3541,
in 49 fathoms.
242. Lycodes palearis Gilbert.
The collection contains 7 specimens, 2.25 to 15.5 inches long, taken at stations 4223, 4246, 427 2, and
4273.
The species was originally described from stations 3253 and 3254, Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895).
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 3438
| 248. Lycodes jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species.
Head 7 in total length; depth 14; eye 4.5 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.9; interorbital 3 in
length of eye; length of pectoral 2.1 in head; ventral 1.5 in eye; dorsal 116; anal 93 (dorsal and anal
counts taken from cotype).
Head and nape naked, rest of body fully scaled, except the axil of pectoral, which is naked; dorsal
origin over anterior part of pectoral; anal origin under about the eighteenth dorsal ray; pectorals nearly
rounded in outline, the fourth toseventh rays from the upper part being the longest, all the rays except a
few upper free at their tips, the free margin about equal in length to pupil.
Top of head flat, the interorbital space about equal to pupil, the bone being much narrower, about
one-fourth the space; maxillary reaching anterior edge of pupil; small villiform teeth on vomer, pala-
tines, and jaws, those on jaws in a single row laterally, broadening into a patch anteriorly; a row of 4
arge pores on mandible, the row continued in 3 similar pores on preopercle; 6 similar but smaller
Fig. 120.—Lycodes jordani Evermann & Goldsborough, new species. Type.
pores extending from anterior nasal opening just above maxillary and posteriorly under eye, the last
pore above the next to last in lower row; anterior nasal opening with short tube; lower jaw included;
upper jaw reaching very slightly beyond lower, for a distance less than half width of pupil; lateral line
not evident.
General color: Brownish olivaceous, the scales on body and fins white, giving the body the appear-
ance of being white spotted, the pectoral, head, and edges of dorsal and anal a darker olive than that of
body.
Another specimen from station 4267, and which we take as a cotype, gives the following measure-
ments: Head 6.8 in total length; depth 16.5; eye 4.66 in head; snout 3.9; interorbital 1.3 in eye, the
bone about 4 in eye; maxillary 3 in head; mandible 3.4; ventral equaling eye; pectoral 2 in head;
dorsal 116; anal 93.
This species is near Lycodes palearis, differing in depth, in color, in the shorter upper jaw, and in
other characters.
Type, no. 57828, U. 8. National Museum (field no. 2439), a specimen 13.25 inches long from Albatross
station 3788, and cotype, no. 20014, Stanford University Museum, a specimen 8.4 inches long from
station 4267.
244. Lycodes brevipes Bean.
This species was found to be very common in the deep waters from Puget Sound to Shelikof Strait.
Sixty-three specimens, 2.5 to 10.75 inches long, are in the collection. These were taken at stations 2848,
4201, 4218, 4246, 4248, 4250, 4252, 4254 to 4256, 4258, 4275, 4280, 4283, 4285, 4291 to 4293, 4295, and 4296.
Originally described by Bean (1891) from Unga and Nagai islands, at Albatross station 2848; recorded
also from stations 3216, 3225 to 3227, 3263, 3309 to 3311, 3313, and 3330, located north and south of the
Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895), and from off Karluk (Jordan-& Gilbert 1896).
844 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
245. Lycodalepis turneri Bean.
Recorded by Bean (1879) as Lycodes turnert from St. Michael and (1882) as Lycodes coccineus from Big
Diomede Island, Bering Strait. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885) as Lycodes turnert and Lycodes coccineus.
Norton Sound (Nelson 1887) and Point Barrow (Scofield 1899), both as Lycodalepis turnert.
Fic. 121.—Lycodalepis turneri Bean.
246. Furcimanus diaptera (Gilbert).
Thirty-nine specimens of this species, ranging in length from 2.45 to 12.5 inches long, were taken
at stations 4198, 4236, 4238, 4251, 4255.
The color in all the large specimens is uniform and the bars are lacking; in the medium-size ones
the bars are very faint; some of the small ones are nearly plain, others distinctly barred.
Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as Lycodes diapterus from north of Unalaska, at stations 3227, 3324,
Sa20, da2d 0 Good:
Fig. 122.—Furcimanus diapterus (Gilbert).
247. Bothrocara pusilla (Bean).
The collection contains 14 specimens, 4.75 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations 4251, 4252, 4255,
ae
geen described by Bean (1891) as Maynea pusilla from off Nagai Island, Albatross station
2848. North of Unalaska at stations 3224, 3227, 3330, and 3331 (Gilbert 1895).
248. Bothrocara mollis Bean. (Pl. xx1, fig. 2.)
Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
Fic. 123.—Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius).
249. Gymnelis viridis (Fabricius).
Three specimens, 3 to 4 inches long, collected by Mr. Rutter at Karluk, June 8-10, 1903.
These specimens differ somewhat from current descriptions. The head is 8 not 6.5 in length, and
color in alcohol is almost uniform cherry red; 2 of the specimens have a conspicuous white bar along
the cheek, which is faint in the third specimen.
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906. a PLaTE XXI.
)
e]
5)
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25
BOTHROCARA MOLLIS BEAN,
1. LUMPENUS MEDIUS (REINHARDT).
2.
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THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 845
The species has been recorded (Bean 1882) from Coal Harbor, Shumagins; St. Michael, and Una-
laska. Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885). St. Michael (Turner 1886). Unalaska and at station 3256 in
Bristol Bay (Gilbert 1895). Karluk (Rutter 1899).
250. Gymnelis stigma (Lay & Bennett).
Originally described from Kotzebue Sound (1839); also recorded from Albatross station 3688, near
St. Paul Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
Fig. 124.—Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert.
251. Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert.
Described from the coast of southern Alaska, latitude 46° 10’ north, longitude 121° 58’ 45”” west,
at Albatross station 3202, in 382 fathoms.
Family 47. LYCODAPODIDA.
252. Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert.
This species is represented in the collection by 8 specimens, 2.5 to 6 inches long, dredged at stations
4225, 4250, and 4257. Recorded from north of Unalaska at station 3324 (Gilbert 1895).
253. Lycodapus parviceps Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska Island.
Fig. 125.—Merluccius productus (Ayres).
254. Lycodapus extensus Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from station 3324, north of Unalaska.
Family 48. MERLUCCID.
255. Merluccius productus (Ayres).
We have one specimen, 4.5 inches long, collected by Mr. J. P. Todd near Seattle, 1903.
346 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
Family 49. GADIDH. The Codfishes.
256. Boreogadus saida (Lepechin).
Recorded from Kigiktowik, Norton Sound (Nelson 1887); St. Michael (Turner 1886); St. Michael
and Cape Lisburne (Bean 1882); Point Barrow (Murdoch 1885); Port Clarence (Scofield 1899).
Fic. 126.—Boreogadus saida (Lepechin).
257. Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas). Alaska Pollock.
An abundant and widely distributed species. Examples were collected or seen as follows:
One specimen (no. 02899), 12 inches long, from station 4250; one (no. 02892), 11 inches long, from
station 4246 (dorsal 14-16-18; anal 21-19); eight, 5.75 to 7 inches long, seined in Cleveland Passage;
one (no. 02918), 10.5 inches long, from Skagway; one (no. 03002), 9.5 inches long, from station 4292;
one, 8 inches long, from station 4296; twenty, 2.5 to 3 inches long, from station 4212; a few seen at
Karluk and 2 at Shakan; 4 (20, 24, 24, and 24.5 inches long, weight 1, 2, 2.5, and 2.5 pounds) taken on
a hook at Sand Point; 12 (average length 22.5 inches, average weight 2.75 pounds) taken over the rail
Fic. 127.Theragra chaleogramma (Pallas).
with hand line at Fox Harbor. Others were taken or seen at the Chilkoot cannery, Cleveland Passage,
Skagway (where many were taken on hook and line); Dundas Bay (several in salmon trap); Pavlof
Harbor; Unalaska; Chignik Bay; Sitkoh Bay; Loring; Litnik Bay; and stations 2844, 2864, 3781 (off
Kamchatka), 4246, 4250, and 4255; and a specimen 6.5 inches long collected by Mr. M. C. Marsh at
St. Paul Island, Pribilof Group, August 7, 1906.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 847
The following table exhibits the variation in the dorsal and anal rays:
DorRsAL AND ANAL FIN COUNTS IN SPECIMENS OF THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMMA.
No. Locality. Length. | Dorsal.
Inches.
QOISs ES KAS Wave weermcnei te ohana sane a eee 10. 00 12-15-18
SOUOZF Pua LOAD OD ie Piece. ees oe enna ee See ae 9. 50 12-14-19
SPaOMtAZI GE ke ee ne ee 25 14-16-18
StatromeAaZbOeearae te wee pee ee ole 12.00 13-13-19
ROLE KO oN CAE Ae el Bi ote ead ee ee 8. 00 13-16-18
Cleveland#iassagen es nh.2 26) aoe ens c tse 7.00 12-14-16
Oe ClO iy oN aS Sa See Ane eo he ee ae ete 5..50 12-13-16
See COR emia ee sen oe me neces eee ass ct cine 6. 25 13-15-15
Be ee Oe aR ae cei ia ieiegaoete 6 tt cielo aes ae wee 6. 00 13-13-18
pegs O acetone egrets ric merece a tre Sony cia etal 6. 00 12-14-18
TA Oyecax oie a taiaief ers a(n he cis ere sane sie sreise ante se 5. 75 11-15-16
BE Ores rls wists carpiaie hoo bee tae seseae Saeed 2 5. 75 12-15-16
The species has been previously recorded (Bean 1882) as Pollachwus chalcogrammus from Chuga-
chik Bay and Refuge Cove, Cook Inlet; Pirate Cove and Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins; Iliuliuk;
Chernofski; Unalaska; and Wrangell. Under the same name by Gilbert (1895), from Captains Harbor,
Unalaska, and at many stations in the shallow water of Bristol Bay and around the Aleutian Islands.
Unalaska and St. Paul and St. George islands (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899),
258. Theragra fucensis (Jordan & Gilbert).
This species has not heretofore been recorded from Alaskan waters, though Scofield and Seale took
in Chignik Bay a specimen which seems as near 7. fucensis as T. chalcogrammus. It is very probable
that the 2 species intergrade, the northern specimens representing what is now known as TI’. chalco-
grammus, and the southern T. fucensis. If this is so, the name T. chalcogrammus should be retained for
both. Our collection contains but a single example, no. 08122, a specimen 10 inches long taken at
Loring by the Albatross in 1905.
Fic. 128.—Eleginus navaga (K6lreuter).
259. Eleginus navaga (Kolreuter).
This codfish is common and at places abundant along the entire Alaskan coast. It is represented
in our collections by specimens from various localities extending from Puget Sound to the Alaskan
peninsula and across to Kamchatka. Forty-eight specimens, from 1.5 to 13 inches long, are in the collec-
tion from the following places: Admiralty Island; Port Alexander; Litnik Bay; Karluk; Uyak Bay;
Unalaska; Petropaulovsk, and Tareinski Harbor in Kamchatka, and stations 4202, 4213, 4218 to 4220,
4268, 4271, 4272, 4275, 4277, 4278.
The usual descriptions of Eleginus navaga and Microgadus proximus refer to the same characters so
seldom, except in features in which they happen to be alike, that from these characters it is impossible
to compare the species, and the only way given to separate them is by dissection and a comparison of
the transverse processes of the vertebrae. We find that the following comparisons are helpful, and that
the species may be separated by their use:
In proximus the first dorsal has 14 rays.
348 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
In navaga the first dorsal has 13 rays.
In proxvimus first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.5 in head.
In navaga first anal base=second dorsal base, and is 1.15 in head.
In provimus the barbel is longer than pupil. -
In navaga the barbel is equal to or less than pupil.
E. navaga has been recorded (Bean, 1882, as Tilesia gracilis) from Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St.
Paul, Kodiak; St. Michael. Port Clarence, Golwin Bay (Townsend 1887) as Plewrogadus navaga.
St. Michael (Nelson 1887). St. Michael and Unalaska (Turner 1886). Port Clarence (Scofield, 1899).
260. Microgadus proximus (Girard).
This species was not found to be abundant, but was taken at various places from Seattle to Unalaska.
Sixty-four specimens 1.25 to 10.5 inches long were secured from station 2869; Seattle; Cordova Bay;
Chasina Anchorage; Cleveland Passage; Hunter Bay; Litnik Bay; Karluk, and Unalaska.
It was recorded from Yakutat Bay by Bean (1882).
Fic. 129.—Microgadus proximus (Girard).
261. Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius. Alaska Cod.
We have in our collection 25 specimens 3.75 to 18 inches long taken by the Albatross at various
times from 1894 to 1900 at the following places: Stations 3462 and 3600; Killisnoo; Ikatan Bay; Morz-
hovoi and Petropaulovsk. ;
This species was one of the common fishes taken with hook and line, chiefly over the rail of the ship,
and at many stations. At Litnik Bay 9 were taken in this manner, average weight 5% pounds, average
length 253 inches; at Alitak Bay, 2, weighing 6 and 7 pounds and having a length of 23 and 26.5 inches,
respectively; at Chignik Bay, 7, weighing from 7 to 14 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging
from 26 to 33 inches, average length 28.64 inches; at Sand Point, Shumagin Islands, 7, weighing from
5 to 10 pounds, total weight 66 pounds, length ranging from 26 to 34.5 inches, average length 30.35; at
Fox Harbor, 12, average length 27.33 inches and average weight 8 pounds; at Uyak Bay, 12, weighing
from 6 to 15 pounds, total weight 106 pounds, average 82 pounds, length ranging from 25 to 36 inches,
average length 29.5 inches. Many were seen swimming about under the slaughterhouse, where several
were gaffed. At Fox Bay several young were caught in a dipnet over the rail. These small ones often
seek protection, and perhaps food also. under jelly fishes.
We have no record of any large examples of this cod from the Pacific, where it perhaps does not
reach a weight exceeding 15 or 20 pounds. It reaches a much larger size in the Atlantic. The
Gloucester Times of February 1, 1907, records the capture by Mr. Thomas Jesso at Little Bras d’or (Cape
Breton) of a codfish 6 feet 4 inches long, weighing 142 pounds, and states that this is one of the largest
ever caught. He states, however, that he has seen whole boat loads ranging from 30 to 80 pounds.
The average of those brought to Gloucester probably does not exceed 15 pounds.
Recorded by Bean (1882) as Gadus morrhua from Sitka; Old Sitka; off Marmot Island; St. Paul,
Kodiak; Popoff Strait; Belkofski; [liuliuk; Chernofski; Unalaska; St. Paul Island; Kygani Straits.
Turner (1886), Shumagin Islands; Cook Inlet; throughout the Aleutian Islands. Gilbert (1895),
Bering Sea at stations 3224, 3226, 3285, 3291, and 3301. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Karluk; Belkofski;
Unga; Unalaska; St. Paul and St. George. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 349
262. Antimora microlepis Bean.
The collection contains a single example, no. 1315, 21 inches long, taken by the Albatross in Ber-
ing Sea, 1895. The species was recorded from stations 3330 and 3331, Bering Sea, by Gilbert, 1895.
263. Lota maculosa (Le Sueur). Ling.
Said to be common in Lake Bennett, Tagish Arm, Lake Atlin, and probably in all suitable waters
in the Yukon basin.
Two specimens were secured in Lake Bennett in July, 1903, one 4.5 inches long taken along
shore and the other 25 inches long in a gill net set at the bottom of the lake.
Recorded by Murdoch (1885) from Meade and Kuahru rivers. Nelson (1887) Nulato; Fort
Reliance; Andreafski, Yukon River; Kotlik. Turner (1886), Yukon River. . Gilbert (1895), Nushagak.
Fig. 130.—Lota maculosa (Le Sueur).
Family 50. MACROURIDZ.
264. Albatrossia pectoralis (Gilbert).
Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
265. Bogoslovius clarki (Jordan & Gilbert). (Pl. xxm.)
Originally described from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan & Gilbert 1899).
266. Bogoslovius firmisquamis (Gill & Townsend).
We have a single specimen 21.5 inches long from Albatross station 3274, Bering Sea, June 27, 1890.
267. Chalinura serrula (Bean).
Originally described by Bean (1891) from east of Prince of Wales Island, Albatross station 2859.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
350
268. Macrourus acrolepis (Bean).
The collection contains 2 specimens, nos. 2601 and 2599, 5 and 8 inches long, dredged at station
Recorded from Albatross station 3634, off Bogoslof Island (Jordan &
784, north of Aleutian Islands, 1900.
Gilbert 1899).
Fic. 131.—Macrourus acrolepis (Bean).
269. Macrourus cinereus (Gilbert).
We have 4 specimens, 7.5 to 17.5 inches long, dredged in 660 fathoms at station 3634, in Bering
Sea, July 7, 1896, and one specimen, no. 2959, 17 inches long, dredged at station 4267, off Cape Edge-
cumbe, 1903.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from north of Unalaska Island at stations 3307 and 3329;
and (Jordan & Gilbert 1899)
off Bogoslof Isl
7
has been recorded from station 3634
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert).
Fig. 132.—
The Flounders.
270. Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert).
, 6 to 28 inches long, are in the collection from Attu Island, and Bering Sea
EURONECTID.
Family 51. PL
Seven specimens
(August 10, 1895) and stations 3789, 4223, 4283.
Others were seen or collected at Boca de Quadra; Behm
Canal; Loring; in trap at Dundas Bay; and at stations 4231 and 4272; and one, 28 inches long, in very bad
Bull. U. S. B. F. 1906.
PLATE XXII.
TYPE.
BOGOSLOVIUS CLARKI JORDAN & GILBERT.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA, soy i
condition, was collected at station 3608, Bering Sea. This large specimen differs from current descrip-
tions in having the teeth not conspicuously arrow-shaped (a few are faintly so), and in having the inter-
orbital broad, 2 in eye, and not ridged. It gives the following measurements: Head 3.3 in length;
depth 2.8; eye 5.1 in head; snout 3.6; maxillary 1.6; mandible 1.5; pectorals 2.5; caudal lunate, its
length 1.65; dorsal 110; anal 86; gillrakers 3++-11, roughish, strong, broad, and short, longest about 3
in eye; scales smooth to the touch, not firmly attached; head, premaxillary and mandible scaled.
This species has been recorded (Bean, 1882) from Port Etches, off Afognak; off Popoff Island,
Shumagins, Bean (1884), Wrangell and Naha Bay. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of
the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), Unalaska. Scofield (1899), Unga
and Karluk, and Chignik Bay.
Fig. 133.—Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzus).
271. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnzus). Halibut.
Halibut were often seen and were often taken with hook and line in various places. No specimens
were saved, but numerous examples were measured and weighed. The following table gives the results
and the important data concerning the examples:
Locality. | Length. | Width. | Weight. | Locality. Length. | Width. | Weight.
Inches. | Inches. | Pounds. | Inches Inches. | Pounds.
Headioriartasb ayn acess: CAEL UE IR eee ee OA 5s ROMISMO Owes see scm- Soo Se bac 32. 5 | 10: 5 14.0
Cleveland Passage......-.-.-.- 58.0 18.00 | 78.0 | iD) ORG ene mee ae ee ad 55.0 | 19.00 75.0
DORE ee Se ea es 5 Do ae 41.0 12.50 SOL OM Sib KOlMEy ayer ease ose Steen 295 Ob eons see 9.5
DORR oe eRe eae ae ee 32.0 9.50 15.6 | Ober sae se Bog te ee SUSObILe ee 10.5
HD) On ean Se ee one b 28.0 9.00 1O2Onl pWoxselarborse-.2-< 5525-25525 S150) 8.50 8.5
Lb Yok ys Sorciabe ty Ty Sema ies 27.0 9.00 8.0 iD Cee ae aoe e eee mera 33.0 16.00 10.5
I DXG gt ees See eee eee 30.5 9.75 11.0 IDO Se ube ee ae ee eee 30.5 10.00 9.0
PUN GAS HD Aye eee ee ao eee 68.0 16.00 120.0 LD eS ir Se a eae ee oe Se 24.5 6.00 1S
DOSS Pe foe es We oe oes 33.0 9.00 ATOR li kaees~ wae eae ee FS ee 20.0 7.00 4.5
Dee ae ae ee eo = 31.0 9.25 15250) | Porte Mie Arp hire. sss = oa = 51.0 17.00 60.0
LDCs Bee ae ee a een 29.0 9.00 10.0 | 1D XO ee ae ee Sane [eee Lees (€)
TD YC) idl ie ep 24.0 5.00 Mee |S lvailcarne = Saag see poe eee 11.0 | 6.00 8.0
iPaviok Bay sates te se see ae ¢ 27.0 9.00 9.0 | PD) Ones ee te BRE Tos 36.0 | 13.00 16.0
GUS AGO AS Sa ee ae 25.0 8.00 6.0 1D Oe Re ee ee See 27.0 11.00 8.0
AD Oise se | ee ees oe 23.5 7.50 DLO et eUOLINe ee Ohare. okt Senet es 36.0 16.00 20.0
MD) One ee re Le 1 ee a 20.0 6. 50 3-0 | HY GRAM eee et RN 3 38.0 17.00 22.0
LD Oe aas s a ceaeeae e OL 23-0 7.75 Fad |
a In the stomach of the 155-pound example were found Cancer antennarius, fragments of clam shells, backbone ofa fish and
a large stone with partly digested barnacles on it. The brain with part of the skull of this example was saved; the brain
was very small, no larger than 4 peas.
6 The stomach of another example (from Cleveland Passage) contained 2 pollocks ( Theragra chalcogramma) , 2 anemones,
and alot ofgravel. Another (Pavlof Bay) had a Ceratocottus dicerausinitsstomach. Onecaught at Killisnoo (the 75-pound
example) had about 6 large crabs in its stomach, and another from the same place contained a Ceratocottus diceraus.
ceStomach contained head of an Enophrys bison.
d Six large crabs in stomach.
e About 200.
In addition to the examples caught a few were seen swimming about at Uyak. Mr. John N. Cobb
reports having seen and helped weigh at Juneau in the summer of 1904 a 365-pound halibut.
352 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
The halibut has been recorded (Bean 1880) from Port Althorp; Chugachik, Cook Inlet; off
Marmot Island, and St. Paul, Kodiak. Bean (1882), Unalaska; St. Michael and Sitka as Hippoglossus
vulgaris. Gilbert (1895), from all the Cod Banks and at stations 3218, 3230, 3238, and 3239. Turner
(1886), St. Michael and Attu as Hippoglossus vulgaris. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), St. Paul, Unga,
Unalaska, and Karluk. Scofield (1899), Chignik Bay.
272. Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert).
The collection contains 48 specimens 2.5 to 9.25 inches long, collected at-stations 2870, 4191, 4194,
4197, 4223, 4226, and near Seattle. It was also seen or taken at stations 4219, 4223, 4233, 4243, 4250. All
of these stations are off southeastern Alaska or British Columbia. The species was not seen north of
Wrangell.
273. Eopsetta jordani (Lockington).
The collection contains two examples, no. 2097, a specimen 19 inches long collected at hydrographic
station 3373 off Alaska, 1893, N. 54° 51’, W. 164°, 27’; and no. 2106, a specimen 16.5 inches long collected
off Cape Flattery, no date.
The species is recorded from Unalaska (Townsend 1887) as Hippoglossoides jordant.
274. Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert.
We have 91 specimens varying from 2 to 15 inches in length and dredged at the following stations:
2870, 3460, 3600, 4214, 4215, 4218 to 4220, 4223, 4226, 4234, 4243, 4254, 4255, 4268 to 4272, 4274, 4275, 4278.
4280, 4281 to 4283, 4285 to 4288, 4292, 4295, and 4296. These stations extend from off Port Townsend
(4214) to Bering Sea.
Fig. 134.—Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert.
h
The species was also seen at stations 4224, 4233, 4242, 4248, 4249, 4250, and 4256.
The following is a color note on a specimen dredged at station 4244: Light rusty or grayish, with a few
blackish blotches, 1 at base of caudal peduncle plainest; fins light, much blotched with black; anal 65.
The young are much slenderer than large examples; one specimen 3.25 inches long had a depth of
3.75 inlength. This species has the nostril in a somewhat conspicuous tube. Inaspecimen from station
4223 the scales are smooth, not rough on middle of eyed side. In this character there seem to be consid-
erable differences, though not any constant enough to make different species.
H. classodon has also been recorded (Bean 1882) from St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor, Shu-
magins; Hiuliuk; Unalaska; and St. Michael. Gilbert (1895), from many stations north and south of
the Aleutian Islands and in Bristol Bay. Jordan & Gilbert (1899), off Karluk. ,
3538
THE FISHES OF ALASKA.
275. Psettichthys melanostictus Girard.
hes long, collected off Cape Flattery, at Seattle
Inc
schyra (Jordan & Gilbert)
ischyra (Jordan & Gilbert).
Fig. 136.—Inopsetta i
277. Inopsetta
278. Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington).
B. B. F. 1906—23
tains 7 specimens, 6.25 to 15
The collection con
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We have 4 specimens, 10.5 to 12 inches long, collected at Seattle and stations 2869, 4276, and 4297.
Recorded from Unalaska (Nelson 1887).
3504 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
279. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres).
This flounder is widely distributed. It takes the hook readily and was frequently taken over the
rail. It was also frequently seen in the salmon traps and many were seined. Seventy-eight specimens,
ranging in length from 2.25 to 17 inches, were secured, being taken at Marrowstone Point; Cordova Bay;
Dundas Bay; Funter Bay; Hunters Bay; Ketchikan; Tongass Harbor; Sitka; New Morzhovoi; Akutan
Bay; Agattu Island; Attu Island; Yakutat; Isanotski (Issannakh) Strait; Karluk; Unalaska; and stations
3598 (Bering Sea), 4193, 4212, 4219, 4262, 4268, 4269, 4272, 4273, 4277, and 4278.
MY, Sy Aye
Fig. 137.—Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres).
It has also been recorded (Bean 1882) from Sitka; Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay
and Port Chatham, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; Humboldt Harbor and Popoff Straits, Shumagins;
Iliuliuk and Nateekin Bay, Unalaska; Nazan Bay, Atka; Chichagof Harbor, Attu; St. Paul Island.
Gilbert (1895) took it abundantly at Unalaska and Chernofski harbors, at Herendeen Bay and Hage-
meister Island, and at 58 different stationsin Bristol Bay. St. Paul Island, and station 3637, off St. George,
and Unalaska (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Chignik Bay (Scofield 1899).
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Fic. 138.—Limanda aspera (Pallas).
280. Limanda aspera (Pallas).
Taken at Pyramid Harbor; Cordova Bay; Karta Bay; Yakutat Bay; Shumagin Islands; and stations
3781 (off Kamchatka) and 4269. Five specimens preserved, ranging in length from 1.75 to 15 inches.
The specimen from off Kamchatka is 15 inches long and agrees fairly well with current descriptions of
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 355
the species, but differs in having the opercle and preopercle scaled and not naked below; the gillrakers
are stout and short, about the length of pupil; caudal is truncate.
Recorded (Bean 1882), from Sitka; St. Paul, Kodiak Island; Humboldt Harbor, Shumagins. Bean
(1884), Wrangell and Tongass. Gilbert (1895) took it in abundance at Herendeen Bay and at 24
different stations in Bristol Bay. Townsend (1887), Kotzebue Sound.
2 ee ee =o
eee eee
ee pears
Fic. 139.-Limanda proboscidea Gilbert.
281. Limanda proboscidea Gilbert.
Originally described by Gilbert (1895) from stations 3239, 3240, and 3248 in Bristol Bay, and from
Herendeen Bay.
Fig. 140.—Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas.
282. Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas.
Eight specimens, 3.5 to 15 inches long, taken at Sand Point, Snug Harbor, New Morzhovoi, and
station 4287. Recorded by Gilbert (1895) as abundant at Chernofski Harbor and Herendeen Bay, and
at stations 3240, 3244, 3251, and 3252, Bristol Bay. Chignik Bay and Port Clarence (Scofield 1899.)
356 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU -OF FISHERIES.
283. Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas).
We have 4 specimens, 6.75 to 9 inches long, collected by the Albatross on the Asiatic coast at
Pertopaulski and Tareinski harbors (1900).
The species has been recorded from Hotham Inlet and Chamisso Island, Kotzebue Sound (Bean
1882). Unalaska and Attu islands and St. Michael (Turner 1886). St. Michael (Nelson 1887).
Port Clarence (Scofield 1899). Mouth of Naknek and Nushagak rivers, and at station 3232 in Bristol
Bay (Gilbert 1895).
oy aes
Fig. 141.—Liopsetta glacialis (Pallas).
284. Platichthys stellatus (Pallas).
This is apparently the most abundant and widely distributed flounder in Alaska, many large examples
being frequently taken in salmon traps. We have 41 examples, ranging in length from 0.5 to 11.25 inches,
Fic. 142.—Platichthys stellatus (Pallas).
taken at various places along the coast from Cape Flattery northward to the Alaskan peninsula and across
to Kamchatka. The following localities are represented: Cape Flattery; Gabriola Island; Kilisut Harbor;
Tribune Bay; Marrowstone Point; Mink Arm; Loring; Yes Bay; Helm Bay; Yakutat; Karluk; Nushagak;
Unalaska; Petropaulski; and Tareinski Harbor.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 857
The two smallest specimens, those from Marrowstone Point, agree with the others in fin count, but
differ somewhat in color, which is brown and mottled and flecked with white; a row of the white spots at
bases of dorsal and anal more distinct than others. In the small specimens stellate prickles are present
only along bases of dorsal and anal, with numerous pits, representing scales everywhere on body; in the
medium size the scales are just beginning to appear along sides of body; in the large ones they are well
developed all over the body.
Fig. 143.—Platichthys stellatus (Pallas).
This species has been recorded (Bean 1882), as Pleuronectes stellatus, from Sitka; Port Mulgrave,
Yakutat Bay; Chugachik Bay, Cook Inlet; St. Paul, Kodiak; [liuliuk, Unalaska; St. Michael; Ander-
son River and Hotham Inlet, Kotzebue Sound. St. Michael and Unalaska (Nelson 1887). Mouth of
the Nushagak River and stations 3229, 3235, 3239, 3240, and 3269, Bristol Bay (Gilbert, 1895). St. Paul;
Unalaska, and Karluk (Jordan & Gilbert 1899). Port Clarence (Scofield 1899).
285. Microstomus pacificus (Lockington).
_ Eleven specimens ranging in length from 7.75 to 21 inches were secured at Isanotski (Issannakh)
Strait, and stations 3447, 4230, 4233, 4234, 4264, 4293, 4296, and 4299. Most of these specimens are large
(16 to 20 inches), and the number of dorsal and anal rays is more (dorsal 107, anal 91) than is usually
given. The eye is slightly smaller, about 4 in head. The teeth in the lower jawrunfrom 16 to 20 and
not 10.
The species is also recorded from stations 3216 and 3333, Alaskan peninsula (Gilbert 1895).
286. Glyptocephalus zachirus (Lockington).
Thirty-six specimens, from 3 to 18 inches in length. This deep-water flounder was found to be quite
common all along the Alaskan coast, being taken at many stations between 4201, off Fort Rupert, Van-
couver Island, and 4287 in Uyak Bay. Many specimens were taken or observed at the following dredging
stations: 4201, 4219, 4221, 4223, 4224, 4226 4227, 4230, 4231, 4233, 4234, 4236, to 4238, 4243, 4246, 4248 to
A251, 4254, 4259, 4268 to 4270, 4272, 4283, 4287, 4296, and 4299. Recorded from Bering Sea and north
Pacific generally (Gilbert 1895). :
858 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
287. Citharichthys sordidus (Girard).
We have a single specimen, no. 1680, 10.25 inches long, collected at Kyska Island. June, 1894. This
extends the northern and western range of this species. It has not been recorded heretofore north of
British Columbia.
Fig. 144.—Citharichthys sordidus (Girard).
288. Citharichthys stigmeeus Jordan &Gilbert.
The collection contains 1 specimen 4 inches long collected by J. P. Todd, near Seattle, in 1903,
and 2 specimens, 3.75 to 4.25 inches long dredged at station 4219. |
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
In the following bibliography are given, in alphabetical order, the titles of all
papers dealing with the fish fauna of Alaska which we have been able to consult:
Bean, TARLETON H.
1879. On the occurrence of Sticheus punctatus (Fabr.) Kroyer, at St. Michaels, Alaska. Pro-
ceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 1, 1878 (1879), p. 279.
1880. On the occurrence of Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem., at Unalashka and St. Michaels, Alaska.
Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 1, 1879 (1880), p. 63-66.
1880. Description of a new fish from Alaska (Anarrhichas lepturus), with notes upon other species
of the genus Anarrhichas. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. 11, 1879 (1880), p. 212-218.
1880. Descriptions of some genera and species of Alaskan fishes. Proceedings U. 8. National
Museum, vol. 11, 1879 (1880), p. 353-359.
1882. Descriptions of new fishes from Alaska and Siberia. Proceedings U. 8. National Muséum,
vol. 1v, 1881 (1882), p. 144-159.
1882. A preliminary catalogue of the fishes of Alaskan and adjacent waters. Proceedings U. S.
National Museum, vol. 1v, 1881 (1882), p. 237-272.
1882. Notes on a collection of fishes made by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U.S. N., in British Columbia
and Southern Alaska, with descriptions of new species and a new genus (Delolepis). Pro-
ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. Iv, 1881 (1882), p. 463-474.
1883. Description of a new species of Alepidosaurus (A. xsculapius) from Alaska. Proceedings
U.S. National Museum, vol. v, 1882 (1883), p. 661-663.
1883. List. of fishes known to occur in the Arctic Ocean north of Bering Strait. From Cruise of
the Revenue Steamer Corwin in Alaska and the N. W. Arctic Ocean in 1881 (1883), p. 118-120,
2 pl. .
1884. Notes on a collection of fishes made in 1882 and 1883 by Capt. Henry E. Nichols, U. S. N.,
in Alaska and British Columbia, with a description of a new genus and species, Prionistius
macellus. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. v1, 1883 (1884), p. 353-61.
THE FISHES OF ALASKA. 359
Bean, TarLETON H.—Continued.
1885. Description of a new species of whitefish (Coregonus nelsoni) from Alaska. Proceedings
U.S. National Museum, vol. vu, 1884 (1885), p. 48.
1886. Description of a new species of Aspidophoroides (A. giinthert) from Alaska. Proceedings
U.S. National Museum, vol. vit, 1885 (1886), p. 74-75.
1887. The fishery resources and fishing grounds of Alaska. From The Fisheries and Fishery
Industries of the United States, section 11, p. 81-116, 1887.
1889. Description of Coregonus pusillus, a new species of whitefish from, Alaska. Proceedings
U. 8. National Museum, vol. x1, 1888 (1889), p. 526.
1890. The Alaska salmon and their allies. Transactions American Fisheries Society, 1890,
p. 49-66, pl. -vu.
1891. New fishes collected off the coast of Alaska and the adjacent region southward. Pro-
ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. x11, 1890 (1891), p. 37-45.
1895. Description of a new species of rockfish, Sebastichthys brevispinis, from Alaska. Proceedings
U. S. National Museum, vol. xvi1, 1894 (1895), p. 627-628.
Brean, TARLETON H., and Brean, Barton A.
1896. Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nikolai A. Grebnitski and Leonhard
Stejneger. Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. xix, 1897 (1896), p. 237-251.
1898. Note on Oxycottus acuticeps (Gilbert) from Sitka and Kadiak, Alaska. Proceedings U. S.
National Museum, vol. xx1, 1899 (1898), p. 655-656.
BEARDSLEE, L. A.
1883. The salmon and trout of Alaska, from Fishing with the fly, by Charles F. Orvis and A.
Nelson Cheney, 1883, p. 17-46.
Cort, E. D.
1873. A contribution to the ichthyology of Alaska. Proceedings American Philosophical Society,
1873, p. 24-32.
Dati, WiniiAM H.
1870. Alaska and its resources, p. I-x11+1-628, map and illustrations. Boston, 1870.
Extiott, HENRY W.
1882. Catalogue of the fishes of the Pribylov Group. From A Monograph of the seal-islands of
Alaska, by Henry W. Elliott, 1882, p. 136-137.
GARMAN, S.
1892. The Discoboli. Memoirs Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. xIv, no. 2, 1892, p. 1-96,
pl. I-XM.
GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY.
1889. Description of a new species of Bathymaster (B. jordani) from Puget Sound and Alaska.
Proceedings U. 8. National Museum, vol. x1, 1888 (1889), p. 554.
1895. The ichthyological collections of the Steamer Albatross during the years 1890 and 1891.
Report U. 8. Fish Commission 1893 (1895), p. 393-476, pl. 20-35.
GILL, THEODORE.
1882. Bibliography of the fishes of the Pacific coast of the United States to the end of 1879. Bul-
letin U. S. National Museum No. 11, 1882, p. 1-73.
HaLiock, CHARLES.
1877. The Sportsman’s Gazetteer and General Guide, p. 1-688, New York, 1877.
JorDAN, Davin Starr, and EVERMANN, BARTON WARREN.
1896-1900. Fishes of North and Middle America, being Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 47,
pt. rv, 1896-1900, p. 1-3313, pl. r-cccxcn.
1904. Preliminary Report of the Alaska Salmon Commission. Document No. 477, House of Repre-
sentatives, 58th Congress, 2d session.
JorDAN, Davip STARR, and GILBERT, CHARLES HENRY.
1899. The fishes of Bering Sea. From Report on the Fur-Seal Investigations, 1896-97, part 3
(1899), p. 433-492, pl. x~iI-LxxXxv.
1883. Synopsis of the fishes of North America, being Bulletin No. 16 of the U. 8S. National Museum,
1882 (1883).
360 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
LocsincTon, W. N.
1881. Description of a new fish from Alaska (Uranidea microstoma). Proceedings U. S. National
Museum, vol. mi, 1880 (1881), p. 58-59.
Moser, JEFFERSON F.
1902. Alaska salmon investigations in 1900 and 1901. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xx1,
1901 (1902), p. 173-398.
1899. The salmon and salmon fisheries of Alaska. Report of the operations of the United States
Fish Commission Steamer Albatross for the year ending June 30, 1898. Bulletin U. S. Fish
Commission, vol. xvm1, 1898 (1899), p. 1-178.
Movurpocg, JoHn.
1884. Fish and fishing at Point Barrow, Arctic Alaska. Transactions American Fish-Cultural
Association, 1884, p. 111-115.
1885. Natural History, Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska.
Fishes, p. 129-132.
Netson, Epwarp W.
1887. Field notes on Alaskan fishes, by Edward W. Nelson, with additional notes by Tarleton H.
Bean. From Report upon Natural History Collections made in Alaska between the years 1877
and 1881 by Edward W. Nelson, edited by Henry W. Henshaw (1887), p. 295-322, pl. xmi—xx1.
Oscoop, WuFReD H.
1901. Natural history of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. From North American
Fauna, no. 21, Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, 1901, p. 20.
RutTer, CLOUDSLEY.
1899. Notes on a collection of tide-pool fishes from Kadiak Island in Alaska. Bulletin U. S. Fish
Commission, vol. xv, 1898 (1899), p. 189-192, 1 text-figure.
ScoFIELD, Norman BisnHop.
1899. List of fishes obtained in the waters of Arctic Alaska. From Report on Fur-Seal Investiga-
tions 1896-97, part 3 (1899), p. 493-509.
Ssorn, Hucx M.
1904. A new cottoid fish irom Bering Sea. Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, vol.
xvii, Dec. 27, 1904, p. 163-164.
TOWNSEND, CHARLES H.
1887. Notes on the natural history and ethnology of northern Alaska. From Report of. the Cruise
of the Revenue Marine Steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in the year 1885 (1887), by Captain
M. A. Healy, U. S. R. M., Commander, p. 95-96, two plates.
True, F. W.
1889. Statement regarding the natural history specimens collected by the Corwin. From Report
of the Cruise of the Revenue Marine Steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in the year 1884 (1889),
by Captain M. A. Healy, U. 8. R. M., Commander, p. 127.
Turner, L. M.
1886. Researches in Alaska, pt. tv, Fishes. From Contributions to the Natural History oi Alaska,
Results of investigations made chiefly in the Yukon District and the Aleutian Islands; con-
ducted under the auspices of the Signal Service, United States Army, extending from res
1874, to August, 1881 (1886), p. 87-113, plates 1-15.
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INDEX.
Names of new species are printed in bold-face type, synonyms in italics.
Page.
UO NIS SUC OVA MGA Ny tes) Were ian Cece Mey, 31 wrens <A DIE 230
CLOTH UCAS SICOTOH OS esos Oe Ce ety oe Dee ees Semen fee 228
ACOMNOCOLIUS, DROFUNAOTUM ==. 5452.25.52 2a eee 315
SS VLAK OF Ste ted oe Nee OS soa recat VN ea 317
ACIPEHSERMeCITOSHEIS: 2. 2 4485.8 ee eee 231
PAG IMELISCI Cicer eee gone abil os as eee Sas Dee So 231
HeIpenserimus, POG OTMECUISe nec ace seco eos eee ace: 328
ACKOLS MICH MACHOUNUSES 25 ease ts se es moet meee Sek 2 350
ACULICE DS MDleMMICOLUEUS 2 2259.5 5+ sesces Fees te ee 321, 324
OVC G COURS Re Se serre ne Bet iy, Benge Sey staat tare 332
(OUP SORTS Ste Medes SRO Cee eter eaters ee ay ae eae is 322
Bsculapiis melas VO dU Ses ss sees eee ae es eta eee tcl 271
ASCISSVAlL VIGO as SA ao ada eG Sele ars eer arts 330
agence a hus) CymavOPasvelace ce --2 552 acces eene. sees eee = 276
EAS ONGC ears a ets See Ie eee cine eae rans tae see cre Men in 327
pbinxe: ia NGI SIN a reese MUL ae oe eet eee ct et pieces Wp aR ae 328
BU SGENADRY, AEC ONO uk seca cereddamene codineacedus 235
Sebastolopusecean. Saree sees sae eee Ree oS 279
EXCeMO ChITUSeee eee oe coe eae Meat aan 3 330
PAAISKay CO Clete aa aoe ee ine Be pste een Tene ene othr 348
CHEN GOATEROUL 2 ae fers ieee sees eee ee a a 258
LHTUS GU SNS Bt aries Neg ce ey A I es ees rea 219
TAN NI Persea hate ee conse ay yale fares eae ec aes 266
PTO CMU ya ae ete Mel shabe, cra eS rare ae een esha an 293
MollOckise ss us oPe aaa ore Gomer au ae eens = betel 346
IRZN Lol OXON AOROWNG ore ome aee ce Eee ane es eee 261
Ailbatrossia pectOraliisy 2. weno eee geese ee seek 349
Al AUROSSIS: <OSMMECTUIS Ses se, eis eC ee ode ee 269
AlSUPEMSIS wy CONCCECS Ease e Mam cm se nes hee Noe) 341
aleutianus, Sebastodes..-..- i Naat Saber EN Cee 284
MUST rre EUR) eters ae ee et SUR ea eat Sree 230
MSwUUC US HC OL GUS eee mae te Sete ye elem ee or et nce Sete 308
ANIME COMUERUSIa = Woe a eis we See eS as Sa emma 316
Alosa sapidissima.-.....-.....-.- PRS ele eee Se 234
NOTE MSH AS COAST O GIES Sys ee cee os Sep ee eee ce ea 283
Alibivelist Seb asvuOlO DUG e ete. layne deere sce see eee eee 280
OE EOMUSS AL MMOCMUCS Ska eam ceteeaapcsoaeusbeeee 275
SETCAIUUGIU DU CIRUU Seer = Ae oes epee ee = ree ee 325
PAM IN OU LE Sta CMUCTIE COU Sis mre ie sas = rae eee re See: 275
DOES OWT Si eis. ae peter Sr ee ee yee wie eee yaa 275
PACINO CeyGIC coats. Peewee Hele cee eee ce acne s a)areieed pre at 275
PAs ele Gu dicey ere wees ester 9 We olor se ese eects 342
Anarinichasie pulses cvesee ioc ccc 2 5 Cano ccseelsae wee 342
INT ANERS SVOEI EN ESSERE Sa Siem ge re) Nt a oe agen Pi eS ae 228
cuieagillebileys ILiwbany eal. Gan daemon ee eer eras eee heoosoce ce 340
NIMOTOMENAGAUDIS, ENERO OWN OUMEUISS As Fe ool ee sec ote Sees see 338
ARO PlOpPOMlar LuMMOTLA sot (5 1. EY cee ree eee Pee 290
ATO MIOP OMANI ceases cee ieee Men ees eka sea ae 290
AMGEN ALT U Se © ANCOM AS se oe ana ie es eee we ee 3051
Ae MOKA, MMCKOle PIS =e. oe cree ela Bet Soa os 349
ADOGICMU IY SHA MIGUS = 5% 62 2 Sane Coes Sateen eae 336
IN TEEN OSI OOS) Wie pantera cere sae a a eS hope ae eee Base 269
Page
ATCLOSCOMUS JAPONICUS sno) .e aise. oe ees: wl ee 335
POS CIMINO As We septs etree a Pe | NCSA Mas 267
ETO NOS OMS Rall ASC ATU mee eee en min ea eee 235
EDR) tee) es Na net ay Rs ears ele nel PR Une 235
TU CCUG eset ec. Maeno eco ge bee 235
DUISUNICT SAS etry ees eee ou Se Us etek 235
ANOS ORI), IDenoneNOMnHONIS. .- = s52b5eq55esccngneadaee 279
AMA GUS MC MLOCOULUS Eas ee) ee ye | ee Be 320
ATCO SUM OLOS PD OLOUUS heey Me Sieve oR elt Bee 298
Artediellus pacificus.......... aA AAU seen a Swe hemes 299
ASML C Ob GUS Mami seunee eee Bee eens BU -denieedh Sc mite 306
JB ECARON OM ROM MOIS ats Pao Ae Le Se, eran ae ean 294
STOUT sales la A ete, Peete yen Hoarty CM AN ee Dai 354
EASDICODHOLOIGeSOAMTOMns. Gee 22 ans. sce ksh cosa 330
SOCIO age ae emesis de oY SKS, Oe 330
OYE MODUL S| ree eg ee ete ae aor TON Sa 330
USO Ve MAS EVA CUTAN UT Sie see cea een ie PRM cae 301
IASON YES TOME SE GANS 25 lo oe aie Ge eee. ae 298
PAMEMETESEMES) SU OMMIAS Gan seen eee ee BI ico Si aoe TS 350
ARTES WOME 16) 12108) VA, es eee ee ene ngs Slee 3 a Re ee 290
PACU Kall Snare adeiear ia ne ee Cer orem Vl Beas ag 290
JEN oN aw OH EKG) ASH OVEN CIS ee Oe nts Aeros Cate ee eat oes Sn ap eenen 234
ATO UM OUIES US w ALT OAC INU S i = eee ee eee ee 338
VACUO dol yanyGl OU iz om eae ys in teeta pape cae ae ne Oe er 275
Auloninymehus flawidis 222-2025 45a Se tee covet 275
CEM UI STEW al fs Oy OLS) FIR heap ety call arene alk RES a ee SIG el 227
KURO Ge, LOAD SAD DONS 8 Bo rs ese SUR UNG Fie Vito Vs Sl 231
ISIC OCSE CIETY Sites a2 an ceva) Ae ge gry 287
JSVCERDINGOIS CUMING wisn os Sascetsovasesct bes eudaede 329
NEVO CO DiMA SATU te ie UY ie ON Sle Sey (ee epee Nagel ta 232
CU OTES St CLOULU Sie ots 2 ie Se eu ep ee tees dot et Oley
ME OD. COLE OOEN OI Aes eer ebc ao coco Seen amae 313
loarbata: Dalila sina: seco h ce> ale aaalaemelg eoe 328
SU AG ON USM janie aut Mes ce ep ee Moers). 328
ansboralaiten ol ina Olino aes ee ee ee ee 334
DAU, VASTONCIOONOHONCES on hes sbcacessabcasecces len 330
IS AUTO AAOMULIS IAN AAAGONAANS 55 ee Gee aennosaeebeescolsboce 329
OBITS. ISUISIMOLOMBACOUIS 5 445 ogeadeecscsoceemesnane 231
IBeh ool yEVeAOlS) KOSS Soe AM otaec cee k gcse cag aaeesee 270
JROMOVIVISICT: FOMOUUDD sos a by2dauesueseseseekss soocweaaee 334
ST STTT ANE UIS Sate ics We ie epee alaeu a es ion 334
Berrian asverides eae. foe ho eee ON.) 334
IBen ta OOONCNG On. Quem taaleae ner oHee tone coats eae eee ee 335
cara ear eA ON) SUE Beare nn Ss ote Se ee eye thou oe 301
Jclidimeny CObbUGR ee eee. Bea ee rie oe dae 309
IBYEDE ONO S cat eco ts eh oer Se eat eee ei Cho ee 275
Hon Oastal Sole US ea ret et Ne te ees rs ee ee ha ey 300
BiedCalitormilay Sheaves creer ae ee ee eee ae 229
illimentayWwepidopsetia a sees =. eee] eae aes sae 354
OMOCWS;, ISUCTSIUS Sek Soto sy eeU aac mane asa escets ae 324
JEUISTHOCO UO Bee Biame ace men eens ka ee ear 324
binoculara vay cee ts ses Se ewe eer Ee ie Bere eels 229
Iv
Hewmagrammaes 57067. <= 5 Soe OE ee
Hippogiossoides elassodon -_- .....--..----------+-+-----
SOT, 6 Se el
Hippogiossus hipporiossis .. -..._ -.-2-.-=---=---<--.--
ef Spe EEE SN SI ck eM ey LTE LS
hippoglossus, Hippoglossus- - ---- eee eee t= Ve Se
Histiobranchas hathybims . - .. ..-.--_-=_2----.-=2-2=---
HisGocottus bilobus -- --_.-...--..--- Re ee
holamelas”Pamraliparis. .. .-~ 2. --- =e ee ee
hudtonius Caiosiomms... .-......:----* ee
humilis, Gallas 22.2 -222-50. <2. 2 a eee
Humpback salmom.- © 2.5... 5.25042. 2 Spee SS
Hydrolagus colltei.~ <--->: -_. 2... eee eee
Hypomesus ollidtus. - . 025200 222252 te Se
Press Ses ek ee eee
Hypsagonus quadncomis- ._._-...-..-+.--.-.5.----...
iecimuns bortalas.. (08 38 2 eee
isclepis, Isaperiia.-- 2. 20 552525 Gs ae eee
Tsopseiis: ealeges. ose ee ee mee
jaok Myoxocephalas.~ . 2222.5 sce eee
japonicus, Anctoseopmis-_—_ = -.-—2--2-- 25-255 -
jordani, Bathhymaster.. ..._- =. 2-22-25 sse 5 eee
geuvdonts, Hgurodlers 52st eee Sa
kenmeotn, Corsmomms. 00 2.0 a ee eee
Kennicott’s whitefish --_-.----...-- genre ee. 2
lagocephalus, Hexagrammos.---_-----..--=--.----------
[Pn ee i ee ere Bee neem
INDEX. <
Page. Page.
293 | Leptocottus anmatas...--_.-.-....---2.. 2222222. 320
294 | leptorhynchms, Sarritor.___._._-..__.___._-_.______.._- 329
295 | leptarus, Anarhichas._...........2_- 4.22.02. o252 25. 3422
234 | Lethrotremus mutiens....._2..-- ee 331
352 | lencopsarum, Nannobrachium._______._.___.__________ 270
3o2 | Leuroglossus siilbims...-- - --..-_ 2 2-5 fee a 2 270
aol | famamia aspers ... 22 2+ 95. 5 eee 554
saz | prohosendes <0 6.252 eee 355
Seek) > Ean oe oe oe a ee ee 349
2a) |: Taopmettea pleetalin - oy | oo- - 0 ae ee ee 356
aod): Eapempeledee: 6922 8s We UE ot Ce a ee ee ee 331
oo4 | Lagaives appabedegi- 20) 2-5 2.2 eee ee 333
231 cnn. 222 2222 es ee 332
312 Eymlopun <= 8 8 ee eee 332
236 | eyeloniagamal ee 333
230 | PL ee (| ete Se eee epee eats ta ol RDN 3a2
270 | ag = i Cn ere Meee Mea Mums tee Te 333
269 Ineerecheiinegss 508 oo 08. 3 ee 333
327 pnigheline: 20 22 Ps Sa he ee eee 333
208 | Jonparestrus,. Lusmmpemis. -o.- = 02.) oo ee 34)
297 | longirostram, Catostomus ___-_--........-.----.-22 2222. 231
28) pp onineed pier’ =< 3 = 2 Se ea ere 231
cana) > Saget: renin 2 22 ot ee ee ee eee 303
a} eta moamilasa¢ oe ee ee ee 349
a | yucasi, Ceratocolims ._.._----_.----2--2205---2-2--5-- 305
a0 | lucidus, Argyrosomus--___.-....-------.=.----.5_1 235
00} Anes, Kens. 22.2) Fe ee eee 273
300 | lugubris, Melamphaes ._- ~~~. --..--...----.------------- Zia
236 | Plorinwmniis 2s 22 oe eee 275
S30): | Gantnp samples ©" 7 6s ns eee eee 330
353 | Lamipenis anpuillariss:= 22 2.1202 eS ee 340
286 EF oc | eee Meee He Hip ae See Soak ce Se 340
260 lonpirasiras =. 2° > Sa eee ee 340
303 MmsGka yi: ose eee eee 340
353 WYMCMT NIMS 2s ee ee 339
ans | Lyaisens Crotalinees” |. 2.20215. ee ee 322
aos | Jyoodalepis tammens 20> 5. Sos. =o ae ee 344
al!) “Legpedapodsdiae 7 =. oe ent ee 345
aco. ayeodageas extenmms. 22020062252: oo eae 345
334 fiewanier. 2200 cog See eo Rt eee Se ee eee 345
352 PATVICCDS 22~ ¢ 2c2 ee ee 345
203.) iayeniios brevipes 222. 22a ee eee 343
352 CO CERREME § 20 BIS Tee Rae aa Saar a es ee 344
334 Gqnemoer? = 2-23 ee ee Sh
343 (HOTETES - SS 3s oe ee ee 34:
234 dipita ten ee a ee eee ees 32
234 GORMAN: Son a oe cee es ee nee
242 palears 225222205 re ee 342,343
244 PTMOTE She ee ee ee 344
259 | Dycodopesis crotammus.- .— --..--=252.------.2-2 422 2- 32
295 pectin. - 2 3S lo eee eee 32
263 | (yeonectes aleutensis -_- ~~... =. -.-------2---+- 2-2-4. -=« 34]
270) Layopaebia Gx soo. So sob a 352
227 | Macdonaldia challenperi..---_-.---.-.---.-_-----.---1..: 271
224 | macellus, Prionistaus _. =... - -...-.--_..---+.---44-24-- 302
221 | mackayi, Lanupemus-..-..-.--:----+----.--.-2-.- 340
278 | mackensi, Stenodus .--..-_-.---+-2--.-.-- 2225-3 ks 236
a15'|: Mackerel: Atha. 222% . 22. ose sen ee ee ee 230
330 | macouni, Chanliodus-..--__-...-......-------1-..----.._. 2a1
298 | macrocephalus, Gadus -___..._-_.._-_.._--_--+_4.------ 348
206' | Maprouvaiise >. boo 20s 2 2 ee ee eee 349
275 | Marrounis actolegs: .- ~~ .222- 253-32 -3-2 eeee 3350
235 Ginexes = 5 oe 0 8 oe eee 350
235 | maculatus, Leptoclinus-- -...---..--2--_------+-------- 339
245 | mactions, Lote. 2. . 2202 -6.5< cic. aces eee ee 3439
354 | maculosas, Oligoeottus. _..___....-.---2.2-----.+.-.--- 320
340 | mzandricus, Caulamehus--........---..-.-.--.---..--- 336
239 | Malacocottus zosmus:~ 22. ~..--. 2-2-5 --2- eee 316
INDEX. V
Page. Page.
maliger, Sebastichthys......c.¢ Daccin Dee Re mee eaiece ate 289 | enierocinevus SeWAStOGES: 2... e206 oo eds cee nc cee tee 289
SE Das HOGese aes. ciara Saisie inlceumeisicec cetiewpaciea's ASeral MORE MERMYSICKON secs. Jado shir Seis. ose s ogee oe cees Ss 231
Manito GUsiaallOSU Se cioe owieninae eens nm oa ecnsniicieninescalaa Maron RINT CUA Cen On| ae me ee a ee 271
DTN Ae a Ve LTA eee eerain ee ervare ereierieieral etc le Uemura Odell INOLOGRMMUNVES NOTITOCKUS. oe oad ce se ote clad aces ce ceeee 341
TITAN OMA Ay MLC: acl, Sei ieee ee Srarete ee tewte Siena eisterateroe S2IM | MOLOS PL OUUS WALCO IU Siaeterars te oo = os oe es Seneca dee 298
MAT MOLAGUS, eM LE PLELUSE .o-eceee scien cca csateen LOLO || MUOUAS, WC DCOOLENNIUS — =. 6 0c. cee- cee Sates tec ecdeae 340
OREO OS aN GUE A ODUONAS Os Bacino SHE BCAD ER MOCOGE DORE DO SHOOE oli he © CCAnMOCeCACURO NSS 5.4 rac teicn aon cals aaa eee ee 328
NEAL COM USUI RR see octeee eich cielara ein aiziseye gee ens S414e OCela bus, OPIsvMOCeMbtUS 4-4 20-ss2.5..2--5 25 7020S -Se aoe 339
MediTOStris wACIMENSOte aos clos Se see acces Neweeeceeeaee Zain || OCLOSTAmMMUS exAeTAMMOS... 05. cheeses lee el ee 293
mMediis. uM pPEMUSH > SSS ck eo we asia wtosliesloceic ew nce Sao | OCULOSO SCALES, NOUMMONUNYS= + 22-55-2250 ee ceee es lak 325
Mecalocotttisiatice ps: <i.cstscccecs mo ccacsee ce sucleaiiere Soe O CONbtOD YARIS RONAGUS see% Sneak eins 6 ke 329
OLNEY Cephalise Je eee ease ene eee ce 314 RES OUMOS Wises sates een Re and SCE ho 330
MVICLOM PE CESUUGUOTUS on ok a alae ana Sheree See HOP OUCUIS ME POMESUS eas oe oe ae Age os ele oe Uae: 270
melaMmopssy SCbashOdess wa ssee oe epee] eee senleae PA SON |) OULGOCOUMUNAGULUCE DS aa == eam aac ear oe eee terse ae 322
mMmelanosbichis, “esebtichthy Sis. a+ --cecee--c-ececincs es cme 353 OMKODUGE DOS re Bre Oons Set yg aes eee a aes oe 322
Melanostigmarpammelass.-— > san. sane seems emis ewes 345 THACULOSUSE At ee See eae eee ate See ee 320
Mellegesap ap Ullor sare cee foc Fo tee of Soe me cae cea oeeeets Sls") Oncocottis NEXACOLMIS: 9: .oeeS loses deet Seeds 0 seee 317
MIEKA COLEEOMUS se aU cesar Sces Sas Smear mie eerste 235 GUMAIGERT COMMIS eerie ie ane ee en er. eo et 317
Meri C Elda a se Bee Ske Oe, Wickets Sisals Sniaae eticee an eeecee Sdn OncOrhvme hts) Son OUSC Maj == saat cs see oe 236
Menlucciis pnoducbusees: x-< sens cece eeereece ese saseee 345 LEGER ETE Speen Ebene s RRS Er JE SR 242
MUGTOCE DNAS G ASECTOSICUS: ace ashing ce ceisiee claeleistea cieeee 273 DESTUS ROT S(O) age Sa a SS CaS el Ps ar mg 249
SOM! OSUS He wee sre = So Re Ree at eee eeare 228 LOKSU AC yee, Ae aire ne Palin SUNS ec. WR EE a Rear 252
MmNcrodons Cyclotwmone.s205. 24 cecieeee emcees cee nee ne 271 usclawnaybsChap ss Sees ere en a ae 244
MICrO SACUISTONORUIMUISE oo aos < Soe ence eeloec mise eee SA o45n| AOPMIOdONelOnNSAvUS .-. sek eas homme eta ds Bock cee 295
IMICTOLEMISHPATNGLIMO PA 5. Nec se eer relo de BeOS EE Se a194| Opisthocentrus-ocellatus: .0.-. 22-22... ~~. ot Sones 2 339
ANUCTOSCOMGMORGNIOUD, src= a2 isn cise sisealoaekies sees os JOSm le Oranose-redenockeisie es see paren Sh yee es 8 boa 287
IMC nO Storie re ee eee keh seek cs Shee el Sc elem etaree ie ee oe Oe Ps OMAN SOMO C Klis hse Wo es oo ie Ee ek eo akon 284
MicrostomiuUspaciiCuseca. “9 -csccnseccsce reece cnate ce Solel LOLOIS, aE IMI CHOLUCMMUS i. i5= ee ges ae one ee see 3 , 330
Minytremius, Gytimichbthiy S22 2552 scenes -cieeccccese sec 334 | ordinatus, Heragrammos.......--.------+---+--+e-+++-+ 293
mitabiliss Cryscallrehthys* tas! Sesame sect esc ac Soom POMIULUS HMMA CMIOUCES ic = So. ee ese Ss eo bee sy 338
mollis B OGMTOCA LAr wee scwe ok emcees cioeneiens were ricrele 344 IBN ONIS Reet rs Sse aa ee ape eee = ys 338
monopteryeius, Pleurosrammus..-.:3-2-.2.sss.+----0- 2002 OSmenusrallisarOSSis <7. 65 00 Sos cme) Aotee eeeee se 4 ais 269
TonVOneid NOY, (CBKONUIS) 9S ks Sao Te CEPR EONS ea Ud aT 348 CLEC peepee ee Syarercte = ee SOMME ALS St 269
MANIC OSTMTs Oe lOM setae aes ae eee yee ee 339 GirailerehiphiyS eos ence sya eee oo ae aie 268
AU COSUS PXCUDINISTES =e acne ole TIRE Mere See enor te eae Stee 39 POSstembuUIme. CAaLephOCuUSin- sc, 425.5 etme: - 2-24 /se 333
MURLOCS, COMWGROGUSLET eine ene lo eee eae eee oe Solel OD COMUSHOUCUIICCDS aoc ese aeloe see ce 4 Ree a <eE ee 322
GUOLUEN USE Sa Se osetia nelmamcloeie Sea Seer Soe ala O XV ODMUSIGLUG Sse oo Re Sse ke oe eee eee oS 296
OTNQUUSI se Fe teean ages wis Ge ok sis eee aoe DIOMMPACINICHS PATECCOLE IMIS oaks. hae eke ee eee mre Ae ee 299
PUOCEEUNUUS ese ae oe ee Rie eae ASE 337 Wy COGODSIS= s <4 425-5225 Fetes Witte eee yh Sse 342
MUMUCUS AvetITOtLTEMIUS =. ros oe a ec ca sie see eee eee 331 IM CLOSOMMUSS eh. Secon eee armas sae coins 357
Mav eto p hid soe eau eos, see setae eee. eine emcee a one 270 Mialeiehit Wyse secs ce eee eee eee ee 268
Myoxecephalistmxllanises so 2-5 acceso. -caecc acne lessee SOM sPAleaisn MVC OUES 2s 2rzc at; tras asin oe as Sue eee 342, 343
CKO Rae ee eLearn er mee ae aaa Slee palais Clupea ae axe ha. ode enema cise See ee 232, 233
iO C22) sean Apc ee Rae eRe See or ae et Suse | rele ayes naa ai Pee eh: Ci acc eto os rafal Mae estar ceg ae ony eee 328
polyacanthocephalus...............- 310,319 DATED ATA Sas cee sere hee Seep ets 328
SUC ERs anaes ose Sone ot eee Aes SIs ee pammelashe Melanostiomia se 2.2. - aa. 5-- sees = a= 345
VELNUCOSUS Hi Gi ee ewe Nak + snc) Mere DIAM eempilMonm cet eSens 8. es sks Vere ee Le aes Soe 303
IMYSEMUS WSC WASLOUESS 2 Se Boece co wcikaire sesame Z25240| atadomtis: Pisyehroluites 2. se oss asce sh eee Bheldes sone 326
MAmMayCushy CrisbivOmMers 2 -ose ssmoscee cece s sce ec cee 26d eamalipanisicephalwS. jc hea. oe 2 sok eee eases oa oe 334
Nannobrachimmleucopsartiml.: 22. cs2sssecescc sas see: 2 270 Lavo Kovanve) Sy ease AL iene ye oa A a ge 334
MOTMMOCMIME roe eiyse cee acer ean 270 WieGlalie aaae ssc Sete oe ses Gee ates eee 334
nannochin INannobrachiuim: 22 25... cesta ese neeee es. ZUM parniieras hagas cue oa eta nas See Se ee 230
MODOMEY COM COLOSTONUUS oe ax a a a yale lates ater 2S lO ea rophiyseViebmlIs: 20s 2.2 ee wae ka Jeo See ee eae os 353
NGAI CHINGS OCUlOJASCIOLUS =< o a.c 5 os 2 oi eeasan oon S045) Ih jORNAACS) OS, AUN COC OUI pesec oe aeaeeeae ane Se oocn Sepeo aoe 345
INGLIS USI LIDILOVIUS sees sae ee cwicen bee ses ances. 325 2|P paucispimis (Sebastodes.s <-7 3.4: ). 62022 2245 shee tei 280
TAVAae DH eCSIMUSS = oS Neos wore oe oa ea wen weet as 347 | pectoralis, Albatrossia..-.- efeitos 2 349
PeVCUTOO GUUS a= crane Bese soe eeiaeais cereal ae ee ea 348 IDE SE Mascon CSE eases Sameer oS eee ae 271
MEDMLOSHSs SCMWASTOUMES= 2 cacid.oc cise cecnccticceeceeeneeeess 280) | apentacan thus seMenOChinisa:.o = 155 = aoe ete eS 6 330
INSECTS 55 AES ees eters ate ete eae Me em er QTD ECT CORO OTIC OULD Ss | xa ae ety tee aN Sees etre Rea ya (Soa 281
MelSOMin CONEZOMU Se = ea < hace Beecaceseeose ee cieeeseas Pe ays | EL ECIIRG) Ys) OVI TKO eis ea Soe ES EI ee 278
Nelsomakwiaite ish ers5 25 2 sin is she cee ce wiwseceteuingsces 235 VANALOALCOUWSo 3 dose sasnSeapeesc Sense onbo as ceeecedad 276
Nemichthyide...... Bee LC emma Phas 90 pan S282 WAIL SMINAIPSROUGS =) Oo fo. et setae snioih aoa eves 279
INeoliparisicallviodonls 5226 -sessccecceeies ceases see ae S32) personatus, pAmmMOd ybESe == 0 o- 5 = aie oae o's ere 275
TUDO TE St ed Sere hala weaned oa Re tera Lies Bolelli PeEnOMiy7OMiGee: ve eee oe ool eee te alee hcls|= = 7s sale 227
nerka. Oncorhynchus. 22-2 --eeeteseaaosececaocooecen 25 phasis Care prochuse i: 2 sacheekonch 2 nece< ease cee 333
TAG C1AC OLUU Sexson eRe actos ee Ae nee tae ac eee ese SI Sm eaholised OlleMOtaASteles ses. ase = soee= seas eee erie 337, 338
Myo xocep Hallsis sis. Sok suiSersmeselee be acisinis aeceeene 313 RAIS CLA GUIS mee reece tes Eee So he Sr eerie 337
MISTIPIMINIS, (BAGHYas ONS o.oo erwin nnininiejeis cio asa 329 Cee ee Oe Hane Bonn ose oe sre a ci 337
VI
Page. |
PROWS OrmabGs 222). tg Ss os oc ce eee ee 338
pictus, Oxylebis 7. . 2322-2 s.2 tee ose ee 296
pengels, Triglops .2 522. hone oe das Eos a SS ae ee 302
Pink Salmon). 325% 22% 4:5 Soo ig eee ee ee eee 23
pianizer, Sebastodes. 245/555 set ser oe aan ee ee 284
Pipelishes. 28 <0 2 ee Seen Sane ee ee 275
pistillizer, Gynmocanthus: 2 2. se See eee ae 319
Pisevougniiite 2020 eo ene 5 Se eS ee ee 271
Pieyodus 2:sculapis. 200.2522 20 ea ee ee 271
ponealisec ce fe 2h as Oe ee eee ee 271
Piatichthys stellatus: 2.5 2s... -as eee Rone eee 356
platycephalus; Mesalocottusts:. ee ee 314
Pleetromus enisticeps: 2222) s.222_ 2 ee ee 276
heer (Cie (ot eegaiitel Banker Pw oS hoe 0 St 275
PUCUTOGGHWS: NGUEGIE 35 8 oS Re aot ee ee ee 348
Pleurogrammus monopterygius...............--.----- 290
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus........-------------- 350
Stelaius 2:2 28 eS c= Stee ee ee 307
Pleunonechid z-c 2: ee ee ee hae os ee eae 350
Podothecus acipenserinus: 2.2.22" = Sb ae 328
LFISPINOSUS «o-oo 5 2 A ee eee ene 30
Pelistotrema deanti.2': 26) 22 ere eee 225
SHOU. . 22.0.3 SS See ee ee oer 28 225, 226
Pollachtus Chalcogrammus :....--= =< -+-225-2225522-5-- 347
Pollock: Alaska. 5. ose. 3 ee ee ee eee Poe 346
polyacanthocephalus, Myoxocephalus..........-.-..- 310, 319
polyactocephalus, Bryostemma...--....---.---:------- 336
Chirolonhus: <2 Ree eee 336
POTEGe 402 8 el eee se ye BS cata te eee ae ee ee 279
Porichiirys notaiws:.. = 3. <2). 2s ee a ee ee oe 335
Peroclinus TOUntTOCKs 7 A022 f cee ed re aS 339
Poroecebigas Dradioral. < - 2. 2 oe ee re 317
Quadrinlis: 3.06. 22 ete Bese oe ee ee enone 317
“21 Dat setae oe een a Se VE ae 317
pretwesus; Heyponesas. >So oe ee eae 269
PLpNO VIS NAUUISCHS Ss =o 2s ee 325
Poeily puuhead - 3 lee coe ee ee eee eee 306
Priqnisiigs macenus 2222-22) bk eo fh Sep eee eee 302
proposcides, timanda ss =o) eee ee ee Pee = 355
profundorum, Acanthocottus.......2-.22222 222222222. -- 315
ZG@SUIGCELAS : 222222 2S Seen oe ee ee oe 315
PRIPRETES Cy pscluris: 2." 2.5. 222 Se ee 300
prosumihs, Mieropamoss 2500000 C29 ee ees 347,348
Psettichthys melanostictus.................--- aoe git <8 353
Payearolutes paradoxus >: (2202-2. eco ee 326
ZOOTGE esse Se Nees See one ree 326
Pastichth yide: |. 2: eb Ue eee eee eee 342
Peieniliys GOOdEL 3 2 os 2 be, ee eee 342
pueeteuss, Chitonotus. 22 2.5 525585: ge ee ears 296
phichellus, Linaris.- 2202.2 ooo oe Bee eee 333
punetabus, Slichwus: =: . 22.452. 52- stot eee ie 341
Peepiaus, Pyeasteus.. 22. oS. leeks Si Sori eee ee 273
brachypoda, Pygostews .- 2-2-2222. 8-222 273
parpuiatis, aliio .-< Je ccc252c32 ses 2a ce ee 258
pusdin, Bovirecarn. - <2 ace sh 562s tees ee 344
Mayne: eee? aS oe tae be ee ee eee 344
PUsHInS (ATE yTOSUNIUSs 2 222i tae se peices soe eee 235
P¥ZOstens puisiis 2222 555-3 See eee ce 273
pungitius brachypod@ .....-.222222+.2-2.22 273
QUEAGTICOTINS, COUNG 252 255 S255 525 cry es ee 317
El ypssPonuss: 2. 222i sees eee 327
GREGCOTT HS: 2 25 o'k 2s) ae eae ee 317
Gwadrililis; Porocobtus:: 22225555. Ae ee eee 317
quadrilateralis, Coregonus. ..................-.-----2.- , 234
quadrituberculatus, Pleuronectes...................... 355
MSGS: 3255s ee seins es es tee ee ee 342
Pins, Sal: 5. ko ob as aoe panies ees eee 244
Badelinds appre: oo. se cose sh ee eee 301
INDEX.
Rainbow t0mt 7 too oS Gas Wee s 3. 5s nee
Raja abyssicolac 22 -o%.22- 22 =. eee! A wee
aBAGR) Sos Dee eR in tela ieee Se ae
[ose ste esti F-) 7: Reiners lagen yagi MORE ae. ad daha ae
COO PONG SE Se SS SR ee ee CRG Tae, Oe
PREMETe ht 2k os a a ee
Rasirinus Scibisers_ ice) eee ee See ee ees
dBi Csi 6 5 pet aa pie Raat CU deng ace! The eee
Rays aad skates y: 23 ee ce ee
Red aOck code .# 468 ly OSs a oe kee ee ee
Ram phOcochidey 24.2522 5555208 aes ee eee ee
Riaanphocottus ncwardsoat 19. 22. sae eee
The Bea jGs fo Cees a ee Se en
Rhinoliparis Dbarbuliier 26. ee eee See
richardsoni, _ Rhamphocottus—....-2.2 22.3)
Rocktrout5 222 se Fe A a eae eee ee
Roeekfisht black4 s25 322 5226.5 eee eee
black-banded2..¢.2vt ds 53252 ee
yellow-backed. o-325. =. -33--k eee
Ronquilds jordanit a. 6 es ee ee ae
TOMTOCKE, “NOWUGTATLIRUS aha 2 ee ee Se eee we ee oe
‘POrOChnWS 22322 * se oe 5 es eee
Tosacens,; Sebastodes 22) ah Ex Ss oa ee ee
Retind whitelishy. 4S ee See) ee ee eee
TUDE: SCOGSHCHINYS sen Soe ee =
PUBCTTUMNIUS UT ENOVIES 2 oo ss oe eae ee eee
Sebastodes?.. 5 22-2223. See oe ee
Trupestre; Kaphidiens.. =. {2 5532. sae Se ee ee
TUPCSUTVS; SCHASTUCHINY SS... 5 oa ae eee ee
SenasiGdes: 2225: Soe See oe eo
AA DM SUOT Soo oka ae oe ee oe ee
Trutiert\Neoliparis soos 3h Ae ee ee ee eee
saida, Boreogadus........-- EAE ae ae Ren ee a
Salmo Clarkia) 2oe525 32222 Soa BS So ee Be ee
PUL OSs oe 5 Pe tk eR SEU ee wt ee ees
Salmon, bluebaek. 2: 7 ss oh 7 eee ee
PalieGe 6c Ste eS ee Be ee ee
Salmonidee re oe ce eda scaeeeanc tee pete eee ee eee
Salmons: 25552. s2ek 2 bed eR oe ee ee
Salvelinws milaia: +22. 25. ..8s. hehe eee ee
Sand lances. 2 is25 52220252 tof chs eee ea
sapidissima, Alosa2: 2422222 2s s.ecseese ese nte eee
Sarritor {7penatus. 3. S22 ives eee eee ee eee ae
leptorhynehus: <2. os sack ls eee See
234
264
275
INDEX. Vil
Page Page.
SHxICOla, SGWAStOGes esate coco ocd «cacti wees oe 284 | Ssordidus, Citharichthys-....--.<.--- 4-: (ee ese 3a oe BOE 358
SCE TICS I elOD See sees as oben eeminis a ieee asap see =e 502ml e SPeCuTUmM CareprocbUsin. a. secs. se cisaee Serine is se sal 333
Seamaster as says 2 io Se Sa wae nao ae Ante ARs wie PROM SDUOtUS © ORbUSm ate mek cee ee she oe oe oe UA ee eye 309
SeanmonmetsShes: meee an ek asc taek ac ons cc eee ees sola OM SUN CIS MCCS ts eee sae cel ee ee eS eee te SS oe 300
Seti oninar OOO ie ere oe ee a ee ea cc ok Se ee ths Melee ees BLOM SPAWOSUS PE UMNCCTOUNCIMUS. a. «nae. see le sete oases ole 331
THEG | es en a a Ae <a RSS Se ee Soe ee 30) Heat eeSs CHULED Cl ce ee eee res ons hh a en SAAR Ue clause 228
SSCS TON NG eee re oat 2 te ere EE I Dee pe RAF anata DOGS CUMLUSIOCONGNIOS aoe eons se te tees So ee 228
RUGEGUT... LGR US ERE Se OLRM IESE D8 eae Bes Seah teat 300 | SPLEEN, 5 © las 2 ga els See ee See, See 228
AUS TEMS Mae ce eeheyan sae WR al cS epee 2 SOOM Mes uid eS Cabana ayers eee nee Nase sia oes eek 228
Sea=POaCherstereees: = sce cies keane ese smote So MSG UAINA RS OUEbIMN A ar 2 6 Sone yo cess Soe cides a atiee et. 228
SEEN Ta NSH ES is Ue eg IE et te fee, nen ee ts 3 lle [aS CUA sL ice eee eno Sere ogee Mh alee ewes eto 228
IS COMSECCERELUS CIUON a ae egress Sener ese eee OST almSueclhea Gd: Grombe. se secs oocs- RP et tr nk See aes Ae 260
TUL CTs = Se ee ARC ee a res Ae Le eet Ae 2S OR SSUES CM Ops) LablinONS: 22 55 ae 6 ane e) = oe eerie aero = = 298
PUOTLG EM ORCOUSIDINUS= «eee ans ea ere 28 e MShellaiis me vhieltOySi.2 seo et dae tack teas 356
TREGT En We Oe PSP Marie ge Sess tel 286 CIT OR CERES = em ahs ey OS Re ake 357
RUD OSUTISE 5 pte ene orale eetaeae ine SER 23a eSue ler SEUMeTOPIASS sc es-— = Sse eee ook oe. ee ee ss 292
Sebastodes aleutianus...........-....----- sea ETRE oe 284 SKA OTAMInLO Shee een ene 2 open ees 294
URGIIS sae ee eee SAS a ees See 283 MivioxOCeMHAlWiS ise eee See Re See eee 313
DEVAS PIII ater oe se et a te oe a aan e 282 LET CHO OT pee it nts 1 he Ne ce ane 335
CRDURUTO TSS Pee ces aly a eres as One ers Sed pee PRM SEC LLL OMS ICO fea Se cote a Sree Saat eet eu Sead ere tees aE 229
CCUHENOUTEY oll hes ees ES A ee at aa ea ae 28a MOLCMOCUSMMACKGMP I= os ae eee ers aes See ear se 236
TTA GUS Ae ertenk eee noe eats, MEMS SEE SIs SS LeErMAseXeNOSTELMUS Sic... a2. aoc ten es oe ot eee eee SS 302
OLEVIA x Fis? She Se tea hee pe ah ee Lal Ss BSTC | MSULG OE UISH OONU CEH SE ae See eae e nh Me nM wes Sa earn 341
phiploprodie se Mes sel ko eee Pion Sine baicicnar te 8 ot teat Sen we ee bey cel a7 273
AAT ROMS OTe eee ats oP MO head Ne ar Zeon SoM us CipWamChniihiySae Yo aeins sees aes 2 cece eee 398
0 OFE ESLER pee See eas a A UPR RR, QSSrileshiemiar Gyan Gls a, ke ee es ek ie aye 345
110(2) RENO OSE ae auashe SemueE ce Ee se eeeeac 2S POS0M | Sb DUIS MUCUTOSIOSSUSL 528-2 - eee eee eae a eee 270
TMS GUIMUIS teens sooo ee Oe ee Pete ome te RP al eSbOMUAS WA GMETESENES Cas ok bene oe see eee cae 350
TOYO] Ob UORNE IG) a ate te SO Cee ee are aac 289 SF EStOMbI sO OWSLOURCMINA 2 sce eee Aace toes oo een 225, 226
MIS TOCIMCUUS He: <n Shel ee el eh eee: PROM st DOr a COMMIS See o Ne. he Sect ae ane ees Soa 298
DAUICIS MOIS oe oe ears =o ere ey eee wee ce ore 280 MS uripedsUrti-nShins..s2ec ss. 2 5-22 ee en eee eee wes 278
(OvboWauRe Sie Ce ee ae Be Se ROS & pe Peale Saag DS Aa eS GUE CON SOTCOMe Sasson o* ce te At Pe seems. = 35.0 Lets 231
POSE CI Sean neon sinner ese nin een FORME SIT EEOC So see hee! Shhh ac ue ee eM dee 231
TID STUDS eee ee Se ees een Ae eae QS Geers SIMChb ey yer elareee h a ee maee ace a ae oe Se ees oe 269
PCS ULIS = sta eae Bape te aes (al SM SRE Mysto Aiea OUCKET LOMe=NO SCH oss Ae sassacecmse oe See eee ee eee 231
SAIC OLA ee ete en aioe ree eee eae men 284 ATO REMC EH Smee ena se! octet re eee Se, we 231
SUITING Ee eee tee teem ee eR ne oe ae mee LL DSO E OT OKCLS Me abet pants oie a Stee ns Sa care a ee sie So ate 231
Sebastolobus alascamus: 220... b ae Seo!) IEETy Otek eee oes a ee 330
BIUIVEMISE Foe = eee Sea Sete nei oars aa DSO PSUCKIISS QUIAIISE = see yen ies a) oe epee oe a eee ine Sele = 228
SCLLOMTS PATECNENOCOLUWS: me ae aoe ee. ee oe seta oe 37°) superciliosus, Hexaprammos.: 2... 22.-22.+25 2 -=2- 295
HZOLOCD UG Sie hee ee paces re ee ee eM SI POUT She SGT D eC sas vans eae ees elec ee ene ee ee 278
serio ChalimiuTasss <5 Shee eee ee Se Ne 349 AGU SS ees SO enh em een thr nea NE elle at eee ha 276
Sebise rm PDASVCOCEUS sete asec aces ae ee ee eae SIGH | POULMISheS va vip arOUSS sale sacs sea See ee cies ee eee 276
SHAG SAG AMIGO wae ers emer ice LCA ee ere SS DRA NSWVAltinus © DASEOGES= sane sa acco cee ooo e Ose ocee aero 285
Shomkeiclee ners sake cs ete eee ee te een ne NETS Se igen 223, Sy aa pHGPPAMC MLM oh s4 ok eee eS oe Be sees eece ess 231
SS ae id Sho STONE pc a er a ee rs ere PIRSY Mea NS Feros) ani gusta eee ee eee eee ea aa emer 325
SISMIS FES Camis yaeersetases es ake Ne ane Sees ee SO ale Sve Pa GN eee ara neece es ee oes oe SO em ree Se 275
SIOMALUS GUM VyIMAS LOLA ers oe ceeds gee to See oa seein e oe ate ME LIIO PLCS OOLEUS se aah ae een eee ee oe 312,315
SIP MITE TMA ANSE Sat sens. aclgcyieecr ee LU et Se POON MEccHOhOCA Aber Gunes 2 sakes oe lee eee ne Se a 278
Sip oluGessq Gull DeGbIdi ame sms Sees es oneeet csee S rake SIA as (kV BASH GYSI=) 0 toate ete, ns eee ore ce ea co a get eae eld» 5 Se 266
SUE MIS AA POMOL A rcp ae ees ae acd Os I 2Goeearandichibhys mam etiGOSUS =. es esse nee oe = ee 297
Silverasallimom ys Aso oe ee es toe ee ey pea 249 ECING Se ree see A aS ie ee Rae 297
Sinmiigs Careprocuuse ses ses ene eee eee ae Joon LCOULS «Ma namaiChiGMiyiSe cs: seess == eee aoe 25 eee 297
SZ BAGO SMUD La: Mey ng teen one eed Ts ee 28me thaleichthys vOsmertis=s 22.) 2. =.. 5.6. esovsoeeuee tee. 268
siphostoma griseolineatam......2.......2..-------+--- Zion kh aleichithivis paAcitiGUSasess2. mec hone = eee scene ne 268
RRL DHEME USS se Sires Seen beers enn Tak 8 Tea Oe 280) Pen NeeCOPLeKUS MICUbICUS= ao). 25 <jc02 case yes Se aan eee = 316
Skater ores CAMtOnM aa wy-2 22 ees le Lee are ge 2208 bherac ran ChalcOeramimnde. sss. oo. s.2 552m. ote see ss 346, 351
Sea GES Eat Mm DV Sere cacti ar oh See epee eran atk De te 229 FI CE TIS LS Meese rie eS RES nee ese ee es 347
DIEGPE IS Maui Kener eee ae eee so eee) eee a he ae BS Al nea JDNEY Olt Gre Mo eso Ob BES COSR ne eee ariae Saas wears 271
SOMERS INIOUIVOR, 5 ens MUR eae amar Are tel i eR PAY ils Noida) MALS Ke Coat ee IE RR oe ep eens ae Fe 266
CaliRORNI Ae eee rene <n .oe nets Se eee ea AG Si te Uulingaien Isis teitibe tee ewes een ne ee ere ee See 266
SUED oe ren eee = ioe 8 Tied | i OUI ie LE SUNN CL CSc wate Romie see «ics oo oh be a tec 348
SLATES 1 BS and ee Oe SN Peep ha Sabre ite Ree, NeaNs One Ran AGF el Wee ARON AISI OVE Sere Ges oe a oe Spe te cri ec a ec acae ae 335
FSO I SV aYa Ss ee ee teenie SEU ei Sel Re Nera ae en PR SO GLACE mV AN Aiea irre ee ee Aen mee Sed Saha Biae ee eae 230
PSHM C COS ere ee on ee eo eh oe Se Ean 2B2* Ene CHMMUS AICTUUEDICOLUS 6s inom ons cena =o 2a ct ae == - eS 304
SOCKCY Crrr vem err A ah Loa Sa cet Ae Sone oe Dia eLTUGL OG OIU=STCHLET Gate | mae he sen ee eae ea sean es 335
SCiPITABORIGE DRE Ses Sees ny ee pane ee eee oe parietal 228 ERICH OC ONE Mk nee Meet seuss Seca ee ee 335
SOMMHOSHS MlerOCepPUalUS e208. sey. s eee ok ee Pasi obriehod Ole MiehOWOls e225 00.5 oe- oboe. cucheee se eee 335
‘ -
Vill INDEX.
Page. | Page.
Trichodontidee (30 ee eee 235 | -vadis; Gynmelin. - 2 ce. ... - 344
tridentatus, Entosphenus.___.__.._____...-..---------- 227 | Viviparous perch... ..._.. ioe Ste a. i 276
Traps Drege cs te ee ee 301 | vulgaris, Hippoglossus.-._-_.......-._----.-.-.-----.--- 352
pingells 5. 20522 0% sn eee ee a2 | Western chuser< - .. 52°42 e535 i eee 264
RCNP oo = aes ee ee i, 22 | White suriiish - - 2 3 ee 276
trispinosus, Odoniopyris ----_.-....-~-----.----------- * 330 | White viviparous perch --.-.-__.--_._-2-2-22.---.2-_--. 279
Podintineesiit 2522 52 - 2-20: on 330 | Whiteltth.. 22.0222. eee 24
Trout, Alesksculthmet...- <2. -22. 22 ee Se 238 | Menmeott's: - =. 226020... 3. 22 ee 234
Pum ook ess 261 | Mein 2a Sate ee 235
Dually Waster ..2 2 2 264 | Weleni'#< 222522. e. ee ee ee 235
Gent) taki: 25a... 2 dso oe 233 WANG 6 5s 2 oh ee eee 234
Mike 2 an Moe eats 63. | Wolk tadhess. 2052/2 Galan 32
fed TORK eo ba oo ae See 295 | XMenochirus alascanus----_.-..---.+----------2<---2-21-- Es 1)
Th 2 42 he: 8 a ee ee 233 lstifrans 2: 2-101 223 es ee ere 330
seimon 2.2225) a a eee 264 pontacanthym: 2222503 6e 2 eee ee <1)
Sieelhend |. < 25... sec eee 250 | xenostethus, Siermias.-_-_.--...--------------------- a2
TrOuGs..2 2455. 2-4 22S Bs eee eae 234 | Xiphidion mucosum.. - ....._.----22-.---------=------- 339
tschawyischa, Oneorhynehus..--.......2.----..-.-.--- 2 TUpesiie. 2 toe Se ee ee 339
fades, Sawa... 233 a ee 264 | Xiphister rupestris..........-..-.---..-----1-.1----.2- 339
tumen, Lycodalepis:~ - . ..--2- S265 ee 344 | Xiphistes chiras—.- --..--=----..-------_=---------=-22 339
Bweodes. 2 4.322555 ee ee 344 | WEMGOSMS 222 Sy RS en SR ee ee Bs)
Wiles misiemiwata® 2.2.2 eee 325 | Yellow-backed rockfish. _-__.__--__---.-2.-_.-------.- 238
Glochir, ‘Paxaliparis... ...-..2-22<4-S22- 28 a 334 |. zachirus, Glyptocephalus- ------.----.-..--.----..----- a7
Urania mictostoma. - «22. 2-222 2-52 308 | Zaniolepis latipinmis- -_----_--------------------------- 296
nermialas, Povo... 205-00 5 ee | Zeprocm mlonus: 26502: 25.0 seas Se ae 276
ventricosus, Cyclopterichthys. ---..-.-.-.-----=------- sal | “Zaprondse. 25 25 ccn sees ee eee ee 276
verrucosus, Myoxocephalus. -_-._..--...-------------=-- 312 | zebra, Psychrolutes ------_-----------------------.---.- 326
veluius, Parophrys:. - =~... 53022-2222 Se 333 | Zesticelus profumdorum.. -_---..........---------------.- 315
wiesnaiis, feels. = 2 eee S00 | Zeaneine 25. 2 2. 2 ee ee 342
wilomx Maliotus:.. ..... 2-2 2 ee eee 267 | zonurus, Malaeoeotias.. 25-2202 oe ee 316
wired, Delileqes....00 te eee eee 341 |
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